Sintomas de transtornos alimentares em acadêmicos de medicina / Symptoms of eating disorders in medical students

Objetivo: avaliar os sintomas de transtornos alimentares em estudantes do Curso de Medicina do Centro Universitário Christus. Métodos: o estudo foi realizado com acadêmicos do quarto semestre do curso de Medicina. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e antropométrico e os instrumentos Eating Atitudes Test (EAT-26); Binge Eating Scale (BES); e Sick Control One Stone Fat Food Questionnaire (SCOFF). Resultados: participaram do estudo 78 alunos, sendo 54 pessoas do sexo feminino (69,23%). A média de idade dos participantes foi de 22 (±4,7) anos, e o IMC médio foi de 24,33 (±4,11) kg/m2. Quanto ao SCOFF, 38,46% dos participantes apresentaram elevada probabilidade de transtorno alimentar, 14,10% apresentaram alto risco para desenvolverem transtornos alimentares segundo o EAT-26, e 12,82% apresentaram escores sugestivos de presença de compulsão alimentar moderada mediante o uso da BES. Conclusão: os transtornos alimentares e os comportamentos alimentares alterados foram identificados entre os acadêmicos de medicina. Assim, são necessárias intervenções de educação em saúde e de apoio psicológico para esta população, objetivando reduzir o risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares.

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the symptoms of eating disorders in medical students at Centro Universitário Christus. Methods: the study was carried out with fourth-semester medical students. A sociodemographic and anthropometric questionnaire was used, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) instruments; Binge Eating Scale (BES); and Sick Control One Stone Fat Food Questionnaire (SCOFF). Results: 78 students participated in the study, 54 of whom were female (69.23%). The mean age of the participants was 22 (±4.7) years and the mean BMI was 24.33 (±4.11) kg/m2. As for the SCOFF, 38.46% of the participants had a high probability of having an eating disorder, 14.10% had a high risk of developing eating disorders according to the EAT-26, and 12.82% had scores suggestive of the presence of moderate binge eating using BES. Conclusion: eating disorders and altered eating behaviors were identified among medical students. Thus, health education and psychological support interventions are needed for this population, aiming to reduce the risk of developing eating disorders.

Envolvimiento parental en la escuela: perspectivas de padres e hijos / Envolvimento parental na escola: perspetivas de pais e filhos / Parental involvement in school: parents' and students' perceptions

RESUMO O envolvimento parental na escola é um construto que engloba diferentes comportamentos e atitudes, de carácter multidimensional, envolvendo todas as práticas parentais desenvolvidas pela família, desde os bons hábitos de estudo e a comunicação com a escola, até iniciativas que visam o sucesso escolar dos filhos. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram analisar as perceções, tanto de pais como dos filhos, sobre o envolvimento dos pais no contexto escolar dos filhos e comparar a perceção de pais e filhos sobre esse aspeto. Participaram neste estudo 526 famílias e utilizou-se o Questionário de Envolvimento Parental para recolha de dados. Pais e alunos descreveram um elevado envolvimento parental no contexto escolar. Todavia, verificou-se a existência de diferenças significativas entre as duas perspetivas. Estes resultados possibilitam uma reflexão sobre as tendências, desafios e implicações deste conceito, sendo discutidas as suas implicações para a prática e para a investigação.

RESUMEN El envolvimiento parental en la escuela es un constructo que engloba distintos comportamientos y actitudes, de carácter multidimensional, abarcando todas las prácticas parentales desarrolladas por la familia, desde los buenos hábitos de estudio y la comunicación con la escuela, hasta iniciativas que tengan el objetivo el éxito escolar de los hijos. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron analizar las percepciones, de padres y de los hijos, sobre el envolvimiento de los padres en el contexto escolar de los hijos y comparar la percepción de padres e hijos sobre ese aspecto. Participaron en este estudio 526 familias y se utilizó el Cuestionario de Envolvimiento Parental para la recolecta de datos. Padres y alumnos describieron un elevado envolvimiento parental en el contexto escolar. Sin embargo, se percibió la existencia de diferencias significativas entre las dos perspectivas. Estos resultados posibilitan una reflexión sobre las tendencias, desafíos e implicaciones de este concepto, siendo discutidas sus implicaciones para la práctica y para la investigación.

ABSTRACT Parental involvement at school is a construct that encompasses different behaviours and attitudes. Being multidimensional, it involves all the parental practices developed by the family, from study habits and communication with the school to initiatives aimed at the child's success at school. This study aims to analyse not only parents' perceptions of their own involvement with their children's school, but also their children's perceptions of their involvement with their school. It also explores the comparison between parents' and children's perceptions of perceived parental involvement. A total of 526 families took part in this study and the data was collected using the Parental Involvement Questionnaire. Both parents and children perceived a high level of parental involvement with the school, but there were significant differences between their perceptions. These results make it possible to reflect on the trends, challenges and implications of this concept, presenting the implications for practice and research.

Synthesis of Pyrrolidines by a Csp3 -Csp3 /Csp3 -N Transition-Metal-Free Domino Reaction of Boronic Acids with γ-Azido-N-Tosylhydrazones.

The reaction between γ-azido-N-tosylhydrazones and boronic acids leads to the obtention of 2,2-disubstituted pyrrolidines in a domino process that includes 1) diazoalkane formation, 2) intermolecular carboborylation of the diazocompound, and 3) intramolecular carborylation of the azide, and comprises the formation of a Csp3 -Csp3 and a Csp3 -N bonds on the same carbon atom. The reaction proceeds without the need of any transition-metal catalyst under microwave activation and features wide scope in both reaction partners. It can be applied to both alkyl and arylboronic acids with equal efficiency. With N-tosylhydrazones derived from 2-(2-azidoethyl)-cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone the reactions are highly diastereoselective leading to the cis-fused bicyclic systems as unique diastereoisomers. The scope of the process is illustrated by over sixty examples, including scaffolds present in natural alkaloids, and the mechanistic proposal is suppported by DFT-based computations.

