Entomopathogenic fungi with biological control potential against poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae, Arachnida: Dermanyssidae).

The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (Arachnida: Dermanyssidae) is a pest that causes significant economic loss in laying hens for which control methods are limited. In this study, the effects of 20 indigenous fungal strains on poultry red mites in chicken farms were investigated. All experiments were conducted under laboratory condition at 28 ± 1 °C and 80 ± 5% humidity. A screening test showed that Metharizium flavoviride strain As-2 and Beauveria bassiana strain Pa4 had the greatest measured effect on D. gallinae at 1 × 107 conidia/ml 7 days after application. In a subsequent does-response experiment, these strains also caused 92.7% mortality at 1 × 109 conidia/ml within the same period. The LC50 of these strains was 5.5 × 104 (95% CI: 0.8-37.5) conidia/ml for As-2 and 3.2 × 104 (95% CI: 0.4-26.0) conidia/ml for Pa4, and their LT50 were 1.94 and 1.57 days, respectively. The commercial Metarhizium anisopliae bioinsecticide Bio-Storm 1.15% WP, used as a comparator, had LC50 and LT50 1 × 105 (95% CI: 0.1-7.9) conidia/ml and 3.03 (95% CI: 2.4-3.8) days, respectively. It is suggested that mycoacaricides could be developed using the best two fungal strains found in this study (As-2 and Pa4), providing potential for biological control of poultry red mites.

Risk for testicular germ cell tumors and spermatogenesis failure in post-pubertal undescended testes.

PURPOSE: Cryptorchidism is a well-defined risk factor for testicular germ cell tumors, whereas the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Surgical procedures to reposition undescended testicles into the scrotum (orchidopexy) in early childhood are recommended both to increase fertility potential and to reduce the risk of developing testicular tumors. However, treatment in the post-pubertal period is controversial. The aim of this study is to review the histopathology of orchiectomy specimens and determination of spermatogenesis in post-pubertal patients with non-treated cryptorchidism. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed to assess the occurrence of TGCTs and determine spermatogenesis in post-pubertal individuals who underwent inguinal orchiectomy for undescended testis between January 2010 and December 2019. Age at the time of surgery, laterality, location of the undescended testis and pathology results were evaluated. All pathology specimens were reviewed by a blinded pathologist. RESULTS: There were 23 patients in the cohort with a mean age of 21 years (range 13-46 years). All testes were in the inguinal canal. Our results indicated that 1 patient had seminoma. In the histological evaluation of the remaining 22 patients in whom no tumor was detected, normal spermatogenesis was not observed in any patient. Further, seminiferous tubules were not found in 19 patients. Maturation arrest was detected in the remaining 3 patients. CONCLUSION: Testicular germ cell carcinoma was found in 4% of the patients who underwent post-pubertal orchiectomy. In addition, none of the undescended testes had normal spermatogenetic activity. Thus, orchiectomy should be considered in post-pubertal males with unilateral undescended testis that do not need the endocrinological activity of the testis.

Complete genome sequence analysis and genome organization of Dasychira pudibunda nucleopolyhedrovirus (DapuNPV-T1) from Turkey.

The economically important pale tussock moth Dasychira pudibunda L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), known as a beech pest in Europe, primarily inflicts damage on beech leaves. In the present study, we aim to reveal the genome characteristics of Dasychira pudibunda nucleopolyhedrovirus (DapuNPV-T1), which was detected for the first time in Turkey and compare it with the reference genome and other baculovirus genomes. The DapuNPV-T1 genome was determined to be a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule with 136,920 bp and a nucleotide distribution of 54.4% G + C. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the DapuNPV-T1 genome contains 163 open reading frames with more than 150 nucleotides. Fifty-four ORFs of unknown function, 6 homologous regions (hrs), 1 AC-rich region, and 3 bro genes (bro-a, bro-b, and bro-c) were determined in the genome sequence. Comparative analysis with other baculovirus strains revealed distinctions in the DapuNPV-T1 genome based on ORF. The gene parity plot and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that DapuNPV-T1 belongs to the alphabaculovirus group Ib. In addition, the DapuNPV-T1 isolate was found to be close to the nucleopolyhedrovirus Poland isolate in Dasychira pudibunda and Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. With this study, the first genome analysis of DapuNPV from Turkey became the second in the world to enter the literature. Comprehensive information on a wide range of isolates will provide a more detailed overview of baculoviruses and help overcome their shortcomings as biocontrol agents.

