Lung cancer screening using low-dose CT and FDG-PET in liver transplant recipients.

To address the feasibility of implementing a lung cancer screening program in liver transplant recipients (LTR) targeted to detect early-stage lung cancer one hundred twenty-four LTR (89% male, 59.8+/-8.8 y old), who entered the lung cancer screening program at our hospital were reviewed. The results of the diagnostic algorithm using low-dose CT and F-18-fluorodeoxyglycose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) were analyzed. Lung cancer was detected in 12 LTR (9.7%), most of which corresponded to the non-small cell subtype. Two of the 12 lung cancers were detected in the baseline study (prevalence of 1.6%), whereas 10 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer in the follow-up (incidence of 8.1%). Considering all cancers, 10 of 12 (83.3%) were diagnosed at stage I, one cancer was diagnosed at stage IIIA, and another one at stage IV. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of F-18-fluorodeoxyglycose positron emission tomography to detect malignancy in our cohort were 81.8%,100%, 99.3%, 100%, and 99.3%, respectively. A carefully followed multidisciplinary lung cancer screening algorithm in LTR that includes F-18-fluorodeoxyglycose positron emission tomography and low-dose CT allows lung cancer to be diagnosed at an early stage while reducing unnecessary invasive procedures.

Papel actual de las técnicas de imagen en la amiloidosis cardíaca / Current role of imaging techniques in cardiac amyloidosis

La amiloidosis cardíaca (AC) es una enfermedad infradiagnosticada, y si no se trata es rápidamente fatal. Los nuevos tratamientos disponibles aumentan la necesidad de desarrollar métodos diagnósticos no invasivos para su detección precoz y para la monitorización de la respuesta terapéutica. Los hallazgos típicos de la AC en ecocardiografía y resonancia magnética, no son suficientemente específicos para distinguir la AC de cadenas ligeras (AL) de la amiloidosis por transtiretina (ATTR). La captación de un radiofármaco óseo por el miocardio es altamente específica para la AC-ATTR cuando se ha excluido la discrasia de células plasmáticas. Ahora, este método diagnóstico está reemplazando la necesidad de biopsia en muchos pacientes. La detección precoz de la AC, la cuantificación de su carga y la evaluación de la respuesta al tratamiento son los siguientes pasos importantes para que las imágenes avancen en la evaluación y el tratamiento de la AC. (AU)

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an underdiagnosed disease and, if left untreated, rapidly fatal. Emerging therapies for CA increase the urgency of developing non-invasive diagnostic methods for its early detection and for monitoring therapeutic response. Classic imaging features on echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance, although typical for cardiac amyloidosis, are not specific enough to distinguish light chain amyloidosis from transthyretin. Myocardial bone-avid radiotracer uptake is highly specific for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis when plasma cell dyscrasia has been excluded; it is now replacing the need for biopsy in many patients. Detection of early cardiac amyloidosis, quantitation of its burden, and assessment of response to therapy are important next steps for imaging to advance the evaluation and management of cardiac amyloidosis. (AU)

[Current role of imaging techniques in cardiac amyloidosis]. / Papel actual de las técnicas de imagen en la amiloidosis cardíaca.

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an underdiagnosed disease and, if left untreated, rapidly fatal. Emerging therapies for CA increase the urgency of developing non-invasive diagnostic methods for its early detection and for monitoring therapeutic response. Classic imaging features on echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance, although typical for cardiac amyloidosis, are not specific enough to distinguish light chain amyloidosis from transthyretin. Myocardial bone-avid radiotracer uptake is highly specific for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis when plasma cell dyscrasia has been excluded; it is now replacing the need for biopsy in many patients. Detection of early cardiac amyloidosis, quantitation of its burden, and assessment of response to therapy are important next steps for imaging to advance the evaluation and management of cardiac amyloidosis.

Caracterización de la miocarditis por COVID-19 mediante resonancia magnética cardiaca / Cardiac magnetic resonance characterization of COVID-19 myocarditis

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Normativa sobre el manejo del nódulo pulmonar solitario / Guideline on Management of Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

