Experience With Bexarotene to Treat Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: A Study of the Spanish Working Group of Cutaneous Lymphomas. / [Artículo traducido] Experiencia con bexaroteno en linfoma cutáneo de células T: un estudio del Grupo Español de Linfomas Cutáneos (GELC).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bexarotene has been approved to treat advanced stage cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) since 1999. However, very few data have been published on its long-term safety and efficacy profile. The aim of this study is to determine the tolerability to bexarotene and outcomes by collecting the 2nd largest case series to date on its long-term use vs CTCL. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a multicenter retrospective review of 216 patients with mycosis fungoides (174), or Sézary syndrome (42) on a 10-year course of bexarotene alone or in combination with other therapies at 19 tertiary referral teaching hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 133 men (62%) and 83 women (38%) were included, with a mean age of 63.5 year (27-95). A total of 45% were on bexarotene monotherapy for the entire study period, 22% started on bexarotene but eventually received an additional therapy, 13% were on another treatment but eventually received bexarotene while the remaining 20% received a combination therapy since the beginning. The median course of treatment was 20.78 months (1-114); and the overall response rate, 70.3%. Complete and partial response rates were achieved in 26% and 45% of the patients, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated, being the most common toxicities hypertriglyceridemia (79%), hypercholesterolemia (71%), and hypothyroidism (52%). No treatment-related grade 5 adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms bexarotene is a safe and effective therapy for the long-term treatment of CTCL.

Experience With Bexarotene to Treat Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: A Study of the Spanish Working Group of Cutaneous Lymphomas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bexarotene has been approved to treat advanced stage cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) since 1999. However, very few data have been published on its long-term safety and efficacy profile. The aim of this study is to determine the tolerability to bexarotene and outcomes by collecting the 2nd largest case series to date on its long-term use vs CTCL. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a multicenter retrospective review of 216 patients with mycosis fungoides (174), or Sézary syndrome (42) on a 10-year course of bexarotene alone or in combination with other therapies at 19 tertiary referral teaching hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 133 men (62%) and 83 women (38%) were included, with a mean age of 63.5 year (27-95). A total of 45% were on bexarotene monotherapy for the entire study period, 22% started on bexarotene but eventually received an additional therapy, 13% were on another treatment but eventually received bexarotene while the remaining 20% received a combination therapy since the beginning. The median course of treatment was 20.78 months (1-114); and the overall response rate, 70.3%. Complete and partial response rates were achieved in 26% and 45% of the patients, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated, being the most common toxicities hypertriglyceridemia (79%), hypercholesterolemia (71%), and hypothyroidism (52%). No treatment-related grade 5 adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms bexarotene is a safe and effective therapy for the long-term treatment of CTCL.

Effectiveness and safety of brodalumab in the treatment of plaque, scalp and palmoplantar psoriasis: A multicentre retrospective study in a Spanish population.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The data in clinical practice regarding the effectiveness and safety of brodalumab in psoriasis are scarce, especially at scalp and palmoplantar locations. The main objective was the percentage of patients achieving absolute PASI ≤3/ ≤1/ =0 for plaque psoriasis and the percentage of patients achieving an IGA 0-1/IGA 0 for the special locations at Week 52 of treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational retrospective multicentre study in 28 Spanish Hospitals that included adult patients with plaque psoriasis treated with brodalumab, from September 2018 until March 2021. RESULTS: A total of 200 patients were included. The mean baseline PASI was 10.97 (±6.28) with a mean basal scalp (n = 58) and palmoplantar (n = 40) IGA of 2.10 (±0.97) and 2.15 (±1.26), respectively. At Week 52, 93.98%/75.90%/68.67% of patients reached an absolute PASI ≤3/ ≤1/ =0 in plaque psoriasis (n = 83), with a percentage of patients achieving scalp (n = 27) and palmoplantar (n = 19) IGA 0-1/IGA 0 of 96.3%/88.9% and 100%/88.9%, respectively. Fifteen per cent of patients reported any adverse events with candidiasis being the most reported (6%), but only 6% of the adverse events required the withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: Brodalumab demonstrated high PASI and IGA responses and was well tolerated in clinical practice in plaque, scalp and palmoplantar psoriasis.

