Effect of fish oil and canola oil supplementation on immunological parameters, feed intake, and growth of Holstein calves.

Supplemental n-3 fatty acids (FA) may support better immune responses than n-6 and n-9 FA in dairy calves. The objective was to evaluate the effect of n-3 FA, supplemented as a fish oil product (FO) in the milk replacer (MR), in comparison to n-6 and n-9 FA, supplemented as canola oil (CO), on body weight (BW), daily gain, and immunological parameters of preweaning Holstein calves. The study was conducted from September to December 2019. Calves were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 15; BW = 36.2 ± 1.5 kg; mean ± SEM) supplemented daily with 30 mL of CO and to an experimental group (n = 15; BW = 36.3 ± 1.5 kg) supplemented with 60 g of a product containing 30 g of FO. Both treatments were added to the MR during the morning feeding. All calves were fed 4 L of MR at 12.5% solids at 0700 and 1600 h for wk 1, 6 L from wk 2 to 7, and 3 L once daily (0700 h) during wk 8 until weaning (56 d). Blood samples were collected at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 d of age for serum haptoglobin, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and protectin. Dry matter intake was recorded in all experimental calves daily. Seroneutralization titers to vaccination against viral diseases (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza 3, bovine viral diarrhea, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus) were determined. Mixed models for repeated measures were developed to analyze variables over time. Seroneutralization titers were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The other variables were compared by a generalized linear model. Serum FA profile at 35 d of age showed that FO supported higher concentrations of n-3 FA than CO. Final BW [65.2 vs. 62.0 kg, standard error of the mean (SEM) = 2.1 kg] and average daily gain (0.52 vs. 0.46 kg/d, SEM = 0.1 kg/d) tended to be higher for the FO than the CO group. An interaction of treatment × day for dry matter intake was observed, especially during weaning (2.17 kg vs. 1.94 kg, SEM = 0.158 kg, for FO and CO group, respectively). Blood lactate (mmol/L) was higher in the CO than in the FO group at d 7. Haptoglobin and IL-1ß were higher for the CO group on d 14 than the FO group. The TNF- α concentrations for the FO group were reduced over time, whereas the concentrations in the CO group remained constant. Protectin was higher in the FO group on d 14, but was lower on d 28, 35, and 49. Seroneutralization antibody titers postvaccination for the PI3 virus were higher for the FO than the CO group. In conclusion, calves supplemented with FO had lower concentrations of blood lactate, haptoglobin, IL-1ß and TNF-α than calves supplemented with CO during the study period. The FO supplementation had a higher DMI than CO supplementation. Results of this trial should be interpreted with caution due to the lack of a negative control group as well as the lower birth weight and growth rate observed under heat stress conditions.

Early complications in endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of perioperative complications during endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR) is reported in limited series. The aim of this study is to evaluate a multi-center survey of unexpected intraprocedural critical events of EVAR. METHODS: A questionnaire relative to intraprocedural complications during EVAR was sent to major vascular surgery divisions in Italy. Eleven answered to the survey. The data obtained are relative to 1696 procedures. RESULTS: A wide range of incidence of critical events was observed, from a lower value of 2.7% to a higher value of 68.8% (mean 21.16%). The problems relative to the insertion phase of the delivery system were 7.7%. Endoleaks were reported in 5.5% of cases. Stent graft release was problematic in 0.4% of cases and in another 0.4% there was a problem in shaft retrieval. Unintentional coverage of renal or polar arteries occurred in 0.8% of the procedures ; hypogastric arteries were unwillingly excluded in 2.7% of cases. Aortic or iliac artery rupture had an incidence of 0.7% ; arterial dissection occurred in 0.9%, atheroembolism in 0.5%, lower limb ischemia due to graft limb kinks in 0.7% and to occlusion in 0.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative critical events represent a serious problem only in few cases of EVAR ; they are common but in many cases not predictable ; in most circumstances they can be easily corrected with adjunctive manoeuvres during the same procedure. There is a highly significant correlation between the total workload and the incidence of critical events ; these do not appear to be related to the learning curve.

[The approach to the infradiaphragmatic and adrenal aorta]. / Vie di accesso all'aorta pararenale e sottodiaframmatica.

The progressive selection of the patient reserved to open surgery is determined by the preference of the endovascular option on the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. This fact probably will cause a reduction of the number of cases singularly approachable by the infrarenal way while will prevail the need of control and clamping of the infradiaphragmatic and adrenal aorta. The approach to the infradiaphragmatic and adrenal aorta introduces technical and physiopathologic problems related to the hold interconnection between the vessel and the surrounding structures, particularly those visceral. The choice of the approach is determined by the surgical gesture that is had to perform. The simple supraceliac aortic clamping or the wrapping of bypass on the visceral arteries can be made by an anterior approach, supramesocolic transperitoneal, while the correction of an juxtarenal or adrenal aneurysm can be performed by a submesocolic approach. The extraperitoneal approach offers a complete vision of this part of aorta, without the pancreas or left renal veins interposition, but it allows a bad control of the iliac and right renal arteries. The surgeon has to have familiarity with both the approaches, to be able to perform his own intervention in the simplest and effective way.

Haemodynamic effects of synthetic derivatives of diltiazem on isolated guinea-pig heart.

The substitution of the diltiazem acetyl-group with other chemical structures greatly influences its pharmacological properties as exerted upon the perfused heart. In particular, the substitution with a nicotinic group enhances its capacity of lowering Coronary Perfusion Pressure without the usual secondary effects observable on Heart Rate and Developed Pressure.