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1.
Nutr Neurosci ; 26(4): 275-289, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35282801

RESUMO

Inflammation and oxidative stress are critical events involved in neurodegeneration. In animal models, it has been shown that chronic consumption of a hypercaloric diet, which leads to inflammatory processes, affects the hippocampus, a brain region fundamental for learning and memory processes. In addition, advanced age and menopause are risk factors for neurodegeneration. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) ameliorates menopause symptoms. Tibolone (TB), a synthetic hormone, exerts estrogenic, progestogenic and androgenic effects on different tissues. We aimed to determine the effect of short-term TB administration on oxidative stress and inflammation markers in the hippocampus of ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat-and-fructose diet (HFFD). Adult female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and fed standard diet or HFFD-consisting of 10% lard supplemented chow and 20% high-fructose syrup in the drinking water-and administered vehicle or TB (1 mg/kg for seven days). Finally, we administered hormone receptor antagonists (MPP, RU486 or FLU) to each of the OVX + HFFD + TB groups. Bodyweight, triglycerides and cholesterol, oxidative stress and inflammation markers, and the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes were quantified in the hippocampus of each experimental group. We observed that short-term TB administration significantly reduced body weight, AGEs, MDA levels, increased SOD and GPx activity, improved GSH/GSSG ratio, and reduced IL-6 and TNF-α. Our findings suggest that short-term administration of TB decreases oxidative stress and reduces inflammation caused by HFFD and early estrogenic decline. These effects occurred via estrogen receptor alpha.


Assuntos
Frutose , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Feminino , Animais , Frutose/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Peso Corporal , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hormônios/metabolismo , Hormônios/farmacologia
2.
Metab Syndr Relat Disord ; 21(2): 101-108, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36399542

RESUMO

Background: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays an essential role in cardiovascular homeostasis. However, during obesity and diabetes, its role in vascular tone regulation is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the function of the PVAT on aorta reactivity in the lean and cafeteria (CAF) diet-induced obese-hyperglycemic mice model. Methods: Aorta reactivity to phenylephrine, KCl, and acetylcholine was analyzed in lean (n = 6) and obese mice (n = 6). Also, nitric oxide (NO-) and cyclooxygenase participation, in the presence (n = 6) and absence (n = 6) of PVAT, were examined in the aortas. Results: After a CAF diet for 19 weeks, obese mice showed increased body weight, glucose intolerance, and hypercholesterolemia concerning lean mice. Vascular reactivity to phenylephrine was reduced significantly in the aorta of obese mice. In contrast, the contraction produced by KCl (80 mM) was increased in the aorta of obese mice independent of PVAT. Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation diminished in the aortas of obese mice in the presence of PVAT. Nonselective inhibition of cyclooxygenases likely shows that PVAT and endothelium release vasorelaxant prostanoids. Conclusions: The results suggest that PVAT modulates aorta reactivity by releasing NO-, decreasing the α1-adrenergic response to phenylephrine, and probably releasing vasorelaxant prostanoids. The data suggest that PVAT regulates the vascular smooth muscle and endothelial function in a CAF diet-induced obese-hyperglycemic mice model.


Assuntos
Acetilcolina , Tecido Adiposo , Camundongos , Animais , Camundongos Obesos , Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Obesidade , Aorta , Vasodilatadores , Fenilefrina/farmacologia
3.
Appl Radiat Isot ; 186: 110268, 2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35550227

RESUMO

The increasing use of thermoluminescence (TL) materials as radiation detectors with application in different areas of ionizing radiation has motivated research on new materials with adequate luminescent characteristics. In this work, experimental results gadolinium aluminate (GdAlO3) analyzed by thermoluminescent phenomenon under beta irradiation effect are studied. To prepare GdAlO3 powders the coprecipitation method was used. TL glow curve and other luminescent characteristics were analyzed using an automatic Lexsig Smart TL/OSL luminescent reader. TL glow curve showed four peaks with three prominent and well-defined peaks centered at 140, 230, and 270 °C. TL response as a function of beta radiation dose was linearity in the range from 1.1 up to 44 Gy. Kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E), frequency factor (s), and order of kinetics after the deconvolution of the TL glow curve were also determined using Chen's peak shape method. Experimental results show GdAlO3 as a potential luminescent host material for TL studies.