The findings of impacted and transmigrated maxillary and mandibular canines: a retrospective cone beam computed tomography study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate the maxillary and mandibular impacted and transmigrant canines, their relationship with neighboring tissues and pathology with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: CBCT data of 217 patients, between January 2018 and December 2019, with a total of 293 impacted canines were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical records were also evaluated. Maxillary or mandibular localization, angulations, transmigration, lateral and premolar tooth resorption, apical dilacerations, pathological formations, presence of persistent deciduous canines and treatment methods were investigated. RESULTS: For 293 impacted canines, 237 were in the maxilla and 56 in the mandible, with this difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). Among the 293 impacted canines, 14 (4.8%) transmigrated canines were detected. From the 14 transmigrant canines, 13 were in the mandible and 1 was in the maxilla. This difference was found statistically significant (P<0.05). Eighteen dentigerous cysts (10 maxilla, 8 mandible) and 4 odontomas (3 maxilla, 1 mandible) were found in impacted canines. For a total of 293 impacted canines, 57 were extracted, 13 were referred to orthodontics and a follow-up decision was made for 223 teeth. CONCLUSIONS: Transmigration incidence is statistically significant, on a higher area of the lower jaw, compared to the upper jaw (P<0.05). In patients with impacted canines, taking CBCT together with a detailed clinical examination is effective in correct treatment planning and in minimizing complications that may occur during surgical extraction.

Does intra-articular injection of tenoxicam after arthrocentesis heal outcomes of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis? A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a degenerative disease and manifests itself with pain and limitation of movement in the jaws. Arthrocentesis alone or in combination with intraarticular injections is one of the most commonly used treatment methods in these patients. The aim of the study is to examine the effectiveness of arthrocentesis plus tenoxicam injection and to compare it with arthrocentesis alone in patients with TMJ-OA. METHODS: Thirty patients with TMJ-OA who were treated randomly with either arthrocentesis plus tenoxicam injection (TX group) or arthrocentesis alone (control group) were examined. Maximum mouth opening (MMO), visual analog scale (VAS) pain values, and joint sounds were the outcome variables, which were evaluated at pre-treatment and at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after treatment. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The gender distribution and mean age were not significantly different between the two groups. Pain values (p < 0.001), MMO (p < 0.001), and joint sounds (p < 0.001) improved significantly in both groups. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of outcome variables [pain (p = 0.085), MMO (p = 0.174), joint sounds (p = 0.131)]. CONCLUSIONS: Arthrocentesis plus tenoxicam injection showed no better outcomes in terms of MMO, pain, and joint sounds compared with arthrocentesis alone in patients with TMJ-OA. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Injection of Tenoxicam Versus Arthrocentesis Alone in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis, NCT05497570. Registered 11 May 2022. Retrospectively registered, https://register. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000CD7A&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0006FC4&ts=6&cx=f3anuq.

Is the expression of placental epithelial and lymphoid markers associated with the perinatal outcomes in preeclampsia?

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association of the epithelial and lymphoid immune markers with the adverse perinatal conditions such as early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) in preeclampsia in the placentae of preeclamptic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 60 pregnant patients were included in this study. The immunohistochemistry method was used to determine the expression levels of CD4, CD8, CD4 / CD8, CD68, P53, MDM2, CK18, CK19, E-cadherin, and ß-catenin. RESULTS: In our study, the increase in E-cadherin expression in the preeclamptic fetal-maternal placental region was associated with EOPE and FGR development preeclampsia and the decrease in the expression of CD4 and CD8, which are involved in the local immunomodulation, was associated with IUFD. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveal that the increase in the expression of CK18, CK19, E-cadherin, and ß-catenin and the decrease in CD4 and CD8 play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

The statuses of HER2 expression and mismatch repair in endometrial clear cell carcinoma.