Las recomendaciones que se proponen pretenden ser un instrumento que facilite la toma de decisiones en pacientes con nódulo pulmonar solitario (NPS). Para una decisión óptima hay que incorporar la accesibilidad a las distintas técnicas diagnósticas y las preferencias del paciente. La primera valoración, que incluye la tomografía computarizada torácica, separa a un grupo de pacientes con neoplasia extrapulmonar o muy alto riesgo quirúrgico que requieren manejo individualizado. Otros 2 grupos son los pacientes con NPS de hasta 8 mm y los que tienen NPS subsólido, para los que se establecen recomendaciones específicas. Los NPS mayores de 8 mm se clasifican según su probabilidad de malignidad en baja (menor del 5%) donde se recomienda observación, alta (mayor del 65%) que se manejan con el diagnóstico de presunción de carcinoma en estadio localizado, e intermedia, donde la tomografía de emisión de positrones tiene gran rendimiento para reclasificarlos en alta o baja probabilidad. En los casos de probabilidad de malignidad intermedia o alta puede ser una opción la punción o biopsia transbronquial del nódulo. Se recomienda la observación radiológica con tomografía computarizada de baja radiación y sin contraste en el NPS con baja probabilidad de malignidad, y la resección con videotoracoscopia en los casos no diagnosticados y con probabilidad de malignidad intermedia o alta

The aim of the proposed recommendations is to be a tool to facilitate decision-making in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN). For an optimal decision, accessibility to the different diagnostics techniques and patient preferences need to be incorporated. The first assessment, which includes a chest computed tomography scan, separates a group of patients with extrapulmonary neoplasm or a high surgical risk who require individualized management. Another two groups of patients are patients with SPN up to 8 mm and those who have a subsolid SPN, for which specific recommendations are established. SPNs larger than 8 mm are classified according to their probability of malignancy into low (less than 5%), where observation is recommended, high (higher than 65%), which are managed with a presumptive diagnosis of localized stage carcinoma, and intermediate, where positron emission tomography-computed tomography has high yield for reclassifying them into high or low probability. In cases of intermediate or high probability of malignancy, transbronchial needle aspiration or biopsy of the nodule may be an option. Radiologic observation with low radiation computed tomography without contrast is recommended in SPN with low probability of malignancy, and resection with videothoracoscopy in undiagnosed cases with intermediate or high probability of malignancy

Guideline on management of solitary pulmonary nodule.

The aim of the proposed recommendations is be a tool to facilitate decision-making in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN). For an optimal decision, accessibility to the different diagnostics techniques and patient preferences need to be incorporated. The first assessment, which includes a chest computed tomography scan, separates a group of patients with extrapulmonary neoplasm or a high surgical risk who require individualized management. Another two groups of patients are patients with SPN up to 8mm and those who have a subsolid SPN, for which specific recommendations are established. SPN larger than 8mm are classified according to their probability of malignancy into low (less than 5%), where observation is recommended, high (higher than 65%), which are managed with a presumptive diagnosis of localized stage carcinoma, and intermediate, where positron emission tomography-computed tomography has high yield for reclassifying them into high or low probability. In cases of intermediate or high probability of malignancy, transbronchial needle aspiration or biopsy of the nodule may be an option. Radiologic observation with low radiation computed tomography without contrast is recommended in SPN with low probability of malignancy, and resection with videothoracoscopy in undiagnosed cases with intermediate or high probability of malignancy.

Fijación activa y perforación ventricular: ¿una nueva entidad? / Ventricular perforation and active fixation leads: new entity?

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Utilidad de la tomografía computarizada helicoidal en el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer de pulmón / Advantage of helicoid computerized tomography in early diagnosis of lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most lethal malignant neoplasm worldwide. Screening programs using sputum cytology and chest radiography that have been carried out along these past decades have failed to demonstrate any reduction of the mortality rate due to lung cancer. Nowadays, advances in new forms of technology (low-dose CT) have resuscitated the expectant interest in screening programs. This technique has been shown to have a higher sensitivity for small pulmonary nodules, which is the most common presentation of early lung cancer. Preliminary results of early lung cancer detection programs based on low-dose CT are promising: a high proportion of early non-symptomatic, resectable cancers has been demonstrated in asymptomatic smokers. Nevertheless, well-designed, collaborative studies are needed before obtaining definitive conclusions and making general recommendations to screen individuals at high risk

El cáncer de pulmón es la neoplasia con mayor índice de mortalidad en todo el mundo. Los programas de detección temprana de cáncer de pulmón que se realizaron en la década del '70 empleando radiografía simple de tórax y citología de esputo no demostraron una reducción significativa de la mortalidad específica por esta enfermedad. Los avances tecnológicos (tomografía computarizada helicoidal de baja dosis de radiación) han hecho resurgir el interés por los programas de detección sistemática y los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha son esperanzadores: en fumadores asintomáticos esta técnica permite detectar una proporción alta de tumores resecables en estadio temprano. Sin embargo, es necesario que se desarrollen programas bien diseñados, basados en la colaboración multidisciplinaria, antes de recomendar el cribado del cáncer de pulmón mediante tomografía computarizada torácica de baja dosis de radiación a la población general