Imaging manifestations of pulmonary melioidosis: A case series.

Melioidosis is an endemic disease in Southeast Asia and Oceania caused by the gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. We studied 15 adult patients from Colombia with microbiologically diagnosed pulmonary melioidosis. We reviewed 15 chest X-rays and 10 chest computed tomography (CT) studies. Of the 15 patients, 87% met the criteria for acute infection and 13% met the criteria for chronic infection. The most common findings on chest X-rays were consolidation (86%), nodules (26%), and cavitation (20%). On CT studies, consolidation and nodules were observed in 90% of cases; the areas of consolidation were predominantly located in the basal and central zones in 60%. Areas of cavitation were observed in 50%, pleural effusion in 60%, and mediastinal lymph nodes in 30%. In patients with acute pulmonary melioidosis (n=8), the findings observed were nodules (100%), mixed pattern with nodules and consolidation (87%), pleural effusion (88%), and mediastinal lymph nodes (25%). The two patients with chronic pulmonary melioidosis both had cavitation. Acute lung infection with B. Pseudomallei has radiologic manifestations similar to those of pneumonia due to other causes. In areas where the disease is endemic, it is essential to include acute melioidosis in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules and chronic melioidosis in the differential diagnosis of cavitated chronic lung lesions.

Effects of tetracycline, sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone, and lincosamide load in pig slurry on lettuce: Agricultural and human health implications.

The application of pig slurry as fertilizer in agriculture provides nutrients, but it can also contain veterinary medicines, including antibiotic residues (ABs), which can have an ecotoxicological impact on agroecosystems. Furthermore, uptake, translocation, and accumulation of ABs in crops can mobilize them throughout the food chain. This greenhouse study aims to assess AB uptake from soil fertilized with pig slurry and its phenotypical effects on Lactuca sativa L. The plants were cropped in loamy clay soil dosed at 140 kg total N/ha and containing antibiotics (lincomycin, sulfadiazine, oxytetracycline, and enrofloxacin) at different concentration levels (0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg fresh weight, fw). Whereas sulfadiazine (11.8 ng/g fw) was detected in lettuce leaves at the intermediate doses (0.5 mg/kg), lincomycin and its transformation products (hydroxy/sulfate) were only detected at the 50 mg/kg fw dose. In addition, increased AB doses in the pig slurry resulted in decreased lettuce fresh weight and lipid and carbohydrate content and became lethal to lettuce at the highest AB concentrations (500 mg/kg fw). Nevertheless, even at higher doses, the AB content in lettuce following pig-slurry fertilization did not pose any direct significant human health risk (total hazard quotient<0.01). However, the promotion of antimicrobial resistance in humans due to the intake of these vegetables cannot be ruled out.

Manifestaciones radiológicas de la melioidosis pulmonar. Serie de casos / Imaging manifestations of pulmonary melioidosis: a case series

La melioidosis es una enfermedad endémica en el suroeste asiático y Oceanía y está causada por la infección por el bacilo gramnegativo Burkholderia pseudomallei. Se estudian 15 pacientes adultos de Colombia con diagnóstico microbiológico de melioidosis pulmonar. Se revisaron 15 radiografías de tórax y 10 tomografías computarizadas (TC) de tórax. De los 15 pacientes, el 87% tenía criterios de infección aguda y el 13%, de infección crónica. Los hallazgos más frecuentes en la radiografía de tórax fueron: consolidación (86%), nódulos (26%) y cavitación (20%). En la tomografía computarizada se encontraron áreas de consolidación y nódulos en el 90% de los casos. En el 60% de los pacientes, las áreas de consolidación fueron de predominio basal y central. En el 50% de los casos se evidenciaron áreas de cavitación. Se evidenció derrame pleural en el 60% y adenopatías mediastínicas en el 30% de los casos. En los pacientes con presentación aguda (n=8), los hallazgos visualizados incluyeron: nódulos (100%), patrón mixto con nódulos y consolidación (87%), derrame pleural (88%) y adenopatías mediastínicas (25%). Los pacientes con melioidosis crónica (n=2) presentaron cavitación. La infección pulmonar aguda por B. Pseudomallei cursa con manifestaciones radiológicas similares a neumonías de otra etiología. En zonas endémicas debe considerarse la posibilidad de melioidosis aguda en el diagnóstico diferencial de nódulos pulmonares, y de melioidosis crónica en el diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones pulmonares crónicas cavitadas.(AU)