High-grade endometrial carcinomas (HGEC) are difficult to classify. With the current use of HER2-based therapy in serous carcinoma, a diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma (CCC) has the potential to exclude patients from receiving therapy. Therefore, we examined HER2 expression in our CCC patients. The preparations of 8 patients with CCC who underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and lymph node dissection were re-evaluated. Patients did not have any prior treatment. Histopathologic parameters that were evaluated include cytoplasmic clearing, nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, hobnail architecture, hyalinized cores, hyaline globules, stratification of epithelial lining papillae, or glandular structures, and highly atypical cell layers. Immunohistochemically, HER2, ER, PR, HNF1ß, Napsin A, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 were applied. HER2 staining pattern, ASCO/CAP protocol used for endometrial carcinom was used. HER2 was positive in 3 of our 8 CCC patients (37.5%). While all of our HER2 + cases were Napsin A and HNF1ß positive, MMR proteins were intact and ER and PR were negative. Two patients had wild type p53 and 1 patient had aberrant p53 staining. Considering that there is not always a consensus between SC and CCC, even among gynecopathologists, tumor heterogeneity and different tumor components may exist, and while patients may be diagnosed with CCC and benefit from HER2 therapy, there is also a possibility that they may not benefit from the treatment. The fact that 37.5% of our CCC cases were HER2 + is a finding with strong implications for the therapeutic approach. As a result of our study, in patients with CCC, if MMR is intact and ER-PR is negative, regardless of the p53 staining pattern, HER2 testing may be an objective screening method for patients who are likely to benefit from HER-targeted therapy. Consequently, patients with a diagnosis of CCC can be candidates for future clinical trials of HER2-targeted therapy.

Classification of high-grade endometrium carcinomas using molecular and immunohistochemical methods.

OBJECTIVES: As a result of the integration of molecular changes into the histological classification of cancers, which increases diagnostic repeatability, the differences between the groups become more prominent and targeted therapies gain significance. The most comprehensive molecular study regarding endometrial carcinomas (EC) is The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. According to TCGA, endometrial carcinomas are classified into four molecular prognostic subgroups: copy-number-low/p53-wild-type (p53wt), DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE)-mutated/ultramutated (POLEmt), microsatellite-instability/hypermutated (MSI), and copy-number-high/p53-mutated (p53mt). In this study, we aim to apply the molecular classification to our high-grade endometrial cancer patients, and particularly, to identify our overtreated patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-seven patients diagnosed with high-grade EC in Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine between 2009-2018 were retrospectively evaluated and classified into four subgroups. Primary outcomes of overall and progression-free survival were evaluated for clinical, pathological, and molecular features. Further, all molecular groups were divided into endometroid and non-endometrioid groups, and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were investigated across groups. RESULTS: According to molecular classification, 23 patients (23.7%) were assigned to the MSI group, 21 (21.6%) to the POLEmt group, 40 (41.2%) to the p53mt group, and 13 (13.4%) to the p53wt group. Patients' DFS (p = 0.001) and OS rates (p = 0.001) were significantly different according to their molecular classification. The results of our analyses determined that, in the molecular classification of high-grade ECs, the p53mt group had the poorest prognosis and the POLEmt group had the best prognosis. Tumor size, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), lymph node metastasis, cervical invasion, ovarian invasion and stage showed statistically significant differences based on molecular classification (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of molecular classification in the clinical practice will allow more accurate prognostic prediction and more appropriate treatment planning, particularly as high-grade ECs constitute a heterogenous group with poor prognosis.

Genome Sequencing and Organization of Three Geographically Different Isolates of Nucleopolyhedrovirus from the Gypsy Moth Reveal Significant Genomic Differences.

