Myocardial blood flow and flow reserve in response to hormone therapy in postmenopausal women with risk factors for coronary disease.

Estrogen has beneficial effects on markers of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but may increase overall CHD events. The effects of hormone therapy on vascular endothelial function have been mixed, and require further assessment. We studied the myocardial blood flow (MBF) response to postmenopausal combination hormone therapy (CHT) in postmenopausal women with risk factors for CHD. We performed dynamic [13N]ammonia positron emission tomography in 15 postmenopausal women in a 7-month placebo-controlled crossover trial of continuous conjugated equine estrogen/cyclical micronized progesterone. MBF was measured at rest, after sympathetic stimulation with the cold pressor test (CPT), and after i.v. adenosine infusion, to determine baseline, endothelium-dependent, and maximal flows, respectively. Response to CPT was neutral in all women at baseline (-0.51 +/- 27%). Adenosine induced a marked increase in MBF (161 +/- 111%). Treatment with 3 months of combined estrogen/progestin CHT did not change CPT or adenosine MBF responses. Myocardial flow reserve was unchanged as well. In this group of postmenopausal women at higher cardiovascular risk, no association was found between CHT assignment and change in MBF. Further study is needed to clarify the effects of CHT on the endothelium of women with presumably diseased vasculature.

[Osteocartilaginous neoplasms of the small trochanter: observations on 4 cases]. / Le neoformazioni osteocartilaginee del piccolo trocantere: osservazioni su 4 casi.

The necessity of a surgical approach to the lesser trochanter is fairly rare event that occurs more frequently in the treatment of tumours situated in this anatomical area. The authors described four cases of osteocartilaginous neoplasms situated in proximity of the lesser trochanter. In two cases the mass was removed through a medial surgical approach (Ludloff); in one case through a postcolateral approach (Gibson), in one case through an anterior approach (Smith-Petersen). Each of the used approaches gives a good light on the lesser trochanter, therefore the choice of surgical approach is essentially determined by the prevalent spatial situation of neoplasm. Among the instrumental examinations available the Authors remark the importance of T.A.C. in the spatial visualization of neoformation.