Occurrence of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Troglostrongylus brevior in domestic cats in Greece.

BACKGROUND: Despite the evidence that Mediterranean Europe offers suitable conditions for the biology of felid respiratory metastrongyloids, no updated data on the presence of felid lungworms are available for Greece. Although the cat lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is considered as enzootic in domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) living in some areas of continental Greece, conversely, Troglostrongylus brevior, has only been reported in the island of Crete. The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Troglostrongylus brevior in domestic cats from four different Greek locations including islands where European wildcats (Felis silvestris silvestris), believed to be the natural reservoir of T. brevior, are considered absent. METHODS: Faeces were collected from 125 stray cats in the city of Athens, and in Crete, Mykonos and Skopelos Islands, and examined by copromicroscopic techniques for the presence of lungworm larvae. When present, larvae were morphologically and molecularly identified. RESULTS: The occurrence of A. abstrusus and T. brevior was confirmed in 10 (8 %) and 7 (5.6 %) of the samples, respectively. In particular, T. brevior was detected in domestic cats in the city of Athens, and in Mykonos and Skopelos Islands, where wildcats are not present. CONCLUSIONS: This information illustrates that T. brevior may infect domestic cats regardless of the presence of the natural host. Considering the relevant clinical impact of this nematode especially in young animals, it is advisable to include troglostrongylosis in the differential diagnosis of cat respiratory diseases also where this parasite is unexpected.

Respiratory nematodes in cat populations of Italy.

The occurrence of common respiratory parasites of domestic cats (the metastrongyloid "cat lungworm" Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and the trichuroid Capillaria aerophila) and of neglected respiratory nematodes of felids (Troglostrongylus brevior, Angiostrongylus chabaudi and Oslerus rostratus) was here evaluated in two and three geographical sites of Northern and Central Italy, respectively. In 2014-2015, individual fecal samples of 868 domestic cats were examined microscopically and genetically, and epidemiological data related to parasitic infections were evaluated as possible risk factors by binary logistic regression models. The most common parasite was A. abstrusus in both mono- and poli-specific infections, followed by T. brevior and C. aerophila, while cats scored negative for other parasites. Cats positive for A. abstrusus (1.9-17 % infection rate) and C. aerophila (0.9-4.8 % infection rate) were found in all examined sites, while cats scored positive for T. brevior (1-14.3 % infection rate) in four sites. Also, T. brevior was here found for the first time in a domestic cat from a mountainous area of Northern Italy. The occurrence of lungworms was statistically related to the presence of respiratory signs and more significant in cats with mixed infection by other lungworms and/or intestinal parasites. Cats living in site C of Central Italy resulted statistically more at risk of infection for lungworms than cats living in the other study sites, while animals ageing less than 1 year were at more risk for troglostrongylosis. Finally, the presence of lungworms was more significant in cats with mixed infection by other lungworms and/or intestinal parasites. These results are discussed under epidemiological and clinical points of views.

Avaliação dos métodos de otoscopia e exame do swab parasitológico no diagnóstico da otocariose canina: uma abordagem bayesiana / Evaluation of methods of the otoscopy and parasitological swab in diagnosis of canine otocariose: a bayes analysis

Ácaros do gênero Otodectes são parasitos encontrados frequentemente no ouvido de cães e gatos, sendo reconhecidos como os principais causadores de otite externa nesses animais. Trezentos e vinte cães, oriundos do município de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, foram examinados através da otoscopia e do exame do swab parasitológico, com o objetivo de avaliar, através da análise bayesiana para a estimativa da prevalência, sensibilidade e especificidade destes métodos no diagnóstico da infestação causada pelo ácaro utilizando-se de dados a priori informativos e não informativos. Cada animal foi considerado uma unidade experimental. Do total de cães examinados, 142 (44,37%) apresentaram-se positivos para otocariose. Em 100 animais (31,25%) a infestação foi diagnosticada pelos dois métodos, em 31 (9,69%) apenas pelo exame do swab parasitológico, em 11 (3,44%) apenas pela otoscopia e em 178 (55,62%) animais o resultado foi negativo por ambos os métodos. A sensibilidade da otoscopia, quando comparada ao exame do swab parasitológico, foi considerada menor, a especificidade dos testes, porém, não difere estatisticamente. O modelo, a priori informativo, demonstrou ser o mais plausível e reduziu consideravelmente o intervalo de credibilidade das estimativas dos parâmetros. Conclui-se que a análise bayesiana é efetiva na estimativa da prevalência e características dos testes diagnósticos...

Mites of the genus Otodectes are parasites found frequently in the ear of dogs and cats, being recognized as the main causers of external otitis in these animals. Three hundred and twenty dogs, deriving of the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, had been examined through the otoscopy and of the examination of parasitological swab, with the objective to evaluate through the bayes'analysis for the estimate of the prevalence, sensitivity and especificity of these methods in the diagnosis of the infestation caused for the mite, using dates informative and not informative a priori. Each animal was considered an experimental unit. Of the total of examined dogs, 142 (44.37%) had been presented positive for otocariosis. In 100 animals (31.25%) the infestation was diagnosed by the two methods, in 31 (9.69%) only for the examination of parasitological swab, in 11 (3.44%) only for the otoscopy and in 178 (55.62%) animal the result was negative for both the methods. The sensitivity of the otoscopy, when compared with the examination of parasitological swab, was considered lesser, however the especificity of tests they do not differ. The informative model with priori it demonstrated to be most reasonable and considerably reduced the interval of credibility of the estimates of the parameters. It can be concluded that Bayes'analysis is effective in the estimation of prevalence and characteristics of the diagnostic tests...