Melioidosis is an endemic disease in Southeast Asia and Oceania caused by the gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. We studied 15 adult patients from Colombia with microbiologically diagnosed pulmonary melioidosis. We reviewed 15 chest X-rays and 10 chest computed tomography (CT) studies. Of the 15 patients, 87% met the criteria for acute infection and 13% met the criteria for chronic infection. The most common findings on chest X-rays were consolidation (86%), nodules (26%), and cavitation (20%). On CT studies, consolidation and nodules were observed in 90% of cases; the areas of consolidation were predominantly located in the basal and central zones in 60%. Areas of cavitation were observed in 50%, pleural effusion in 60%, and mediastinal lymph nodes in 30%. In patients with acute pulmonary melioidosis (n=8), the findings observed were nodules (100%), mixed pattern with nodules and consolidation (87%), pleural effusion (88%), and mediastinal lymph nodes (25%). The two patients with chronic pulmonary melioidosis both had cavitation. Acute lung infection with B. Pseudomallei has radiologic manifestations similar to those of pneumonia due to other causes. In areas where the disease is endemic, it is essential to include acute melioidosis in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules and chronic melioidosis in the differential diagnosis of cavitated chronic lung lesions.(AU)

Occurrence of antibiotics in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) following organic soil fertilisation under plot-scale conditions: Crop and human health implications.

Recent studies have demonstrated the crop uptake of antibiotics (ABs) from soils treated with AB-carrying fertilisers. However, there is a lack of plot-scale studies linking their effects at the agronomic and metabolomic/transcriptomic level to their impact on human health. This paper assesses the plant uptake of 23 ABs following two productive cycles of lettuce and radish cropped with sewage sludge, pig slurry, the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, or chemical fertilisation under plot-scale conditions (32 plots spanning 3-10 m2 each). AB uptake by plants depended on both the vegetable and the AB class and was higher in radish than in lettuce edible parts. Levels ranged from undetectable to up to 76 ng/g (fresh weight). Repetitive organic fertilisation resulted in an increase in the concentration of ABs in lettuce leaves, but not in radish roots. Significant metabolomic and transcriptomic changes were observed following soil fertilisation. Nevertheless, a human health risk assessment indicates that the occurrence of ABs in lettuce or radish edible parts does not pose any risk. To our knowledge, this is the first holistic plot-scale study demonstrating that the use of organic fertilisers containing ABs is safe for crop security and human health.

Claves diagnósticas en el eccema diseminado: experiencia de una unidad de Dermatitis de Contacto (2003-2019) / Diagnostic keys for disseminated eczema: experience of a Dermatitis Contact unit (2003-2019)

El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los diagnósticos de los pacientes con eccema diseminado y analizar los alérgenos implicados en el eccema diseminado por dermatitis alérgica de contacto. Para ello, se analizaron los datos de los pacientes con diagnóstico de eccema diseminado/generalizado a los que se les había realizado anamnesis, exploración física y pruebas epicutáneas en una consulta de Dermatitis de Contacto en el periodo 2003-2019. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue dermatitis alérgica de contacto, seguido de dermatitis atópica, eccema asteatósico y eccema gravitacional. Los alérgenos más frecuentemente implicados en dermatitis de contacto alérgica fueron las isotiazolinonas, los medicamentos tópicos, la parafenilendiamina y las fragancias. La dermatitis alérgica de contacto causó casi la mitad de los casos de eccema diseminado. Por ello, consideramos conveniente que los pacientes con eccema diseminado sean valorados en una Unidad de Contacto y se sometan a la realización de pruebas epicutáneas.(AU)

The aim of this study was to establish the diagnoses of patients with disseminated eczema and analyze the allergens involved in disseminated eczema due to allergic contact dermatitis. We analyzed the data from patients with a diagnosis of disseminated / generalized eczema who had undergone anamnesis, physical examination and patch tests in a Contact Dermatitis consultation from 2003 to 2019. Allergic contact dermatitis was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by atopic dermatitis, asteatotic eczema, and gravitational eczema. The allergens most frequently involved in allergic contact dermatitis were isothiazolinones, topical medications, paraphenylenediamine, and fragrances. Allergic contact dermatitis caused almost half of the cases of disseminated eczema. It would be therefore advisable for patients with disseminated eczema to be assessed at a Contact Dermatitis unit and undergo patch tests.

