[Electronystagmography of sudden head impulses (head-only impulsive rotational testing, head thrust test, head impulse test)]. / Registro electronistagmográfico del test de movimientos cefálicos bruscos (head-only impulsive rotational testing, head thrust test, head impulse test).

The basis of the head-thrust test is when a head thrust is done in the horizontal plane, the ipsilateral semicircular canal is the only which gets the gaze stabilization, being the other HSC completely inhibited. In this paper are investigated the ENG records according the test and analyzed the main parameters obtained. As conclusion we admit that the main parameters are the compensating ocular movements amplitude and their latencies.

[Measure of the slow phase angular speed by the trigonometric method]. / Medición de la velocidad angular de fase lenta por método trigonométrico.

We compare trigonometric and traditional systems for nystagmus slow phase speed measures. Results are detailed in Table I. Mean difference between both procedures is 0.88 +/- 0.51 degree/sec. so we conclude that trigonometric system is a reliable method for these measures.

[Caloric surface and assessment of the caloric bithermal test. Toward an intelligent system of vestibular diagnosis]. / La superficie calórica en la valoración de la prueba calórica bitérmica: hacia un sistema inteligente de diagnóstico vestibular.

The theoretical basis for bithermal caloric test assessment by means of caloric surfaces is described. This system supports a computer program for the automatic appraisal of the test, as a first step in the development of our intelligent system for vestibular diagnosis.

[Head-thrust test: its validity as a diagnostic clinical test]. / El test de movimientos cefálicos bruscos (head-thrust test): validación para su uso como prueba diagnóstica clínica.

The head-thrust test is presented as an ideal test to investigate the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex. We review its theoretical basis, and assess it as a diagnostic test with a 22 patient series. Its specificity accounts for 100% and the sensibility for 54%. Would this test substitute in the future the caloric test?

[The head-thrust test (HTT): physiopathological considerations and its clinical use in daily practice]. / El test de movimientos cefálicos bruscos [head-thrust test (HTT)]: consideraciones fisiopatológicas y utilidad en la clínica diaria.

The basis of the head-thrust test is that when a head thrust is made in the horizontal plane, the ipsilateral semicircular channel (SCC) shows gaze stabilization because the homolateral SCC is completely inhibited. This test was studied by electronystagmography and the main parameters, the amplitude and latency of the compensatory ocular movements, were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of this test were estimated in a series of 22 patients. The values were, respectively, 54, 100, 100 and 68%.

[Star-gait measured by craniocorpography: pattenrs, classification, physiopathological considerations and clinical utility]. / La marcha en estrella registrada mediante craneocorpografía: patrones, clasificación, consideraciones fisiopatológicas y utilidad clínica.

The results of craniocorpographic recordings in the Babinski-Weil test are discussed, focusing on the star-shaped variant. The variants of star-shaped gait are defined as posterior, centered, advanced, forward, extreme, and lateral. In 22 healthy individuals and 60 patients, star-shaped gait was the most common deviation. Extreme star-shaped gait was the most frequent variant in the healthy subjects and the backward variant was the most frequent in the patient group.

[CO2 laser surgery in otolaryngology: experience in 1992]. / Aportación al empleo del láser carbónico en otorrinolaringología. Experiencia en el año 1992.

The authors made a retrospective study of patients treated with laser CO2 in 1992 in the ENT. Clinic of the University Hospital of Puerto Real (Cádiz). The following parameters were considered: age, sex, province of origin, nature of the disease, type of surgical intervention, clinical evolutions and results to evaluate the efficacy of laser-therapy, its indications and its application limits. Furthermore, a comparison was made of these data and the their equivalents achieved during the five-year period 1986-1991. Indications, use of the laser CO2 and appropriate power for the pathological process and site of lesions were noted.

[The presence of the Epstein-Barr virus in Waldeyer's lymphatic ring during the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis]. / Presencia del virus de Epstein-Barr en el anillo linfático de Waldeyer durante la fase aguda de la mononucleosis infecciosa.

The aim of our research was to detect the existence of virus Epstein-Barr genome in the palatine- and the nasopharyngeal tonsil obtained from six patients during the acute phase of the infectious mononucleosis. The presence of EBV-DNA was demonstrated with the help of nucleic acid hybridization techniques (Southern-Blot and in situ hybridization) in the two components of the lymphoepithelial ring of the throat. The pathogenesis and the therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed.

[Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in rabbits with hereditary glaucoma associated with hearing loss: morphofunctional correlations]. / Potenciales evocados auditivos del tronco cerebral en el conejo con glaucoma hereditario asociado a hipoacusia: correlación morfofuncional.

32 rabbits suffering from simple hereditary glaucoma were studied from the ophthalmological, otological and histopathological point of view. Gonioscopy, tonometry, ophthalmo- and retinography, otoscopy, tympanometry, ABR and the corresponding histopathological studies of the eye and of the cochlea were performed. The simple hereditary glaucoma seems to be causally related with concomitant hearing loss due to congenital endolymphatic hydrops. Further studies are planed.

