First report of linezolid dependence in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Linezolid is used to treat infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We describe the first report of linezolid dependence in MRSA. The strain was isolated from a respiratory sample of a cystic fibrosis patient, and it showed a thymidine-dependent small-colony variant phenotype. The effect was not related to any known mechanisms implicated in S. aureus resistance to linezolid. The clinical significance of this phenomenon needs further investigation.

Evaluación del método de difusión en disco de 30 μg de cefoxitina en la detección de resistencia a meticilina en aislamientos seleccionados de Staphylococcus aureus / Evaluation of the cefoxitin 30 μg disk diffusion method for detection of methicillin-resistance in selected Staphylococcus aureus isolates

Los tests de oxacilina habituales pueden fallar en la detección de ciertos casos de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la capacidad del método de difusión en disco de cefoxitina (30 μg) para detectar la resistencia a meticilina en aislados de S. aureus con características atípicas de resistencia. Se estudiaron 53 aislados de S. aureus. La sensibilidad de los mismos se estudió mediante el sistema Vitek, y los tests de oxacilina y de cefoxitina mediante difusión en discos (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI] 2007); la resistencia a oxacilina se confirmó mediante una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) múltiple previamente descrita que permite la identificación de S. aureus y la detección simultánea de resistencia a meticilina. Los aislados mecA positivos que presentaban crecimiento en la zona de inhibición al exponerlos a oxacilina se consideraron heterorresistentes; los que eran mecA negativos pero con sensibilidad intermedia o resistencia a oxacilina se consideraron límite (borderline). Todos los aislados se ensayaron frente al disco de 30 μg de cefoxitina según normas CLSI (sensibilidad: > 22 mm; resistencia: < 21 mm). Las cepas de control para todos los ensayos incluyeron S. aureus resistente a meticilina ATCC 43300 y S. aureus sensible a meticilina ATCC 25923. Los aislados formaron cuatro grupos. Grupo I: 20 aislados multirresistentes, sensibles a oxacilina y mecA negativos; grupo II: 16 aislados con resistencia o sensibilidad intermedia a oxacilina y mecA negativos; grupo III: 11 aislados heterorresistentes y mecA positivos; grupo IV: seis aislados mecA positivos con perfiles atípicos de resistencia (penicilina y oxacilina; ciprofloxacino y eritromicina). Treinta y cinco aislados mecA negativos incluidos en los grupos I y II mostraron zonas de inhibición > 22 mm; un aislado del grupo II mostró un halo de 20 mm. Los 17 aislados mecA positivos de los grupos III y IV mostraron resistencia frente al disco de cefoxitina. Podemos concluir que el método de difusión en disco de cefoxitina de 30 μg es eficiente para la detección de resistencia a meticilina y permite una clara definición de aquellos aislados de S. aureus, incluidos aquellos con características atípicas de resistencia (AU)

Oxacillin tests may fail to detect some methicillin- resistant S. aureus populations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the discriminative capacity of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk diffusion method with a cefoxitin 30 μg disk on S. aureus isolates with unusual phenotypic characteristics of antimicrobial resistance. We studied 53 clinical S. aureus isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of all isolates was routinely studied by the VITEK 2 System (bioMérieux). Methicillin resistance was also studied by CLSI oxacillin method and confirmed by a previously described multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method which permits S. aureus identification and simultaneous detection of methicillin resistance. MecA positive isolates presenting a diffuse growth within the zone of inhibition when exposed to oxacillin were considered heteroresistant; mecA negative, oxacillin intermediate or resistant isolates were considered borderline. All the isolates were tested with a cefoxitin 30 μg disk, according to the CLSI guidelines (susceptibility: > 22 mm; resistance: < 21 mm). Control strains for all assays included MRSA ATCC 43300 and MSSA ATCC 25923. The isolates formed four groups. Group I: 20 multiresistant, oxacillin susceptible and mecA negative isolates; group II: 16 resistant or with intermediate oxacillin susceptibility and mecA negative isolates; group III: 11 heteroresistant and mecA positive isolates; group IV: six mecA positive isolates with atypical resistance profiles (penicillin and oxacillin, or ciprofloxa- cin and erythromycin resistance). Thirty-five mecA negative isolates included in groups I and II showed inhibition zones > 22 mm; one isolate from group II showed 20 mm. The 17 mecA positive isolates from groups III and IV showed resistance to cefoxitin disk. The 30 μg cefoxitin disk diffusion method is proposed as an efficient method for the detection of methicillin resistance and permits a clear determination set S. aureus isolates, even those with atypical antimicrobial characteristics (AU)

Linfadenitis por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis en una paciente joven / Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis lymphadenitis in a young patient

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[The prevalence of enteropathogens in urban day nurseries]. / Prevalencia de enteropatógenos en guarderías urbanas.

BACKGROUND: Survey on the intestinal pathogens prevalence in a population of preschool children attending to the urban day-nurseries. METHODS: Samples of faeces of 408 children and 31 adults, in their charge, were collected. The children were classified per sex, age and kind of day-nursery they were to; data on their physical condition and the faeces characteristics were obtained. RESULTS: Parasites were the enteropathogens, found with the greatest frequency (21% of children and 19% of adults), next were rotavirus (3% of the children's samples and only one case in adults). The cases of a double parasitization only were 0.74% of the total number of the children surveyed (3 children per each case). CONCLUSIONS: The highest prevalence of enteropathogens in children attending to the urban day-nurseries in our community belongs to the group of parasites; rotavirus are a much smaller group and bacterium are only isolated cases.