The importance of the compartment model of body composition analysis in women with severe obesity / La importancia del modelo compartimentai de análisis de composición corporal en mujeres con obesidad severa

Abstract Introduction. Obesity is usually diagnosed based only on body mass index (BMI), which may lead to an unreliable body composition analysis. Objective: To analyze the body characteristics of morbidly obese (class III) women referred to bariatric surgery using the compartment model of body composition analysis. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 in 14 morbidly obese women aged between 25 and 51 years, who attended clinical and physical therapy assessment prior to undergoing bariatric surgery at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Body composition analysis was performed using an octopolar bioimpedance scale. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between variables, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: A high mean percentage of fat body was observed (51.2%), mainly in the trunk. BMI was correlated with total fat in kilograms (r=0.93), total body fat percentage (TBF%) (r=0.67), total body water (r=0.63), and muscle mass (r=o.6o); besides, a moderate correlation with the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was found (r=0.55). WHR showed a correlation with TBF% (r=o.6o) and a moderate correlation with total fat in kilograms (r=0.57). Moreover, the sarcopenia index was correlated with muscle mass (r=0.79) and total body water (r=0.78). All these correlations were statistically significant (p<0.05). There were no sarcopenia cases. Conclusion: A higher concentration of fat in the trunk and the upper limbs was observed in the study population; however, none of the participants had sarcopenia. On the other hand, BMI showed a stronger correlation with both total fat (kg) and TBF% than with WHR. Such findings suggest that assessing these patients based only on BMI or WHR may hinder the development individualized treatment strategies.

Resumen Introducción. Por lo general, el diagnóstico de obesidad se basa en el índice de masa corporal (IMC), lo que puede resultar en un análisis de la composición corporal no confiable. Objetivo. Analizar las características corporales de mujeres mórbidamente obesas (Clase III) remitidas a cirugía bariátrica mediante el modelo compartimental de análisis de composición corporal. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 2017 en 14 mujeres con obesidad mórbida con edades entre los 25 y 51 años que se encontraban en valoración clínica y por fisioterapia antes de someterse a cirugía bariátrica en un hospital universitario de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. El análisis de la composición corporal se realizó mediante una balanza de bioimpedancia octopolar. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para analizar la correlación entre variables, con un nivel de significancia de p<0.05. Resultados. Se observó un alto porcentaje promedio de grasa corporal (51.2%), principalmente en el tronco. El IMC se correlacionó con la grasa total en kilogramos (r=0.93), el porcentaje de grasa corporal total (r=0.67), el agua corporal total (r=0.63) y la masa muscular (r=0.60); además, se encontró una correlación moderada con el índice cintura-cadera (IC-C) (r=0.55). Por su parte, el IC-C mostró una correlación con el porcentaje de grasa corporal total (r=0.60) y una correlación moderada con la grasa total en kilogramos (r=0.57). Además, el índice de sarcopenia se correlacionó con la masa muscular (r=0.79) y el agua corporal total (r=0.78). Todas estas correlaciones fueron estadísticamente significativas. No se observó sarcopenia en la muestra. Conclusión. Se observó una mayor concentración de grasa en el tronco y las extremidades superiores, pero ninguna de las participantes tuvo sarcopenia. Por otra parte, el IMC mostró una mayor correlación con la cantidad de grasa (tanto en kilogramos como en porcentaje de grasa total) que con el IC-C. Estos hallazgos sugieren que evaluar este tipo de pacientes basándose únicamente en el IMC o el I-CC puede dificultar el desarrollo de estrategias de tratamiento individualizado.

Capacidad de comunicación: fundamental para comprender la consulta médica / Communication skills-essential to understand medical consultation

Introducción: Uno de los principales problemas relacionados con la atención médica es la comprensión de los pacientes con respecto a las orientaciones realizadas en las consultas. Objetivo: Evaluar la habilidad de transmisión de información por parte del médico y del estudiante de grado en medicina y el entendimiento correspondiente de su paciente. Pacientes y métodos: Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio descriptivo en cohorte transversal, entre los meses de julio de 2013 y diciembre de 2014, con una muestra de 100 pacientes atendidos por estudiantes de medicina, residentes de clínica médica y endocrinología, y una tutora de la disciplina del ambulatorio de endocrinología del Hospital Universitario de la Universidad Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Resultados. De todos los pacientes, el 65% tuvo alguna dificultad de comprensión, el 35% comprendió adecuadamente las orientaciones médicas y ningún paciente tuvo comprensión inadecuada. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio podrán motivar la planificación de estrategias que busquen perfeccionar la transmisión de informaciones por los miembros del equipo de salud con el fin de promover la comprensión de las orientaciones de la consulta médica por los pacientes