Background: The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L., Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is a worldwide pest of trees and forests. Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) belongs to the Baculoviridae family and is an insect virus specific to gypsy moth larvae. In this study, we describe the complete genome sequences of three geographically diverse isolates, H2 (China), J2 (Japan), and T3 (Turkey), of Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV). Methods: The genomes of isolates H2, J2, and T3 were subjected to shotgun pyrosequencing using Roche 454 FLX and assembled using Roche GS De Novo Assembler. Comparative analysis of all isolates was performed using bioinformatics methods. Results: The genomes of LdMNPV-H2, J2, and T3 were 164,746, 162,249, and 162,614 bp in size, had GC content of 57.25%, 57.30%, and 57.46%, and contained 162, 165, and 164 putative open reading frames (ORFs ≥ 150 nt), respectively. Comparison between the reference genome LdMNPV-5/6 (AF081810) and the genomes of LdMNPV-H2, J2, and T3 revealed differences in gene content. Compared with LdMNPV-5/6, ORF5, 6, 8, 10, 31, and 67 were absent in LdMNPV-H2, ORF5, 13, and 66 were absent in LdMNPV-J2, and ORF10, 13, 31, and 67 were absent in LdMNPV-T3. In addition, the gene encoding the mucin-like protein (ORF4) was split into two parts in isolates H2 and T3 and designated ORF4a and ORF4b. Phylogenetic analysis grouped isolates H2 and J2 in a different cluster than isolate T3, which is more closely related to the Turkish and Polish isolates. In addition, H2 was found to be closely related to a South Korean LdMNPV isolate. Conclusion: This study provided a more detailed overview of the relationships between different geographic LdMNPV isolates. The results showed remarkable differences between groups at the genome level.

Early-onset basal cell carcinoma; wide case series at a single tertiary center in middle Anatolia.

OBJECTIVE: Although basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is prevalent in the older population, it can be rarely seen in younger people. This study aims to investigate the risk factors and characteristics of BCC in young patients. METHODS: Pathology reports in a single tertiary care institution between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients under the age of 35 who were diagnosed with BCC were included for the analysis. Data were gathered from medical records and pathology reports. Demographic characteristics, accompanying pathologies, and clinical findings of these patients were analyzed. RESULTS: There were a total of 32 patients in our cohort. Out of 32 patients, 20 were female and 12 were male. One male patient and five female patients were younger than 18. An accompanying risk factor (Gorlin syndrome, XP, renal transplantation, etc.) was present in six patients. There were no known additional diseases or risk factors in 26 patients. Metastasis and recurrence were not reported in any of our patients. Contrary to the information in the literature, the patients with BCC at a young age were not found more aggressive in our study. CONCLUSION: Contrary to the information in the literature, the patients with BCC at a young age were not found more aggressive in our study. Understanding the risk factors associated with BCC is essential for designing prevention strategies and favoring early diagnosis. Awareness of early-onset BCC aids in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, BCC should be in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions in the young population. In addition, when we encounter early-onset BCC, we should not forget the accompanying risk factors and syndromes.

Effect of taxifolin on methotrexate-induced oxidative and inflammatory oral mucositis in rats: biochemical and histopathological evaluation.

BACKGROUND: The role of oxidative stress, as well as inflammation in the pathogenesis of methotrexate (MTX)-induced oral mucositis, is a known fact. The anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of taxifolin-the effect we tested against MTX-induced oral mucosal damage-are well known. OBJECTIVE: Evaluating biochemically and histopathologically the effects of taxifolin on methotrexate-induced oral mucosal damage in rats. METHODOLOGY: In the taxifolin+MTX (TMTX) group, 50 mg/kg taxifolin was orally administered to rats by gavage. In the MTX and healthy (HG) groups, normal saline was applied to rats as solvent by the same method. One hour after administration of taxifolin and solvent, 5 mg/kg MTX was orally administered to rats in the MTX and TMTX groups. Taxifolin and methotrexate were administered once a day for 30 days. Macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed on the inner cheek and tongue tissues of rats. These parts were removed after rats were killed with a high-dose anesthesia. RESULTS: Taxifolin with MTX prevented the increase in oxidant and pro-inflammatory parameters, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), interleukin 6 (IL-6), on the inner cheek and tongue tissues of rats. Moreover, taxifolin antagonized the decrease in total glutathione (tGSH). Taxifolin decreased MTX-induced histopathological damage. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that taxifolin may be useful to treat MTX-associated oral mucositis.