Cascade and multicomponent synthesis of structurally diverse 2-(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridines and polysubstituted pyrazoles.

The cascade reaction between N-tosylhydrazones and 2-alkynylpyridines leads to 2-(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridines, important structural motifs in ligands for transition metals and bioactive molecules. When the reaction is conducted with 2,6-diethynylpyridine, the important 2,6-bis(pyrazolyl)pyridines are obtained, featuring the arrangement of tridentate and also pentadentate ligands. A novel three-component version of the reaction has been designed, which involves the use of α-bromo-N-tosylhydrazones, alkynylpyridines and NH-azoles. The generality of the multicomponent reaction is further illustrated by the preparation of different polysubstituted pyrazoles by employing an array of terminal alkynes. In these multicomponent reactions, complex molecules featuring three different heterocycles are assembled in a single step from commercial materials, enabling the fast generation of molecular diversity.

Adoption-related feelings, loss, and curiosity about origins in adopted adolescents.

Adoption involves strong emotions. From the adoptee's point of view, adoption means not only the gain of a new family but also inevitable losses. This study aims at analyzing adoption-related feelings, which include the feelings of loss and the ensuing curiosity about the birth family and pre-adoption life. A total of 81 adopted adolescents, aged 12-22, adopted at 4 years of age, on average, participated in this study. The data were collected using the Questionnaire of Adoption-related Feelings and the Adopted Adolescents Interview, which allowed for the identification of the experiences, feelings, and attitudes of the adopted adolescents regarding their story before and after adoption, and their feelings towards their birth family. The results showed that most participants did not identify adoption-related losses. Nevertheless, they acknowledged the existence of some aspects of their adoption story that made them feel sad and angry and could identify several difficulties associated with their adoptive status. Participants showed low levels of curiosity even if they were mostly curious about the reasons why they had been placed up for adoption. The adoptees' feelings when thinking about their birth parents, the curiosity regarding their past, and their adoption-related losses predicted their feelings related to the adoption experience. Several implications for the psychological practice with adopted adolescents will be presented.

Synthesis of 1,1-Disubstituted Indenes and Dihydronaphthalenes through C-C/C-C Bond-Forming Pd-Catalyzed Autotandem Reactions.

A novel synthesis of 1,1-disubstituted 1H-indenes is described involving the Pd-catalyzed cascade reaction between o-bromophenyl-ß-bromostyrenes and N-tosylhydrazones in a process comprising the consecutive formation of two Csp3-C bonds on the same carbon atom: the cross-coupling of the N-tosylhydrazone with the alkenyl bromide and the intramolecular Heck reaction on the newly formed double bond. A similar approach has been applied to the preparation of 1,1-disubstituted naphthalenes.

Synthesis of 1,3-diaryl-3-trifluoromethylcyclopropenes by transition-metal-free reaction of 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone tosylhydrazones with alkynes: the effect of the trifluoromethyl group.

1,3-Diaryl-3-trifluoromethylcyclopropenes and 2-aryl- or 2-alkyl-1,3-diaryl-3-trifluoromethylcyclopropenes are prepared in a very simple way by reaction between 1,1,1-trifluoroacetophenone tosylhydrazones and terminal or internal alkynes, respectively, in a base promoted process that does not require the presence of any metal catalyst. The essential role of the trifluoromethyl group, which enables the formation of the cyclopropenes instead of the expected pyrazoles, has been computationally investigated, suggesting the participation of a free carbene.

Structurally Diverse π-Extended Conjugated Polycarbo- and Heterocycles through Pd-Catalyzed Autotandem Cascades.

The Pd-catalyzed reaction between 2,2'-dibromobiphenyls and related systems with tosylhydrazones gives rise to new π-extended conjugated polycarbo- and heterocycles through an autotandem process involving a cross-coupling reaction followed by an intramolecular Heck cyclization. The reaction shows wide scope regarding both coupling partners. Cyclic and acyclic tosylhydrazones can participate in the process. Additionally, a variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic dibromoderivatives have been employed, leading to an array of diverse scaffolds featuring a fluorene or acridine central nucleus, and containing binaphthyl, thiophene, benzothiophene and indole moieties. The application to appropriate tetrabrominated systems led to greater structural complexity through two consecutive autotandem cascades. The photophysical properties of selected compounds were studied through their absorption and emission spectra. Fluorescence molecules featuring very high quantum yields were identified, showing the potential of this methodology in the development of molecules with interesting optoelectronic properties.

Pd-catalyzed autotandem C-C/C-C bond-forming reactions with tosylhydrazones: synthesis of spirocycles with extended π-conjugation.

A new Pd-catalyzed autotandem process is presented by the reaction of tosylhydrazones of cyclic ketones and 2,2'-dibromobiphenyls and related systems. The process involves cross-coupling with tosylhydrazone followed by an intramolecular Heck reaction and gives rise to spirocyclic structures. Noteworthy, two C-CAr bonds are formed on the hydrazonic carbon during the process. Depending on the starting dibromide, an array of spirofluorenes, spirodibenzofluorenes, spiroacridines, and spiroanthracenes have been prepared. Thus, this methodology may be applied for the preparation of interesting structures useful in the development of optoelectronic materials.