Assuntos
Medições Luminescentes , Dosimetria Termoluminescente , Cinética , Luminescência , Pós , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/métodos
4.
Plants (Basel) ; 11(5)2022 Feb 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35270046

RESUMO

The antihyperglycemic activity of ethanolic extract from Salvia polystachya (EESpS) and its products was evaluated using in vivo, ex vivo and in silico assays; additionally, an acute toxicity assay was evaluated. EESpS was classified as a nontoxic class 5 drug. EESpS, ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAcFr), secondary-6-fraction (SeFr6), ursolic acid (UA), and oleanolic acid (OA) reduced the hyperglycemia in DM2 mice. α-glucosidase inhibition was evaluated with oral sucrose and starch tolerance tests (OSuTT and OStTT), an intestinal sucrose hydrolysis (ISH) assay and molecular docking studies using acarbose as control. SGLT1 inhibition was evaluated with oral glucose and galactose tolerance tests (OGTT and OGaTT), an intestinal glucose absorption (IGA) assay and molecular docking studies using canagliflozin as the control. During the carbohydrate tolerance tests, all the treatments reduced the postprandial peak, similar to the control drugs. During the ISH, IC50 values of 739.9 and 726.3 µM for UA and OA, respectively, were calculated. During the IGA, IC50 values of 966.6 and 849.3 for UA, OA respectively, were calculated. Finally, during the molecular docking studies, UA and OA showed ∆G values of -6.41 and -5.48 kcal/mol-1, respectively, on α-glucosidase enzymes. During SGLT1, UA and OA showed ∆G values of -10.55 and -9.65, respectively.

5.
Phytomedicine ; 89: 153622, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34161895

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is characterized by deregulation in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, with a very high mortality rate. Glucose Transporter type 4 (GLUT4) plays a crucial role in T2D and represents a therapeutic target of interest. Tillandsia usneoides (T. usneoides) is a plant used as a remedy for diabetes. T. usneoides decreased blood glucose in different experimental models. However, the involvement of GLUT4 in this effect has not yet been explored. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate whether any component in T. usneoides might participate in the effect on blood glucose through a bioassay-guided fractionation, testing its potential antihyperglycemic effect in mice, as well as its influence on GLUT4 translocation in C2C12 myoblasts and primary hepatocytes. METHODS: The aqueous extract and the Ethyl Acetate fraction (TU-AcOEt) of T. usneoides were evaluated in a hypoglycemic activity bioassay and in the glucose tolerance test in CD-1 mice. TU-AcOEt was fractionated, obtaining five fractions that were studied in an additional glucose tolerance test. C1F3 was fractioned again, and its fractions (C2F9-12, C2F22-25, and C2F38-44) were examined by HPLC. The C2F38-44 fraction was analyzed by Mass Spectrometry (MS) and subjected to additional fractionation. The fraction C3F6-9 was explored by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), resulting in 5,7,4´-trihydroxy-3,6,3´,5´-tetramethoxyflavone (Flav1). Subsequently, a viability test was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of Flav1 and fractions C2F9-12, C2F22-25. C2F38-44, and C3F30-41 in C2C12 myoblasts and primary mouse hepatocytes. Confocal microscopy was also performed to assess the effect of Flav1 and fractions on GLUT4 translocation. RESULTS: The TU-AcOEt fraction exhibited a hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect in mice, and its fractionation resulted in five fractions, among which fraction C1F3 decreased blood glucose. MS and NMR analysis revealed the presence of Flav1. Finally, Flav1 significantly promoted the translocation of GLUT4 in C2C12 myoblasts and primary hepatocytes. CONCLUSION: To date, Flav1 has not been reported to have activity in GLUT4; this study provides evidence that T. usneoides is a plant with the potential to develop novel therapeutic agents for the control of T2D.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Flavonas , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 4/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipoglicemiantes , Mioblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Flavonas/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Camundongos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Tillandsia/química
6.
Eur J Pharmacol ; 883: 173252, 2020 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32534078

RESUMO

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by defects in glycemia regulation. This disease is associated with alterations in insulin action and lipid metabolism, generating hyperglycemia and dyslipidemias. Currently, it is necessary to develop new or known drugs that promote the sensitization of insulin action. Thus, activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) is probably the key to doing this. PPARs participate in maintaining an energetic balance between storage and the expenditure of energy. The activation of PPARγ produces the storage of energy, mainly as glycogen and fat. Meanwhile, PPARα activation promotes lipid degradation. Oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid of numerous edible and medicinal plants, decreases hyperglycemia and lipid accumulation. However, the effects on PPARs and their regulated genes are unknown. Our aim was to determine the effects of OA on PPAR γ/α expression and their regulated genes (adiponectin, type 4 glucose transporter, fatty acid transport protein, and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase) in C2C12 myoblasts by RT-PCR, Western blot, GLUT-4 translocation, and lipid storage in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In C2C12 myoblasts, OA increased the expression of mRNA in both PPARγ/α and their regulated genes; also, PPARγ, GLUT-4, and FATP-1 protein expression increased, as well as GLUT-4 translocation. In 3T3-L1, OA increased the expression of mRNA in both PPARγ/α and maintained lipid storage unchanged. In conclusion, OA exhibited a dual action on PPARγ/α, which might explain in part its antihyperglycemic effect. This compound represents an alternative for designing novel therapeutic strategies in the control of T2D.