Effect of Topical Application and/or Systemic Use of Red Ginseng Extract on Wound Healing in Rats With Experimentally Induced Diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Red ginseng (Rg) is an herbal product that has been used in traditional medicine in Asian and European countries for many years. PURPOSE: To study the effects of Rg extract on wound healing when used systemically, locally, or in combination in rats with experimentally induced diabetes. METHODS: A total of 60 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: saline (control), local Rg (LRg), systemic Rg (SRg), and local + systemic = combined Rg (CRg). A full-thickness wound (2 cm × 1 cm) was created on the back of the rats, and treatment protocols were carried out for 14 days. Wound areas of all rats were measured on days 0 and 14. Tissue samples were taken from the wound areas for histopathologic evaluation of inflammation, epithelialization, and fibrosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD4+, and CD8+ expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Wound contraction measurements were 63.8%, 80.5%, 88.5%, and 86.6% in the control, LRg, SRg and CRg groups, respectively. Although significant differences were observed for all treated groups (LRg, SRg, and CRg) compared with the control group in terms of wound contraction, there was no difference among the treatment groups. VEGF-positive vessel/mm2 was observed 4.00 ± 0.75, 5.93 ± 0.70, 5.93 ± 1.93, and 7.93 ± 0.70 in the control, LRg, SRg and CRg groups, respectively. There was no difference between LRg and SRg in terms of VEGF expression, but there was significant difference for all other groups compared with each other. CONCLUSION: All usage methods of Rg extract increased wound contraction, and differences were observed compared with the control group. However, the authors believe that the combined usage was more effective due to higher VEGF expression levels and lower CD4+:CD8+ ratio.

Correlation of hepatitis B surface antigen expression with clinicopathological and biochemical parameters in liver biopsies: A comprehensive study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic viral B hepatitis (CHB) is a potentially life-threatening liver disease that may progress to liver failure and cirrhosis. Currently, although combinations of different laboratory methods are used in the follow-up and treatment of CHB, the failure of these procedures in some cases has led to the necessity of developing new approaches. In CHB, the intrahepatic expression pattern of viral antigens, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), is related to different phases of inflammation. However, many studies have focused on the intracytoplasmic properties of HBsAg staining, and HBsAg positivity in liver tissue has not been evaluated by objective quantitative methods. AIM: To investigate the relationship of image analysis-based quantitative HBsAg expression and its staining patterns with clinicopathological factors and treatment in CHB. METHODS: A total of 140 liver biopsies from treatment-naïve cases with CHB infection were included in this study. Following diagnosis, all patients were treated with entecavir (0.5 mg) and followed up at three-month intervals. The percentage of immunohistochemical HBsAg (p-HBsAg) expression in the liver was determined in whole tissue sections of biopsies from each case by image analysis. The immunohistochemical staining pattern was also evaluated separately according to 3 different previously defined classifications. RESULTS: A positive correlation between p-HBsAg and serum levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and HBsAg was observed (P < 0.001). The p-HBsAg value was significantly higher in younger patients than in older patients. When the groups were categorized according to the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status in HBeAg-positive cases, p-HBsAg was correlated with HBV DNA, hepatitis activity index (HAI) and fibrosis scores (P < 0.001). In this group, p-HBsAg and HBsAg expression patterns were also correlated with the viral response (VR) and the serological response (SR) (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that p-HBsAg was an independent predictor of either VR or SR (P < 0.001). In HBeAg-negative patients, although HBsAg expression patterns were correlated with both HAI and fibrosis, no relationship was observed among p-HBsAg, clinicopathological factors and VR. CONCLUSION: In pretreatment liver biopsies, the immunohistochemical determination of HBsAg expression by quantitative methods, beyond its distribution within the cell, may be a good predictor of the treatment response, especially in HBeAg-positive cases.

Expression of extracellular matrix proteins nidogen-1 and legumain in endometrial carcinomas.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to comparatively investigate the expressions of nidogen-1 (NID1) and legumain (LGMN) in patients with endometrial cancer, endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, and proliferative endometrium. METHODS: A cross-sectional, single-center study was performed by the obstetrics and gynecology and pathology departments of our institution. The relationships between descriptive data, clinicopathologic information, and immunohistochemical expressions of NID1 and LGMN were investigated. RESULTS: The histological grades of endometrial cancers (n = 124) as classified by FIGO included 1 (41, 21.1%), 2 (48, 24.7%), and 3 (35, 18.0%). The medians and ranges of deep and superficial NID1 expressions were 50.00 (0-285) and 5.00 (0-100), respectively. The intensity of legumain expression was noted as negative (30, 24.2%), mild (16, 12.9%), moderate (27, 21.8%), or strong (51, 41.1%). Median disease-free survival and overall survival were 75.00 (range: 1 to 170) months and 77.00 (range: 1 to 170) months, respectively. Patients with more intense expression of NID1 and LGMN displayed a higher histological grade. These patients were more likely to have a positive peritoneal cytology, larger tumor size, higher tendency for myometrial or lymphovascular invasion, involvement of ovaries, cervix, omentum, as well as lymph node metastasis, and recurrence. CONCLUSION: Our data indicated that the expressions of NID1 and LGMN may have important diagnostic implications in endometrial pathologies. Further studies should be performed to understand the significance of NID1 and LGMN in the pathogenesis of endometrial tumors.

