RESUMO
Choanal atresia is a congenital condition referring to the blockage of the posterior nasal cavity. As bilateral choanal atresia (BCA) causes complete nasal congestion, it usually results in death due to asphyxia in the newborn if no emergency intervention is performed. Therefore, it is very rare to see a patient with BCA who has reached an advanced age. There are only 11 adult cases reported in the recent literature. Here, we report a case of a 60-year-old man diagnosed with BCA and we discuss the clinical presentation and treatment modalities with a review of the literature.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to adapt the Facial Nerve Grading System 2.0 (FNGS 2.0) to Turkish and to investigate the validity and the reliability of the Turkish version. METHODS: The original FNGS 2.0 was translated into Turkish and validated by international standards. Six Turkish physicians, three specialists and three residents, independently rated the videos, two times each, of 40 adult facial palsy patients. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. As another indication of reliability, "generalizability" was also evaluated. For all analyses, a p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: ICC and Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the inter-rater reliability of the total score of the FNGS 2.0 were 0.970 and 0.979 for the first assessment, 0.973 and 0.979 for the second assessment, respectively. The intra-rater reliability ICC results for the total score of the FNGS 2.0 were 0.95, 0.976, 0.982, 0.956, 0.96 and 0.931 for the six raters, respectively. The generalizability coefficient was found as G=0.894. CONCLUSION: In this study, we adapted the FNGS 2.0 to Turkish, and confirmed its reliability and validity as a facial palsy scale. The Turkish version of the FNGS 2.0 can be safely used to assess.
RESUMO
Background/aim: To adapt the Sunnybrook facial grading system (SFGS) into Turkish and perform validation and reliability studies on the Turkish version. Materials and Methods: The original English version of the SFGS was translated into Turkish by performing a linguistic validity study based on international standards. The evaluators comprised 6 physicians. Evaluations were performed twice independently using the video recordings of 65 facial palsy patients. Synchronously, the House-Brackman facial grading system (HBFGS) was filled out to display concurrent validity. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha was used for the examination of the inter- and intra-rater reliability. As another indication of reliability, the generalizability (G) was also examined. Results: The ICC for the inter-rater reliability for resting symmetry, symmetry of voluntary movement, synkinesis, and the composite score, which are 4 components of the SFGS, were determined, respectively, as 0.822, 0.956, 0.606, and 0.957 for the first evaluation, and 0.805, 0.965, 0.584, and 0.965 for the second evaluation. For the intra-rater reliability, the ICC were determined as 0.842, 0.956, 0.794, and 0.937, while the Cronbach's alpha coefficients were determined as 0.809, 0.956, 0.792, and 0.948, respectively. The G coefficient was determined as G = 0.772. For the concurrent validity, a strong correlation was found between the SFGS and HBFGS scores. Conclusion: The present study adapted the SFGS into Turkish, and demonstrated that the adapted scale was valid and reliable. The Turkish version can be used for the evaluation of facial palsy, the follow-up of treatment efficiency, and standardization in reporting outcomes with the international literature.