[Diagnostic keys for disseminated eczema: experience of a Dermatitis Contact unit (2003-2019)].

The aim of this study was to establish the diagnoses of patients with disseminated eczema and analyze the allergens involved in disseminated eczema due to allergic contact dermatitis. We analyzed the data from patients with a diagnosis of disseminated / generalized eczema who had undergone anamnesis, physical examination and patch tests in a Contact Dermatitis consultation from 2003 to 2019. Allergic contact dermatitis was the most frequent diagnosis, folowed by atopic dermatitis, asteatotic eczema, and gravitational eczema. The allergens most frequently involved in allergic contact dermatitis were isothiazolinones, topical medications, paraphenylenediamine, and fragrances. Allergic contact dermatitis caused almost half of the cases of disseminated eczema. It would be therefore advisable for patients with disseminated eczema to be assessed at a Contact Dermatitis unit and undergo patch tests.

Leiomiomas cutáneos: revisión clinicopatológica y epidemiológica / Cutaneous leiomyomas: a clinicpathological and epidemiological review

Fundamento: Los leiomiomas cutáneos, superficiales o suprafasciales, se dividen en tres variantes: piloleiomiomas(PL), angioleiomiomas (AL) y leiomiomas genitales (LG) queincluyen las formas vulvares, escrotales y areolares. El objetivo fue establecer las características clinicohistológicas yla incidencia de cada variante, y las posibles asociacionescon neoplasias internas. Material y métodos: Se revisaron 255 casos de leiomiomascutáneos diagnosticados entre 1982 y 2018 en los serviciosde Anatomía Patológica de tres centros hospitalarios (Navarra y Alicante). Se describieron y compararon variables de-mográficas, clínicas, histológicas e inmunohistoquímicas. Resultados: La incidencia en Navarra de PL fue 4,3 casospor año y millón de habitantes, de AL 20 y de LG 1,4. Lasformas cutáneas suponen aproximadamente el 3,5 % deltotal de leiomiomas. La población con PL sufrió más frecuentemente cáncer de mama (OR = 4,8; IC95%: 1,3-17,4;p = 0,006). Los leiomiomas areolares son de pequeño tamaño, acompañados de dolor local, predominantementefasciculares o sólidos, con muy rara afectación del tejidocelular subcutáneo y escasa atipia. Esto contrasta con elresto de LG, de tamaño medio y rara vez dolorosos, predominantemente nodulares, con frecuente afectación deltejido celular subcutáneo y atipia. Conclusiones: Se aporta información sobre las características clinicohistológicas de las distintas variantes de leio-miomas, según las cuales debería replantearse la clasificación de los leiomiomas areolares fuera del grupo de LG. Sedetectó una asociación entre PL y carcinoma de mama quedeberá confirmarse en futuros estudios para determinar sieste leiomioma constituye un marcador de riesgo de cáncerde mama en mujeres.(AU)

Background: Cutaneous, superficial and or suprafascial leio-myoma are divided into three variants: piloleiomyomas (PL),angioleiomyomas (AL) and genital leiomyomas (GL) that include the vulvar, scrotal and areolar forms. This study setout to establish the clinical and histological characteristicsand incidence of each variant, and any likely associationswith internal neoplasms. Methods: A review was carried out of 255 cases of cutaneous leiomyomas diagnosed between 1982 and 2018 at thePathology departments of three hospitals (Navarra and Alicante). Demographic, clinical, histological and immunohis-tochemical variables were described and compared. Results: The incidence of PL in Navarra was 4.3 cases permillion inhabitants a year, with another 20 cases of AL and1.4 cases of GL. Cutaneous forms make up approximately3.5% of the total leiomyomas. The population with PL suffered more frequently from breast cancer (OR = 4.8; CI 95%:1.3-17.4; p = 0.006). Nipple leiomyomas are small, accompanied by localised pain, and are predominantly fascicularor solid, with very infrequent effect on the subcutaneouscellular tissue and scarce atypia. This makes for a contrastwith the other GLs, which are medium sized and infrequently painful, predominantly nodular, and frequent effect on thesubcutaneous tissue and atypia. Conclusions: The information provided here about the clinical and histological characteristics of the different varietiesof leiomyomas indicate that there is a need to reconsiderthe classification of nipple leiomyomas outside the group ofGLs. An association between PL and breast carcinoma wasdetected, which needs to be confirmed in future studies soas to determine if this leiomyoma is a risk marker for breastcancer.(AU)

[Cutaneous leiomyomas: a clinicpathological and epidemiological review].