Assuntos
Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 4/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipolipemiantes/farmacologia , Mioblastos Esqueléticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacologia , PPAR alfa/agonistas , PPAR gama/agonistas , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Dislipidemias/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 4/genética , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Mioblastos Esqueléticos/metabolismo , PPAR alfa/genética , PPAR alfa/metabolismo , PPAR gama/genética , PPAR gama/metabolismo , Transporte Proteico , Transdução de Sinais
7.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes ; 127(6): 396-404, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30107623

RESUMO

In addition to oxidative stress due to the increase of free radicals, estrogen deficiency is associated with changes in enzymatic activity, glutathione redox ratio (GSH/GSSG), and the content of oxidative markers such as malondialdehyde. Tibolone, a synthetic steroid, has been used as an elective treatment for the relief of menopausal symptoms. However, the acute effects of hormonal therapy with tibolone on metabolic parameters and oxidative stress markers associated with the first stages of estrogen deficiency are still unknown. The study aimed to evaluate if the acute administration of tibolone reduces oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats fed high-fat-and-fructose diet. Rats were fed a standard diet or a diet consisting of 10% lard-supplemented chow and 20% high-fructose syrup in the drinking water plus tibolone or vehicle for seven days. Weight, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels, as well as antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers were quantified in the serum of each experimental group. It was observed that seven days of diet and tibolone treatment in the ovariectomized group reduced weight, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose levels and advanced glycation end products but did not change GSH/GSSG ratio nor the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase. Also, both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity decreased, as well as malondialdehyde levels. These results suggest that the acute treatment with tibolone prevented the changes in the metabolic parameters analyzed as well as the increase in the levels of malondialdehyde and AGEs induced by ovariectomy and high-fat diet.


Assuntos
Carboidratos da Dieta/efeitos adversos , Gorduras na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Frutose/efeitos adversos , Norpregnenos/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Carboidratos da Dieta/farmacologia , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Feminino , Frutose/farmacologia , Ovariectomia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
8.
Vertex ; XXVII(130): 447-451, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28898304

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Cannabis use has been frequently associated to the experience of psychotic symptoms in the research literature. The objective was to investigate the association between cannabis use and psychotic like experiences in the city of Buenos Aires. METHODS: A sample of 862 respondents of the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, aged =18 years, was interviewed regarding their cannabis use, and presence of psychotic like experiences. RESULTS: Cannabis use was associated to psychotic like experiences, in particular to perceptual abnormalities (visual and auditory hallucinations). No association was found, however, between frequency of use and number of PLEs. CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis use could be related to the presence of PLEs. These results are pertinent regarding prevention, and could contribute to the analysis of the safety of cannabis use in the population studied.


Assuntos
Abuso de Maconha/complicações , Uso da Maconha/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Saúde da População Urbana , Adulto Jovem
9.
Vertex ; 25(117): 325-32, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25545077

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This research aims to determine if there is a relation between high depressive symptoms and the risk of suffering from bipolar disorder in university students, as well as describing demographic variables and career preferences association with these variables. METHODS: A self-survey was carried out with 823 students who were asked to fill out the Beck Depression Inventory and the Bipolar Spectrum Disorder Scale. RESULTS: 12.7% of the population showed symptoms related to clinical depression while 1.9% presented either moderated or high bipolar disorder risk. The 22.4% of those who suffered from clinical depression showed high and moderated bipolar disorder risk. The 43.8% of those who showed high probability of suffering from bipolar disorder risk received psychopharmacological treatment and 87.5% received psychological treatment. The 12.5% of those who were detected as probable bipolar patients never received any treatment, 40% of them were studying an artistic career. CONCLUSION: The percentage of college students at high risk of bipolar disorder is similar to what have been found in the international literature. In people with high levels of depression symptomatology the risk increases being one in four of them at risk for bipolar disorder.


Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estudantes , Universidades , Adulto Jovem
10.
Vertex rev. argent. psiquiatr ; 25(117): 325-32, 2014 Sep-Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1177013

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This research aims to determine if there is a relation between high depressive symptoms and the risk of suffering from bipolar disorder in university students, as well as describing demographic variables and career preferences association with these variables. METHODS: A self-survey was carried out with 823 students who were asked to fill out the Beck Depression Inventory and the Bipolar Spectrum Disorder Scale. RESULTS: 12.7


of the population showed symptoms related to clinical depression while 1.9


presented either moderated or high bipolar disorder risk. The 22.4


of those who suffered from clinical depression showed high and moderated bipolar disorder risk. The 43.8


of those who showed high probability of suffering from bipolar disorder risk received psychopharmacological treatment and 87.5


of them were studying an artistic career. CONCLUSION: The percentage of college students at high risk of bipolar disorder is similar to what have been found in the international literature. In people with high levels of depression symptomatology the risk increases being one in four of them at risk for bipolar disorder.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Transtorno Bipolar/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Estudantes , Universidades , Transtorno Bipolar/complicações , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Estudos Transversais , Medição de Risco , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/diagnóstico
11.
Vertex ; 25(117): 325-32, 2014 Sep-Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-133333

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This research aims to determine if there is a relation between high depressive symptoms and the risk of suffering from bipolar disorder in university students, as well as describing demographic variables and career preferences association with these variables. METHODS: A self-survey was carried out with 823 students who were asked to fill out the Beck Depression Inventory and the Bipolar Spectrum Disorder Scale. RESULTS: 12.7


of the population showed symptoms related to clinical depression while 1.9


presented either moderated or high bipolar disorder risk. The 22.4


of those who suffered from clinical depression showed high and moderated bipolar disorder risk. The 43.8


of those who showed high probability of suffering from bipolar disorder risk received psychopharmacological treatment and 87.5


received psychological treatment. The 12.5


of those who were detected as probable bipolar patients never received any treatment, 40


of them were studying an artistic career. CONCLUSION: The percentage of college students at high risk of bipolar disorder is similar to what have been found in the international literature. In people with high levels of depression symptomatology the risk increases being one in four of them at risk for bipolar disorder.

12.
J Pharm Pharmacol ; 65(10): 1563-76, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24028624

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Cucurbita ficifolia (characterised by its D chiro inositol (DCI) content) and of synthetic DCI on the redox state, mRNA expression and secretions of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, we evaluated the insulin-mimetic action of both treatments by assessing protein kinase B (PKB) activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS: Adipocytes were treated with C. ficifolia and synthetic DCI. The redox state was determined by spectrophotometry as changes in the reduced glutathione/oxidised glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities; H2 O2 levels were measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression and the protein level of cytokines were determinate by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The activation of PKB activation was detected by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS: C. ficifolia extract and synthetic DCI reduced oxidative stress by decreased H2 O2 levels, increased glutathione peroxidase activity and changes in the GSH/GSSG ratio. Furthermore, DCI decreased the mRNA expression and secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and resistin, while C. ficifolia reduced protein levels of resistin and increased IL-6 levels. Only DCI demonstrated insulin-mimetic action. CONCLUSIONS: The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of C. ficifolia extract can be explained in part by its DCI content, which modulates the GSH/GSSG ratio and contributes to a reduced proinflammatory state. C. ficifolia and DCI treatments may reduce the disturbances caused by oxidative stress. Additionally, DCI may improve insulin sensitivity through its insulin-mimetic effects.


Assuntos
Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cucurbita/química , Citocinas/imunologia , Inositol/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipócitos/imunologia , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Adipocinas/metabolismo , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Inositol/isolamento & purificação , Camundongos , Oxirredução , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo
13.
Rev. psiquiatr. salud ment ; 6(2): 67-74, abr.-jun. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-111415

RESUMO

Introducción. Los déficits en la funcionalidad son comunes durante la remisión en el trastorno bipolar (TB). Adicionalmente, existe evidencia de alteraciones en la cognición social en remisión clínica. Estos déficits podrían contribuir a la disfunción observada en estos pacientes. Material y métodos. Doce pacientes bipolares en remisión sintomática (7 bipolares tipo i y 5 de tipo ii) y 12 individuos controles sin patología psiquiátrica completaron el Test de las Miradas y el Test de Faux Pas para evaluar teoría de la mente (ToM), y el Test Breve para la Evaluación de la Funcionalidad (FAST). Resultados. El desempeño de los pacientes bipolares en el aspecto cognitivo de la ToM se ubicó por debajo de la línea de corte, sin llegar a presentar diferencias significativas en comparación con el grupo control (p=0,078) y con tendencia a un peor desempeño a mayor número de episodios depresivos (p=0,082). Las puntuaciones medias para el componente emocional de la ToM se encontraron por encima de la puntuación de corte en ambos grupos. La funcionalidad global resultó significativamente inferior en los pacientes bipolares en comparación con la muestra control (p=0,001). A la vez, se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en 5 de las 6 dimensiones del funcionamiento evaluadas. No se hallaron correlaciones significativas entre la ToM y la funcionalidad. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con TB presentan, aun en remisión sintomática, disfuncionalidad en un amplio espectro de ámbitos vitales. El aspecto cognitivo de la ToM se encontraría más afectado que la ToM emocional. No se observó una correlación significativa entre alteraciones en la funcionalidad y déficits en ToM(AU)


