RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To discern if factors such as organic pathology, sex, duration and/or intensity of drug addiction, alcohol abuse, hepatitis B infection, anorexia with poor food and drink consumption, or disturbance of social and familial networks, are related to an impaired nutritional status in hospitalized drug addicts. DESIGN: Cross-sectional prospective study. SETTING: Detoxication unit and internal medicine unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: 140 drug addicts without acute organic pathology and 18 with acute organic pathology related to drug addiction. The immunological study was compared with a control group composed of 50 healthy and well-nourished individuals (26 women and 24 men), age-matched with our patients. RESULTS: Drug addicts without organic pathology were under-nourished: 92.4% weighed under the mean weight for the population and 55.7% had had a weight loss above 5%. The distribution of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold (TSF) measurement and mid-arm muscle area (MAMA) compared with the percentiles for the population showed a shift towards lower values. We found a high percentage of patients with a high lymphocyte count (55%). Despite the high lymphocyte count, delayed hypersensitivity was depressed in our patients. Of our patients, 66.4% exhibited anorexia at admission. The mean calorific intake was 978 +/- 89 kcal/day in females and 1265 +/- 64 kcal/day in males. However, in most cases, malnutrition (usually marasmus-like malnutrition) was not very severe; only 30% of the drug addicts weighed less than 80% of the mean weight for the population, or admitted to a weight loss above 10%, and by subjective nutritional assessment, only 18% were deeply malnourished. Otherwise, the nutritional status was very poor in drug addicts with acute organic pathology. We also found a worse nutritional status in our patients related to female sex, intensity of drug addiction, anorexia with poor food and drink consumption, and disturbance of the social and familial networks. CONCLUSIONS: Many drug addicts suffer from calorie and protein malnutrition. This mainutrition is related to female sex, intensity of drug addiction, anorexia and poor food and drink consumption, and disturbance of the social and familial links. Acute organic pathology leads to a significant worsening of the nutritional status of drug addicts.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/fisiopatologia , Avaliação Nutricional , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/fisiopatologia , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Alcoolismo/reabilitação , Anorexia/fisiopatologia , Anorexia/psicologia , Anorexia/reabilitação , Cocaína , Ingestão de Energia/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Feminino , Soropositividade para HIV/fisiopatologia , Soropositividade para HIV/psicologia , Soropositividade para HIV/reabilitação , Hepatite B/fisiopatologia , Hepatite B/psicologia , Hepatite B/reabilitação , Dependência de Heroína/fisiopatologia , Dependência de Heroína/psicologia , Dependência de Heroína/reabilitação , Humanos , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Infecções Oportunistas/fisiopatologia , Infecções Oportunistas/psicologia , Infecções Oportunistas/reabilitação , Estudos Prospectivos , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/psicologia , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/reabilitação , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/psicologia , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/reabilitação , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/reabilitação , Redução de Peso/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status of drug addicts without acute organic pathology, in order to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and to discern if early HIV infection is associated with a poor nutritional status in this group of patients. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Detoxication unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: 140 drug addicts without acute organic pathology. 31 patients were HIV+. No one fulfilled the definition of AIDS. RESULTS: We found that drug addicts were undernourished: 92.4% weighed under the mean populational weight and 55.7% had a weight loss above 5%. The distribution of mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold (TSF) and mid arm muscle area (MAMA) was lower than a reference normal population. Food intakes were poor; 66.4% of our patients complained of anorexia on admission. The mean caloric intake was 978 +/- 89 kcal/day in females and 1265 +/- 64 kcal/day in males. The mean protein intakes were 39.3 +/- 3.3 g/day in females (0.76 +/- 0.07 g/kg/day) and 49.7 +/- 2.7 g/day in males (0.77 +/- 0.04 g/kg/day). When we compared nutritional parameters between HIV+ and HIV- patients we found no differences. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional impairment in drugs abusers with early stages of HIV infection should be attributed to drug abuse rather than to HIV infection.
RESUMO
Bone biopsies of 52 histologically confirmed alcoholic cirrhotic patients and 15 age- and sex-matched controls have been histomorphometrically analyzed determining trabecular bone volume (TBV), mineralized bone volume (MBV), and osteoid volume (OV). We also determined serum PTH, 25-OH-D3, calcitonin, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone, T3 and T4, urine cortisol, routine liver function tests, serum and urinary calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. We found a high prevalence of osteoporosis: TBV was significantly lower in cirrhotic patients (T = 7.23, P less than 0.001), 41 of them being in the range of osteoporosis; none of them had osteomalacia. Levels of all the above-mentioned hormones and electrolytes were almost normal, and no correlation was found between them and liver function tests, as occurred with the bone parameters.