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous, superficial and or suprafascial leiomyoma are divided into three variants: piloleiomyomas (PL), angioleiomyomas (AL) and genital leiomyomas (GL) that include the vulvar, scrotal and areolar forms. This study set out to establish the clinical and histological characteristics and incidence of each variant, and any likely associations with internal neoplasms. METHODS: A review was carried out of 255 cases of cutaneous leiomyomas diagnosed between 1982 and 2018 at the Pathology departments of three hospitals (Navarra and Alicante). Demographic, clinical, histological and immunohistochemical variables were described and compared. RESULTS: The incidence of PL in Navarra was 4.3 cases per million inhabitants a year, with another 20 cases of AL and 1.4 cases of GL. Cutaneous forms make up approximately 3.5% of the total leiomyomas. The population with PL suffered more frequently from breast cancer (OR?=?4.8; CI 95%: 1.3-17.4; p?=?0.006). Nipple leiomyomas are small, accompanied by localised pain, and are predominantly fascicular or solid, with very infrequent effect on the subcutaneous cellular tissue and scarce atypia. This makes for a contrast with the other GLs, which are medium sized and infrequently painful, predominantly nodular, and frequent effect on the subcutaneous tissue and atypia. CONCLUSIONS: The information provided here about the clinical and histological characteristics of the different varieties of leiomyomas indicate that there is a need to reconsider the classification of nipple leiomyomas outside the group of GLs. An association between PL and breast carcinoma was detected, which needs to be confirmed in future studies so as to determine if this leiomyoma is a risk marker for breast cancer.

Metabolomic and phenotypic implications of the application of fertilization products containing microcontaminants in lettuce (Lactuca sativa).

Cultivation practice using organic amendments is plausible to ensure global food security. However, plant abiotic stress due to the presence of metals and organic microcontaminants (OMCs) in fertilization products cannot be overlooked. In this study, we monitored lettuce metabolism and phenotypic response following the application of either sewage sludge (SS), the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, swine manure (SM), chemical fertilizers (CF), or no amendment (C) in a greenhouse facility. The experimental set-up consisted of five treatments with five replicates (25 experimental units randomly distributed). All fertilizers were supplied at the equivalent agronomic total nitrogen dose, but the occurrence of trace metals and/or OMCs was greater in the SS and SM than the rest. Non-target metabolomic analysis (high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with partial least squares regression) identified more than 300 plant metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, sugar alcohols, and sugars), 55 of which showed significant changes in their relative abundances depending on the type of amendment. Functional analysis indicated that the use of CF or SS increased the levels of metabolites involved in carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. Therefore, although SS and SM fertilizers had a greater presence of heavy metals and/or OMCs, our results indicate that they did not induce measurable adverse effects in the lettuce phenotype or metabolism. Metabolic changes between fertilizers (CF and SS vs. C and SM) were mainly due to nitrogen availability.

Imaging manifestations of pulmonary melioidosis: a case series. / Manifestaciones radiológicas de la melioidosis pulmonar. Serie de casos.

Melioidosis is an endemic disease in Southeast Asia and Oceania caused by the gram-negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei. We studied 15 adult patients from Colombia with microbiologically diagnosed pulmonary melioidosis. We reviewed 15 chest X-rays and 10 chest computed tomography (CT) studies. Of the 15 patients, 87% met the criteria for acute infection and 13% met the criteria for chronic infection. The most common findings on chest X-rays were consolidation (86%), nodules (26%), and cavitation (20%). On CT studies, consolidation and nodules were observed in 90% of cases; the areas of consolidation were predominantly located in the basal and central zones in 60%. Areas of cavitation were observed in 50%, pleural effusion in 60%, and mediastinal lymph nodes in 30%. In patients with acute pulmonary melioidosis (n=8), the findings observed were nodules (100%), mixed pattern with nodules and consolidation (87%), pleural effusion (88%), and mediastinal lymph nodes (25%). The two patients with chronic pulmonary melioidosis both had cavitation. Acute lung infection with B. Pseudomallei has radiologic manifestations similar to those of pneumonia due to other causes. In areas where the disease is endemic, it is essential to include acute melioidosis in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules and chronic melioidosis in the differential diagnosis of cavitated chronic lung lesions.