Introduction: One of the main problems related to health care is patient understanding regarding the guidelines made in consultations. Aim: To evaluate the ability of transmission by medical and graduate student in medicine and the corresponding understanding of their patient. Patients and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional cohort study was conducted between July 2013 and December 2014, with a sample of 100 patients attended by medical students, residents of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology and a tutor of Endocrinology, in University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Results: Of all patients, 65% had some difficulty in understanding, 35% properly understood medical guidelines and no patient had inadequate understanding. Conclusions. The results of this study may prompt planning strategies aimed at improving the transmission of information by members of the healthcare team in order to promote understanding of the guidelines of the medical consultation for patients

A influência do desenvolvimento sexual sobre as qualidades físicas básicas de meninos adolescentes / The influence of sexual development on the basic physical characteristics of teenage boys / La influencia del desarrollo sexual en el rendimiento físico de los adolescentes

Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da maturação sexual sobre parâmetros antropométricos e das qualidades físicas básicas em adolescentes de dez a quatorze anos do sexo masculino. Materiais e Métodos Para verificar a idade biológica observaram-se os estágios de desenvolvimento da genitália externa. As outras características avaliadas foram: massa corporal total (MCT), a estatura e o índice de massa corporal (IMC), idade óssea (IO), força, velocidade, agilidade e potência aeróbica. Resultados Os resultados demonstraram diferenças significativas em todas as variáveis ligadas ao crescimento (idade cronológica, estatura, massa corporal total, índice de massa corporal e idade óssea) entre os diferentes estágios de maturação sexual. Em relação às qualidades físicas, entre os estágios maturacionais, encontraram-se diferenças significativas na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados, com exceção da agilidade. Conclusão Conclui-se com este estudo, que a maturação sexual avaliada através dos estágios de desenvolvimento da genitália externa exerceu grande influência sobre variáveis antropométricas, a idade óssea e as qualidades físicas básicas dos adolescentes avaliados.(AU)

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sexual maturation on anthropometric parameters and basic physical characteristics in male adolescents aged from ten to fourteen years old. Materials and Methods The biological age was studied through the evaluation of the stage of the external genitalia development. Other evaluated characteristics were: total body mass (MCT), stature, body mass index (BMI), bone age (IO), strength, speed, agility and aerobic power. Results The results showed significant differences in all variables related to growth (chronological age, height, total body mass, body mass index and bone age) between different stages of sexual maturation. In relation to physical qualities, among maturational stages, we find significant differences in most characteristics, except for agility. Conclusions Based on this study, we may conclude that sexual maturation, evaluated by the stages of development of the external genitalia, exerts great influence on the anthropometric variables, the bone age and the basic physical characteristics of adolescent boys.(AU)

Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la maduración sexual en los parámetros antropométricos y del rendimiento atlético de adolescentes del género masculino, de 10 a 14 años de edad. Materiales y Métodos Para la evaluación de la edad biológica se realizó el análisis de la etapa de desarrollo de los genitales externos. Otras características evaluadas fueron: masa corporal total (MCT), talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC), edad ósea (IO), fuerza, velocidad, agilidad y potencia aeróbica. Resultados Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en todas las variables relacionadas con el crecimiento (edad cronológica, la talla, la masa corporal total, índice de masa corporal y la edad ósea) entre las diferentes etapas de maduración sexual. En relación con las cualidades físicas en las etapas de maduración, encontramos diferencias significativas en la mayoría de las características, a excepción de la agilidad. Conclusiones Se concluye que la maduración sexual evaluada a través de las etapas del desarrollo de los genitales externos tiene gran influencia sobre las variables antropométricas, la edad ósea y el rendimiento atlético de adolescentes.(AU)

[The influence of sexual development on the basic physical characteristics of teenage boys]. / A influência do desenvolvimento sexual sobre as qualidades físicas básicas de meninos adolescentes.