The Importance of Superb Microvascular Imaging for the Differentiation of Malignant Breast Lesions from Benign Lesions.

OBJECTIVE: In this prospective study, the diagnostic performance of the new version of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in differentiating malignant from benign lesions was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety breast lesions were included. During color SMI examination, both free-hand region of interest (ROI) and box ROI were used. Vascular index (VI) values were obtained from the lesion using both types of ROI and from normal breast tissue via box ROI. VI values, monochrome SMI grading and histopathological results were compared. The efficacy of color SMI and monochrome SMI was investigated in differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions. RESULTS: The cut-off value, in the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions with color SMI was 0.50 for box ROI, while it was 0.30 for free-hand ROI. The specificity of VI values obtained with box ROI was higher than that of free-hand ROI when differentiating malignant lesions from benign. Comparison of VI values from a lesion and from normal breast tissue showed that VI values in malignant lesions were significantly higher (p<0.05). The VI values of benign lesions and VI values of normal breast tissue were similar. There was a statistically significant relationship between monochrome SMI grading and the malignancy or benign status of the lesion (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Drawing the lesion circumference free-hand using a free-shape ROI did not enhance the sensitivity and specificity. Contrary to popular belief, a more easy and practical measurement method may be more suitable for SMI examination. It is hoped that this will be one of the earliest studies to assess the clinical performance of the latest version of SMI.

Effect of taxifolin on methotrexate-induced oxidative and inflammatory oral mucositis in rats: biochemical and histopathological evaluation

Abstract The role of oxidative stress, as well as inflammation in the pathogenesis of methotrexate (MTX)-induced oral mucositis, is a known fact. The anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of taxifolin—the effect we tested against MTX-induced oral mucosal damage—are well known. Objective Evaluating biochemically and histopathologically the effects of taxifolin on methotrexate-induced oral mucosal damage in rats. Methodology In the taxifolin+MTX (TMTX) group, 50 mg/kg taxifolin was orally administered to rats by gavage. In the MTX and healthy (HG) groups, normal saline was applied to rats as solvent by the same method. One hour after administration of taxifolin and solvent, 5 mg/kg MTX was orally administered to rats in the MTX and TMTX groups. Taxifolin and methotrexate were administered once a day for 30 days. Macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed on the inner cheek and tongue tissues of rats. These parts were removed after rats were killed with a high-dose anesthesia. Results Taxifolin with MTX prevented the increase in oxidant and pro-inflammatory parameters, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), on the inner cheek and tongue tissues of rats. Moreover, taxifolin antagonized the decrease in total glutathione (tGSH). Taxifolin decreased MTX-induced histopathological damage. Conclusion These findings suggest that taxifolin may be useful to treat MTX-associated oral mucositis.

Results of Excision of Unknown Papillary Neoplasms Detected on Core Biopsy.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to find out valuable parameters that predict the nature of breast papillary lesions before excision, and we compared our results with those in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records and pathology slides of patients diagnosed with papillary neoplasm after undergoing a core-needle biopsy between 2010 and 2020, who, subsequently, underwent surgical excision in a single tertiary care institution. The core biopsy results and pathology results of excision materials were compared with the radiological, pathological, and demographic findings. RESULTS: A total of 51 patients were included in the study. According to the excision results, the patients were divided into two groups: the atypical group, which included 20 patients (39.3%), and the benign group, which included 31 patients (61.7%). The results of the core biopsy showed that the loss of myoepithelial cell layer was identified in 18 patients in the atypical group, while it was present in all patients in the benign group. Tumor sizes were larger and patient ages were older in the atypical group compared with the benign group. No significant difference was found between atypical and benign groups in terms of breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) classification and location (right vs left; central vs peripheral). The upgrade rate was between 0% and 16% in literature, while it was 4% in our study. CONCLUSION: There is no consensus on whether patients diagnosed with papillary neoplasia as a result of core biopsy will undergo excision. According to our results, patients with following criteria should have their lesions excised: those who are advanced in age, those who are diagnosed with a papillary lesion as a result of core biopsies with loss of myoepithelial cell layer, and those who are diagnosed with large-sized lesions without loss of myoepithelial cell layer. Patients diagnosed with small-sized lesions without loss of myoepithelial cell layer and who are young in age are to be followed up without the need for lesion excision. The lesions should be adequately sampled.

