RESUMO
Risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychiatric, and classroom academic/behavioral problems were examined in 929 students grades 1-6 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Teachers identified ADHD by completing the Vanderbilt ADHD scale. Compared to controls without ADHD, students with ADHD were more likely to have early parental loss, head trauma, motor/language delay, family psychiatric problems, and high family stress. Among those with ADHD, risk factors for psychiatric comorbidity were older age, family psychiatric history, and motor/language delay. Risk factors for impaired academic/behavioral performance were high family stress, family psychiatric problems, and chronic illness. Identifying risk factors for ADHD and common comorbidities associated with this disorder may help parents, teachers and clinicians detect this condition, increasing effective management.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Comportamento Problema , Idoso , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , EstudantesRESUMO
Malaria is one of the top health problems in Yemen. This study was done to evaluate the availabilit and prescribing of antimalarial drugs in Al-Mukalla city, based on the treatment guidelines of the National Malari Control Programme (NMCP). Chloroquine, quinine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine were the most availabl and prescribed antimalarial drugs in all 60 pharmacies (government and private) in the city. Of 42 prescriptions Sanalysed, 54.2% did not comply with NMCP guidelines on appropriate dose and duration, especially those prescribed by GPs: 16.7% contained more than 1 antimalarial drug. More efforts are needed to educate physicians Sabout the NMCP treatment guidelines and to deter pharmacies from random selling of antimalarial drugs.
Assuntos
Antimaláricos/provisão & distribuição , Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Antimaláricos/química , Química Farmacêutica , Combinação de Medicamentos , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Educação Médica Continuada , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/educação , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Farmácias/organização & administração , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Serviços Urbanos de Saúde/organização & administração , IêmenRESUMO
WHO standard indicators of rational drug use, this study analysed 550 prescriptions from 20 health facilities at different levels throughout Hadramout governorate, Yemen. A mean of 2.8 (SD 0.2) drugs were prescribed per prescription, with a low rate of prescribing drugs by generic name (39.2%). The proportion of prescriptions for antibiotics was 66.2%, for injectable drugs 46.0% and for vitamins/tonics 23.6%. The essential drugs list was available in 78.9% of facilities and a high percentage of drugs were prescribed from the list (81.2%). Other official sources of local drug information were less available.
Assuntos
Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicamentos Essenciais/uso terapêutico , Administração de Instituições de Saúde , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais , Países em Desenvolvimento , Serviços de Informação sobre Medicamentos/organização & administração , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicamentos Essenciais/provisão & distribuição , Medicamentos Genéricos/uso terapêutico , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/estatística & dados numéricos , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Política de Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Seleção de Pacientes , Farmacopeias como Assunto , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Organização Mundial da Saúde , IêmenRESUMO
The irrational use of drugs remains a key health problem in many developing countries. Using WHO standard indicators of rational drug use, this study analysed 550 prescriptions from 20 health facilities at different levels throughout Hadramout governorate, Yemen. A mean of 2.8 [SD 0.2] drugs were prescribed per prescription, with a low rate of prescribing drugs by generic name [39.2%]. The proportion of prescriptions for antibiotics was 66.2%, for injectable drugs 46.0% and for vitamins/tonics 23.6%. The essential drugs list was available in 78.9% of facilities and a high percentage of drugs were prescribed from the list [81.2%]. Other official sources of local drug information were less available
Assuntos
Usuários de Drogas , Uso de Medicamentos , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Estudos Transversais , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Revisão de Uso de MedicamentosRESUMO
Malaria is one of the top health problems in Yemen. This study was done to evaluate the availability and prescribing of antimalarial drugs in Al-Mukalla city, based on the treatment guidelines of the National Malaria Control Programme [NMCP]. Chloroquine, quinine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine were the most available and prescribed antimalarial drugs in all 60 pharmacies [government and private] in the city. Of 42 prescriptions analysed, 54.2% did not comply with NMCP guidelines on appropriate dose and duration, especially those prescribed by GPs: 16.7% contained more than 1 antimalarial drug. More efforts are needed to educate physicians about the NMCP treatment guidelines and to deter pharmacies from random selling of antimalarial drugs