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sexual maturation on anthropometric parameters and basic physical characteristics in male adolescents aged from ten to fourteen years old. Materials and Methods The biological age was studied through the evaluation of the stage of the external genitalia development. Other evaluated characteristics were: total body mass (MCT), stature, body mass index (BMI), bone age (IO), strength, speed, agility and aerobic power. Results The results showed significant differences in all variables related to growth (chronological age, height, total body mass, body mass index and bone age) between different stages of sexual maturation. In relation to physical qualities, among maturational stages, we find significant differences in most characteristics, except for agility. Conclusions Based on this study, we may conclude that sexual maturation, evaluated by the stages of development of the external genitalia, exerts great influence on the anthropometric variables, the bone age and the basic physical characteristics of adolescent boys.

A relação entre as características dermatoglíficas e a maturação óssea de adolescentes / The relationship between adolescents' dermatoglyphic characteristics and skeletal maturation / Relación entre características dermatoglíficas y maduración esquelética de adolescentes

Objetivo O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre as características dermatoglíficas e a maturação esquelética, através da idade óssea, em de adolescentes do sexo masculino de 10 a 14 anos. Materiais e Métodos Os adolescentes foram divididos em 3 grupos (adiantados, normais e atrasados) pela diferença entre a idade óssea e a idade cronológica e tiveram suas características dermatoglíficas verificadas. A comparação entre os grupos foi realizada aplicando-se a estatística do qui-quadrado. Resultados Os adolescentes adiantados na sua idade óssea demonstraram maior potencialidade para atividades ligadas a potência e a velocidade, já os normais e os atrasados possuem uma maior predisposição para a coordenação e atividades cíclicas. Apesar das tendências citadas, os grupos não demonstraram possuir diferenças estatisticamente significativas, o que pode estar relacionado ao baixo número de alunos nos grupos adiantados e normais. Conclusões Apesar de não ter se encontrado diferenças significativas entre os grupos, houve uma tendência de uma menor predisposição coordenativa nos adiantados, os quais merecem uma atenção, pois esta é uma qualidade física de grande importância para o esporte e na realização das atividades do dia a dia.

Objective This study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between the dermatoglyphic characteristics and skeletal maturation by bone age in male adolescents aged 10 to 14. Materials and Methods The adolescents were divided into 3 groups (early, normal and late) by the difference between their bone and chronological age;their dermatoglyphic characteristics were also verified. The chi-square test was used for comparing the groups. Results The early teens'bone age showed greater potential for activities related to power and speed;normal and late teens hadgreater willingness for coordination and cyclic activities. Despite such tendencies, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups which may have been related to the low number of students in the early and normal groups. Conclusions Although no significant differences were found, there was a tendency towards lower coordinative predisposition in advanced individuals which merits attention because this is an important physical quality regarding sport and performing everyday activities.

Objetivo El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la relación entre las características dermatoglíficas y la maduración esquelética, por medio de la edad ósea en adolescentes del sexo masculino, de 10 a 14 años. Materiales y Métodos Los adolescentes se dividieron en tres grupos (adelantados, normales y retrasados) con base en las diferencias entre la edad ósea y la edad cronológica. Se verificaron las características dermatoglíficas. La comparación entre los grupos se realizó por medio del estadístico de Chi-cuadrado. Resultados Los adolescentes adelantados en su edad ósea demostraron mayor potencialidad para actividades relacionadas con la potencia y la velocidad, mientras los normales y los retrasados mostraron una mayor predisposición para la coordinación y las actividades cíclicas. A pesar de las tendencias citadas, los grupos no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, lo que puede estar relacionado con el bajo número de alumnos en los grupos adelantados y normales. Conclusiones A pesar de no haberse encontrado diferencias significativas entre los grupos, hubo una tendencia de menor predisposición para la coordinación en los adelantados, lo cual merece atención, pues esta es una calidad física de gran importancia para el deporte y en las actividades cotidianas.

[The relationship between adolescents' dermatoglyphic characteristics and skeletal maturation]. / A relação entre as características dermatoglíficas e a maturação óssea de adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between the dermatoglyphic characteristics and skeletal maturation by bone age in male adolescents aged 10 to 14. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The adolescents were divided into 3 groups (early, normal and late) by the difference between their bone and chronological age;their dermatoglyphic characteristics were also verified. The chi-square test was used for comparing the groups. RESULTS: The early teens'bone age showed greater potential for activities related to power and speed;normal and late teens hadgreater willingness for coordination and cyclic activities. Despite such tendencies, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups which may have been related to the low number of students in the early and normal groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although no significant differences were found, there was a tendency towards lower coordinative predisposition in advanced individuals which merits attention because this is an important physical quality regarding sport and performing everyday activities.