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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1994.].
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Bone metastasis is the hallmark of progressive and castration-resistant prostate cancers. MicroRNA 1 (miR-1) levels are decreased in clinical samples of primary prostate cancer and further reduced in metastases. SRC has been implicated as a critical factor in bone metastasis, and here we show that SRC is a direct target of miR-1. In prostate cancer patient samples, miR-1 levels are inversely correlated with SRC expression and a SRC-dependent gene signature. Ectopic miR-1 expression inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling and bone metastasis in a xenograft model. In contrast, SRC overexpression was sufficient to reconstitute bone metastasis and ERK signaling in cells expressing high levels of miR-1. Androgen receptor (AR) activity, defined by an AR output signature, is low in a portion of castration-resistant prostate cancer. We show that AR binds to the miR-1-2 regulatory region and regulates miR-1 transcription. Patients with low miR-1 levels displayed correlated low canonical AR gene signatures. Our data support the existence of an AR-miR-1-SRC regulatory network. We propose that loss of miR-1 is one mechanistic link between low canonical AR output and SRC-promoted metastatic phenotypes.
Assuntos
Androgênios/genética , Neoplasias Ósseas/genética , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/genética , Quinases da Família src/genética , Animais , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/patologia , Receptores Androgênicos/genética , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaRESUMO
Activation of EGFR signaling pathway leads to prostate cancer bone metastasis; however, therapies targeting EGFR have demonstrated limited effectiveness and led to drug resistance. miR-203 levels are down-regulated in clinical samples of primary prostate cancer and further reduced in metastatic prostate cancer. Here we show that ectopic miR-203 expression displayed reduced bone metastasis and induced sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment in a xenograft model. Our results demonstrate that the induction of bone metastasis and TKI resistance require miR-203 down regulation, activation of the EGFR pathway via altered expression of EGFR ligands (EREG and TGFA) and anti-apoptotic proteins (API5, BIRC2, and TRIAP1). Importantly, a sufficient reconstitution of invasiveness and resistance to TKIs treatment was observed in cells transfected with anti-miR-203. In prostate cancer patients, our data showed that miR-203 levels were inversely correlated with the expression of two EGFR ligands, EREG and TGFA, and an EGFR dependent gene signature. Our results support the existence of a miR-203, EGFR, TKIs resistance regulatory network in prostate cancer progression. We propose that the loss of miR-203 is a molecular link in the progression of prostate cancer metastasis and TKIs resistance characterized by high EGFR ligands output and anti-apoptotic proteins activation.
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Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Anfirregulina , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Neoplasias Ósseas/enzimologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação para Baixo , Família de Proteínas EGF/genética , Família de Proteínas EGF/metabolismo , Epirregulina/genética , Epirregulina/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inibidores , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , MicroRNAs/biossíntese , MicroRNAs/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias da Próstata/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/biossíntese , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras) , Transdução de Sinais , Fator de Crescimento Transformador alfa/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador alfa/metabolismo , Proteínas ras/biossíntese , Proteínas ras/genética , Proteínas ras/metabolismoRESUMO
The recurrence of prostate cancer metastases to bone after androgen deprivation therapy is a major clinical challenge. We identified FN14 (TNFRSF12A), a TNF receptor family member, as a factor that promotes prostate cancer bone metastasis. In experimental models, depletion of FN14 inhibited bone metastasis, and FN14 could be functionally reconstituted with IKKß-dependent, NFκB signaling activation. In human prostate cancer, upregulated FN14 expression was observed in more than half of metastatic samples. In addition, FN14 expression was correlated inversely with androgen receptor (AR) signaling output in clinical samples. Consistent with this, AR binding to the FN14 enhancer decreased expression. We show here that FN14 may be a survival factor in low AR output prostate cancer cells. Our results define one upstream mechanism, via FN14 signaling, through which the NFκB pathway contributes to prostate cancer metastasis and suggest FN14 as a candidate therapeutic and imaging target for castrate-resistant prostate cancers.
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Neoplasias Ósseas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/patologia , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismo , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Animais , Neoplasias Ósseas/genética , Inativação Gênica , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/genética , Receptores Androgênicos/genética , Receptores do Fator de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor de TWEAK , Análise Serial de Tecidos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
European foulbrood (EFB) persists in England and Wales despite current treatment methods, all of which include feeding honey bee colonies with the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC). A large-scale field experiment was conducted to monitor a husbandry-based method, using comb replacement (known as Shook swarm), as a drug free EFB control option. The understanding of EFB epidemiology is limited, with little information on the presence of Melissococcus plutonius in disease free colonies. Additional samples were collected from diseased and disease free apiaries to identify symptomless infection. EFB reoccurrence was not significantly different between OTC and husbandry methods and real-time PCR data demonstrated that fewer Shook swarm treated colonies contained M. plutonius carryover to the Spring following treatment. Asymptomatic colonies from diseased apiaries showed an increased risk of testing positive for M. plutonius compared to asymptomatic colonies from disease free apiaries. The probability of a sample being symptomatic increased when a greater quantity of M. plutonius was detected in adult bees and larvae. The possibility of treating EFB as an apiary disease rather than a colony disease and the implications of a control strategy without antibiotics are discussed.
