RESUMO
Chemo-induced thrombocytopenia is a limiting toxicity among patients receiving temozolomide (TMZ) as first-line treatment for glioblastoma. We aimed to compare early platelet concentration kinetics, hematological safety profile, and impact on survival following the initiation of either the brand-name or a generic TMZ formulation. A retrospective trial was conducted in patients suffering from newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Patients were treated with TMZ at 75 mg/m2 per day during six weeks, concomitantly with radiotherapy. Platelet concentration was collected each week. Primary endpoint was to perform a linear mixed-effect model of platelet concentration kinetic over weeks. A total of 147 patients were included as follows: 96 received the brand-name TMZ, and 51 received a generic TMZ formulation. Exposition to the generic was a significant variable that negatively influenced the platelet kinetics in the radiotherapy and concomitant TMZ phase, P = 0.02. Grade ≥3 chemo-induced thrombocytopenia was more frequent in the generic group: 19.6% [95% CI 8.7-30.5%] vs 3.1% [0-6.6%], P = 0.001. Exposition to the generic formulation of TMZ led to increase early treatment discontinuation due to TMZ-induced thrombocytopenia and was a worsening independent prognostic factor on overall survival: adjusted HR 1.83 [1.21-2.8], P = 0.031. These data suggest that exposition to a generic formulation of TMZ vs the brand-name product is associated with higher early platelet decrease leading to clinically relevant impacts on treatment schedule in glioblastoma. Further prospective trials are needed to confirm these results.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/efeitos adversos , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos Genéricos/efeitos adversos , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Temozolomida/efeitos adversos , Trombocitopenia/induzido quimicamente , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/química , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidade , Composição de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Genéricos/química , Feminino , Glioblastoma/mortalidade , Humanos , Cinética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contagem de Plaquetas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Temozolomida/química , Trombocitopenia/sangue , Trombocitopenia/diagnóstico , Trombocitopenia/mortalidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The study evaluated the stability of three combinations of oxycodone and ketamine diluted in normal saline (NS) after storage for 7â days at 23°C and exposed to light. METHODS: The stability of three mixtures of oxycodone and ketamine (oxycodone 0.4â mg/mL+ketamine 40â mg/mL, oxycodone 10â mg/mL+ketamine 0.1â mg/mL and oxycodone 10â mg/mL+ketamine 40â mg/mL) in NS stored in a polypropylene syringe and a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bag was studied. The physical characteristics, including pH, colour and precipitation, were evaluated. The samples were analysed in triplicate by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS: There was no significant change in the pH values of any solution. No precipitation or change in colour was observed. All formulations maintained more than 95% of the initial concentration of each drug on day 7. No trace of degradation products was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Ketamine (0.1-40â mg/mL) combined with oxycodone (0.4-10â mg/mL) is physically compatible and chemically stable for 7â days when diluted with NS, packaged in polypropylene syringe or PVC bag and stored at 23°C.
RESUMO
Although several studies have evaluated the frequency and consequences of medication errors, few have explored their causes. In particular, nurses' knowledge regarding medications has been evaluated minimally. This survey was conducted to determine how nurses master medications prescribed to their patients to determine problems nurses may have with prescribed drugs and identify possible support tools. A questionnaire was created and presented to nurses in a French cancer center. A majority of the respondents correctly identified pharmaceutical classes and medications, as well as administration and storage conditions. However, side effects, contraindications, and drug-drug interactions were not adequately identified. Nurses reported facing problems mainly related to drug administration, drug storage, and generic drugs and their therapeutic equivalence. Multiple tools are in development to help nurses in these areas. This collaborative study between pharmacy and care wards identifies some difficulties nurses have regarding drugs and will help to establish improvement measures within the hospital.