[Laryngeal cancer in females. Considerations on a juvenile case]. / Cáncer de laringe en la mujer. Consideraciones sobre un caso juvenil.

The authors commented a case of carcinoma of the larynx in a young non-smoking woman with antecedents of repetitive endolaryngeal traumatisms. The familial and genetic factors were also considered.

[Presence and distribution of HLA-DR, HLA-DP and HLA-DQ transplant antigens in the human tympanum]. / Presencia y distribución de antígenos de trasplante HLA-DR, HLA-DP y HLA-DQ en el tímpano humano.

The present morphological study was designed to investigate the expression of HLA class II subregion gene products on human tympanic membrane. Frozen sections from tympanic membrane of 10 cadavers were studied immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies. Positive reactions could be detected in the epidermal layer and the subepidermal connective tissue layer of the lamina propia. The implications of our findings on the clinical field of tympanic membrane allografting are discussed.

[Embryonary rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear. Apropos of a case]. / Rabdomiosarcoma embrionario de oído medio. A propósito de un caso.

The subject presented for its rarity is a case of rhabdomyosarcoma embryonal ear in girl patient 6 years old. Her clinic first gave a wrong diagnosis of chronic otitis of the middle ear with otorrhea and facial paralysis. A malignant tumour was suspected during the operation. A histopathology study confirmed the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. A review of the literature is made and details given of how often it occurs, and incidence, histopathology types, treatment and prognosis.

[Tuberculosis in current clinical otorhinolaryngology]. / La tuberculosis en la clínica otorrinolaringológica actual.

39 cases of ENT tuberculosis diagnosed in the last 15 years are studied. We review the annual incidence, the distribution by age and sex and the different found localization: oropharyngeal, laryngeal cervical ganglionar, salivary and otical ones. We analyse the concomitance with tuberculous pulmonary lesions and the results of diagnostic explorations: Mantoux, bacilloscopy and biopsy. We discuss the method, diagnostic difficulties, therapeutic behaviour and the consequences of misdiagnosis.

[Auditory brain-stem response and electronystagmographic findings in vestibular neuronitis. Neuronitis or neuritis?]. / Hallazgos ABR y ENG en la neuronitis vestibular. Neuronitis o neuritis?

The authors have studied four cases of vestibular neuronitis. General and special ENT exploration were performed and repeated every month. The observation period was three months. ABR and ENG were used for evaluation. The cochlear part of the VIII cranial nerve ist affected without subjective clinical expression. So the patients were diagnosed as having vestibular neuronitis.

[Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) in the rabbit. Normal patterns]. / Potenciales auditivos evocados del tronco cerebral (BERA) en el conejo. Patrones de normalidad.

Brain stem auditory evoked potentials using skin electrodes have been studied in rabbits. The obtained records are integrated by 6 consecutive waves ranging up to 10 ms. of latency time. The most important, constant and well-performed waves were the I, II and IV waves, which persist until the auditory threshold by 10 dB. The obtained results in 50 ears have been statistically treated. Subsequently, a normal pattern of the BAEP in rabbits has been performed as a base for upcoming papers.

Craniocorpography in the diagnosis and therapeutic indication of endolymphatic hydrops.

The glycerol test helps to establish the differential diagnosis between Ménière's disease and other vertigo disturbances, but the test becomes very long and in its primary form informs us only about the cochlear response to the osmotic changes produced by glycerol in the inner ear, and tells us nothing about the vestibular response. In patients with unilateral endolymphatic hydrops we have performed simultaneously the glycerol test with audiometric and craniocorpographic (CCG) control. The response of the vestibular apparatus to the glycerol becomes evident in 84.5% of cases on average in 30 min. By contrast, the variation in the hearing-threshold appears in only 54% of cases and required on average 60 min. At the same time, CCG is easier and shorter to perform than audiometry, showing five different types of response to glycerol. The combined use of audiometry and CCG allows us to predict with sufficient accuracy the response of the endolymphatic hydrops to the treatment, simplifying the therapeutic indication and the choice of the surgical technique.

Twelve years of experience with cytotoxic therapy in malignant tumors of the neck and head.

Since 1968 we have treated with antiblastic drugs 164 malignant tumors recurrent or incurable by surgery or radiotherapy in 151 cases. Different therapeutic methods were employed. Today we have the possibility of selecting alternative options with incipient or relatively delimited carcinomas, principally the substitution of radical surgery by initial associated physical and chemical treatment, so that if there is a cure the consequences of radical surgery can be avoided. We emphasize the curve of two primary cancers of the uvula with 300 mg bleomycin exclusively and the results observed in oropharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomas by using three intermittent Schabel cycles and 4,000 rad Telecobalt, avoiding a radical surgery.