Comparison of mathematical and comparative slaughter methodologies for determination of heat production and energy retention in broilers.

Understanding factors affecting ME availability for productive processes is an important step in optimal feed formulation. This study compared a modelling methodology with the comparative slaughter technique (CST) to estimate energy partitioning to heat production and energy retention (RE) and to investigate differences in heat dissipation. At hatch, 50 broilers were randomly allocated in one of 4 pens equipped with a precision feeding station. From day 14 to day 45, they were either fed with a low-ME (3,111 kcal/kg ME) or a high-ME (3,383 kcal/kg ME) diet. At day 19, birds were assigned to pair-feeding in groups of 6 with lead birds eating ad libitum (100%) and follow birds eating at either 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90% of the paired lead's cumulative feed intake. Heat production and RE were estimated by CST and with a nonlinear mixed model explaining daily ME intake (MEI) as a function of metabolic BW and average daily gain (ADG). The energy partitioning model predicted MEI = (145.10 + u) BW0.83 + 1.09 × BW-0.18 × ADG1.19 + Îµ. The model underestimated heat production by 13.4% and overestimated RE by 22.8% compared with the CST. The model was not able to distinguish between net energy for gain values of the diets (1,448 ± 18.5 kcal/kg vs. 1,493 ± 18.0 kcal/kg for the low-ME and high-ME diet, respectively), whereas the CST found a 148 kcal/kg difference between the low-ME and high-ME diets (1,101 ± 22.5 kcal/kg vs. 1,249 ± 22.0 kcal/kg, respectively). The estimates of the net energy for gain values of the 2 diets decreased with increasing feed restriction. The heat increment of feeding did not differ between birds fed with the low- or high-ME diet (26% of MEI). Additional measurements on heat dissipation, physical activity, and immune status indicated that the energetic content of the diet and feed restriction affect some parameters (shank temperature, feeding station visits) but not others (leukocyte counts, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, and immune cell function).

[Dermoscopic signs as predictors of non-response to imiquimod treatment in superficial basal cell carcinoma]. / Criterios dermatoscópicos como predictores de ausencia de respuesta a tratamiento con imiquimod en carcinomas basocelulares superficiales.

BACKGROUND: To describe the dermoscopic features in superficial basal cell carcinoma that are associated with a poor therapeutic response to imiquimod treatment. METHOD: Clinical and dermatoscopic photographs of 56 superficial basal cell carcinomas of different patients were compared retrospectively, assessed in our office for five years and treated with topic 5% imiquimod five days a week for six weeks. The different dermatoscopic signs of the lesions were identified and the association of each of them with the response to treatment was assessed. RESULTS: A total response to treatment was achieved by 69.5% of the lesions of patients treated with imiquimod. Dermatoscopy of responding lesions showed a higher frequency of lesions with in focus gray dots (43.6%) and multiple erosions of less than 2 mm (61.5%), without observing statistically significant differences. Within the group with poor response to treatment, a greater number of lesions were found with the presence of arborizing telangiectasias (58.8%), blue-gray ovoid nests (41.1%), ulceration (58.8%), shiny white-red structureless areas (82.2%) and chrysalis (41.2%). The areas in blue-white veil areas (23.5%) and rainbow pattern (23.5%) were only observed in non-responding lesions. Both groups were similar regarding age, sex, diameter of lesions and frequency of some dermatoscopic signs: fine short telangiectasias, gray blue globules, arc-leaf areas and cart-wheel structures. CONCLUSION: The study identified dermatoscopic criteria that are significantly associated with a worse response to treatment with imiquimod. In contrast, we found no dermatoscopic signs that correlate specifically to a complete response to treatment.