RESUMO
This survey was undertaken to determine the extent of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in human breast milk and raw cow's milk in Istanbul, Turkey. Samples of human and raw cow's milk were collected randomly and analyzed for AFM1 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection in which the samples were cleaned up with immunoaffinity columns. In this study, AFM, was detected in 8 (13.1%) of 61 human breast milk samples examined (mean +/- SD level, 5.68 +/- 0.62 ng/liter; range, 5.10 to 6.90 ng/liter) and 20 (33.3%) of 60 raw cow's milk samples examined (range, 5.40 to 300.20 ng/liter). Five (8.3%) of the positive raw cow's milk samples had AFM1 levels (153.52 +/- 100.60 ng/liter; range, 61.20 to 300.20 ng/liter) that were higher than the maximum tolerance limit (0.05 ppb) stipulated by regulations in Turkey and some other countries.
Assuntos
Aflatoxina M1/análise , Leite Humano/química , Leite/química , Animais , Bovinos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , TurquiaAssuntos
Bivalves/química , Metais Pesados/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Bivalves/metabolismo , Monitoramento Ambiental , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Metais Pesados/metabolismo , Frutos do Mar/análise , Turquia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismoAssuntos
Peixes/metabolismo , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Metais Pesados/análise , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Cádmio/análise , Cádmio/metabolismo , Cobre/análise , Cobre/metabolismo , Monitoramento Ambiental , Chumbo/análise , Chumbo/metabolismo , Mercúrio/análise , Mercúrio/metabolismo , Metais Pesados/metabolismo , Oceanos e Mares , Espectrofotometria Atômica , Turquia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismoRESUMO
Levels of five heavy metals [copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni)] were evaluated in liver and muscle tissues of fish (Mugil auratus) collected from the Black Sea at Sinop-Icliman, Turkey. Sampling and analysis methods are described. Variations of heavy metal concentrations with seasons are discussed. Cr and Ni concentrations were below the limits of detection (< 0.05 and 0.1 microg/g dry weight) in all tissues and seasons. Cu, Pb and Cd were detected within these limits, as microg/kg dry weight, in liver tissue: 0.49-1.30, 0.60-1.21 and 0.15-0.50, and in muscle tissue: 0.30-1.00, 0.57-1.12 and 0.10-0.40, respectively. Cu, Pb and Cd concentrations in these tissues were elevated and the highest heavy metal concentrations were found in the liver. While Cu, Pb and Cd concentrations were highest in fish tissues collected in August 2000, the lowest concentrations of these metals were observed in fish tissues collected in May 2000. Pb had the highest level observed in fish tissues. According to the Turkish Food Codex Regulation's residue limits, the cadmium level determined in fish tissues was high (0.1 microg/g) and the lead level, especially in liver tissue, was high in August (1 microg/g), while other metals (Cu, Cr and Ni) were within the maximum residue limits.