Introduction. Functional deficits are commonly observed in bipolar disorder after symptomatic remission. Social cognition deficits have also been reported, which could contribute to dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder in remission. Materials and methods. Twelve bipolar disorder patients in symptomatic remission (7 patients with bipolar disorder type I and 5 with bipolar disorder type II) and 12 healthy controls completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the Faux Pas Test to evaluate theory of mind (ToM). Both groups also completed the Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST). Results. The performance of the bipolar patients in the cognitive component of ToM was below normal, although the difference between the control group was not statistically significant (P=.078), with a trend to a worse performance associated with a higher number of depressive episodes (P=.082). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for the emotional component of ToM. Global functionality was significantly lower in bipolar patients compared to the control group (P=.001). Significant differences were also observed between both groups in five of the six dimensions of functionality assessed. No significant correlation was found between functionality and theory of mind. Conclusions. Bipolar patients in symptomatic remission exhibit impairments in several areas of functioning. Cognitive ToM appears more affected than emotional ToM. Deficits in ToM were not related to functional impairment(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teoria da Mente , Teoria da Mente/fisiologia , Transtorno Bipolar/complicações , Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Cognição/fisiologia , Transtorno Bipolar/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta/tendências , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais
14.
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment ; 6(2): 67-74, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23084796

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Functional deficits are commonly observed in bipolar disorder after symptomatic remission. Social cognition deficits have also been reported, which could contribute to dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder in remission. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve bipolar disorder patients in symptomatic remission (7 patients with bipolar disorder type I and 5 with bipolar disorder type II) and 12 healthy controls completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the Faux Pas Test to evaluate theory of mind (ToM). Both groups also completed the Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST). RESULTS: The performance of the bipolar patients in the cognitive component of ToM was below normal, although the difference between the control group was not statistically significant (P=.078), with a trend to a worse performance associated with a higher number of depressive episodes (P=.082). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for the emotional component of ToM. Global functionality was significantly lower in bipolar patients compared to the control group (P=.001). Significant differences were also observed between both groups in five of the six dimensions of functionality assessed. No significant correlation was found between functionality and theory of mind. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar patients in symptomatic remission exhibit impairments in several areas of functioning. Cognitive ToM appears more affected than emotional ToM. Deficits in ToM were not related to functional impairment.


Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Teoria da Mente , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cognição , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Psicológicos , Tranquilizantes/uso terapêutico
15.
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol ; 108(6): 406-13, 2011 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21205225

RESUMO

The monosodium glutamate (MSG) neonatal administration in mice provides a model of obesity with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and insulin resistance. However, the inflammatory profile of cytokines produced from fat tissue and its relationship to the metabolic dysfunction induced by MSG have not yet been revealed. The aim of this study was to establish the inflammatory profile attributed to MSG by measuring the expression of adipokines in visceral fat and serum of 19-week-old mice as well as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARα and γ). Some metabolic and biochemical parameters were also quantified. The MSG increased mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), resistin and leptin, but adiponectin did not exhibit any changes. In addition, impaired glucose tolerance, increased levels of insulin, resistin and leptin were observed in serum. Both PPARα and PPARγ were activated in MSG-induced obese mice, which might explain its inflammatory profile. However, liver transaminases were severely depressed, indicating that MSG may also induce liver injury, contributing to inflammation. The MSG neonatal neuro-intoxication in mice may thus provide a model of obesity and inflammation characterized by the dual activation of PPARα and PPARγ, which might offer new insights into the mechanism of inflammatory diabetes in obesity leading to steatohepatitis, as well as a suitable model to study the role of new therapeutic agents to prevent or reduce insulin resistance, the inflammatory state and liver steatosis.


Assuntos
Aditivos Alimentares/toxicidade , Inflamação/metabolismo , Obesidade/induzido quimicamente , Obesidade/metabolismo , Receptores Ativados por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/genética , Glutamato de Sódio/toxicidade , Adiponectina/sangue , Tecido Adiposo/fisiopatologia , Envelhecimento/patologia , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fígado Gorduroso/complicações , Feminino , Aditivos Alimentares/metabolismo , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/complicações , Insulina/sangue , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Obesos , Obesidade/complicações , Receptores Ativados por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Glutamato de Sódio/metabolismo
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