RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: According to Spanish health regulations, primary care professionals have the responsibility to carry out health-promoting community activities (CAs). However, in practice, their implementation is not as widespread as it should be. The aims of this study were to identify factors within the team, the community and the professionals that influence the development of these activities and to describe the community interventions in progress. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study is an observational analytical retrospective study. The information will be collected from five Spanish regions: Catalonia, Madrid, the Balearic Islands, Navarra and Aragón. The authors will contact primary care teams (PCTs) and identify the CAs from the previous year. The research team will conduct a peer review whether the inclusion criteria are met. In the health centres where CAs are implemented, the authors will select professionals carrying them out and randomly select an identical number of professionals not doing these activities. In the centres where no CA is implemented, three professionals will be randomly selected. The selected professionals will complete the questionnaires for individual-level variables. Information about the registered population and the PCTs will be collected through questionnaires and secondary sources. OUTCOMES: Variables will be collected from the community, the PCTs, the individual professionals and CAs. ANALYSIS: A descriptive analysis of all the variables will be carried out, along with a bivariate and a logistic regression analysis, with CAs being the primary outcome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Jordi Gol y Gurina Foundation in Barcelona and area 11 in Madrid. The questionnaire distributed to the professionals will be anonymous.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the changes caused by the Law on Tobacco and its consumption in workers who are active smokers. DESIGN: A post-intervention follow up study of a cohort of users. SETTING: Health Centres in Valencia and Majorca. PARTICIPANTS: Users who attended health centres. INTERVENTION: The field work consisted of each patient filling in a case report form with the requested information. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The variables collected were, sex, place of work, education level, number of workers in the company, number of cigarettes smoked. They were told that on the following day they had to count the cigarettes smoked throughout the day, noting whether they had been smoked during or outside working hours. If they smoked during working hours, they reported whether it was inside or outside the workplace. On the following day they were telephoned to let us know the number of cigarettes smoked. This telephone call was repeated at six months and eighteen months. RESULTS: Smoking prevalence and the number of cigarettes smoked in the workplace has been reduced by 9% per month. The variables associated with compliance with the law were education level, the sex of the worker, and the size of the company. CONCLUSIONS: The coming into force of the Tobacco Law has been effective.
Assuntos
Saúde Ocupacional/legislação & jurisprudência , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fumar/legislação & jurisprudência , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , EspanhaRESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar la efectividad de un programa de consejo antitabaco intensivo, sistemático, realizado por profesionales de enfermería.Diseño. Ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado.Emplazamiento. Consultas de medicina y enfermería de atención primaria.Participantes. Fumadores que demandaron asistencia en las consultas de medicina de nuestro centro durante el período de captación, hasta alcanzar el tamaño muestral requerido (125 pacientes). Los criterios de inclusión fueron: edad entre 18 y 70 años, personas que fumaron diariamente durante el último mes cualquier cantidad de cigarrillos y puntuación del test de Richmond > 7.Intervenciones. Los pacientes captados se asignaron de forma aleatoria, según la consulta de la que procedían, al grupo que recibía consejo breve por parte del médico (grupo control [GC]) o al grupo que recibía consejo breve más seguimiento por enfermería (grupo intervención [GI]). En este grupo se programaron visitas de seguimiento hasta 3 meses después de dejar de fumar.Mediciones principales. Abstinencia a los 12 y 24 meses.Resultados. La efectividad de la intervención, considerada como la tasa de abstinencia a los 12 meses, fue del 13,8% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 6,5-24,7) en el GC y del 6,7% (IC del 95%, 1,8-16,2) en el GI, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos.Conclusiones. La efectividad de un programa de consejo antitabaco intensivo realizado por enfermería no es más efectivo que el consejo breve aislado del médico en fumadores atendidos en atención primaria. El consejo breve tiene una mejor relación coste-efectividad que el intensivo