Incidental ectopic adrenal cortical tissue: Retrospective analysis of 16 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ectopic adrenal cortical tissue (EACT) and identify clinical, pathological and radiological aspects. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of pathology reports in a single tertiary institution between 2010 and 2020 was conducted. Patients diagnosed with EACT were included for analysis. Demographic characteristics, accompanying pathologies and clinicopathological and radiological findings of these patients were analyzed. RESULTS: There was a total of 17 patients in the cohort. Fifteen were boys and 2 were adults (1 male). The mean diameter of the EACT nodule was 0.25 cm (range 0.2-0.5 cm). All EACTs were incidentally diagnosed. Seven EACTs were diagnosed during an inguinal hernia repair, 6 during orchidopexy, 1 during partial orchiectomy, 2 during orchiectomy and 1 during hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy due to uterine prolapse. DISCUSSION: EACT is a rare entity that is mostly found incidentally during inguinoscrotal interventions. Radiological discrimination of EACT may not be easy and thus, not detected prior to surgery. Clinical significance of EACT is not very well understood, however it tends to be a benign pathology. Although it is more commonly found in children, adults may present with EACT, as well. CONCLUSION: A tiny yellowish nodule detected in the inguinoscrotal region should be suspected for EACT by pediatric urologists, surgeons, and pathologists.

Comparison of single- and double-puncture arthrocentesis for the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders: A six-month, prospective study.

Objective: To compare the efficacies of single- and double-puncture arthrocentesis in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with closed lock (CL).Methods: Arthrocentesis procedures were performed in 32 joints from 32 patients with magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnoses of anterior disc displacement without reduction. The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the surgical procedure received (single-puncture arthrocentesis Type 1 or double-puncture). Maximum mouth opening, pain at rest, pain while chewing, pain at maximum mouth opening, tenderness level, and treatment tolerability were measured. Procedure duration and analgesic required were also considered.Results: The rates of improvement of the outcome variables were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the duration of the single-puncture arthrocentesis technique was significantly longer than the double-puncture (p ˂ 0.0001).Conclusion: Both the single- and double-puncture technique are similarly tolerated and efficacious for the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders.

Genome sequence analysis and organization of the Hyphantria cunea granulovirus (HycuGV-Hc1) from Turkey.

The fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) impacts a wide variety of crops and cultivated broadleaf plant species. The pest is native to North America, was introduced to Europe and has since spread further as far as central Asia. Despite several attempts to control its distribution, the pest continues to spread causing damage all over the world. A naturally occurring baculovirus, Hyphantria cunea granulovirus (HycuGV-Hc1), isolated from the larvae of H. cunea in Turkey appears to have a potential as microbial control agent against this pest. In this report we describe the complete genome sequence and organization of the granulovirus isolate (HycuGV-Hc1) that infects the larval stages and compare it to other baculovirus genomes. The HycuGV-Hc1 genome is a circular double-stranded DNA of 114,825 bp in size with a nucleotide distribution of 39.3% G + C. Bioinformatics analysis predicted 132 putative open reading frames of (ORFs) ≥ 150 nucleotides. There are 24 ORFs with unknown function. Seven homologous repeated regions (hrs) and two bro genes (bro-1 and bro-2) were identified in the genome. Comparison to other baculovirus genomes, HycuGV-Hc1 revealed some differences in gene content and organization. Gene parity plots and phylogenetics confirmed that HycuGV-Hc1 is a Betabaculovirus and is closely related to Plutella xylostella granulovirus. This study expands our knowledge on the genetic variation of HycuGV isolates and provides further novel knowledge on the nature of granuloviruses.