A Case Report and Pediatric Literature Review: Povidone as a Rare Cause of Anaphylaxis in Children.

Background: Povidone, a synthetic polymer commonly used in various products such as antiseptics, cosmetics, and medications, has been associated with allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Despite its widespread use, cases of povidone-induced anaphylaxis, especially in children, are under-recognized. This case report aims to highlight the importance of considering povidone allergy in pediatric patients presenting with anaphylaxis. Case Presentation: We describe a 3-year-old boy who experienced anaphylaxis following the application of povidone-iodine antiseptic solution to a leg wound. He presented with generalized urticaria, angioedema, dyspnea, and cough. Prompt diagnosis and management were initiated in the emergency department. He experienced the second anaphylaxis with povidone-containing eye drops prescribed during an ophthalmology visit. Conclusions: Povidone allergy should be considered in pediatric patients presenting with anaphylaxis, especially those with idiopathic reactions or multiple drug allergies. Clinicians should emphasize patient education on label reading and the provision of adrenaline autoinjectors to prevent life-threatening reactions associated with povidone exposure.

Prognostic potential of copper, zinc, copper/zinc ratio, cobalamin, and serum amyloid A in cats with panleukopenia.

BACKGROUND: Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and the copper/zinc ratio (Cu/Zn), which have been studied in gastrointestinal disorders of humans, may facilitate disease prognosis. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the predictive potential of Cu, Zn, cobalamin, and serum amyloid A (SAA) as prognostic indicators in cats with feline panleukopenia (FPV) on admission. ANIMALS: Client-owned cats diagnosed with FPV and controls. METHODS: Serum Cu and Zn concentrations were assessed using the spectrophotometric method and serum concentrations of SAA and cobalamin were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. RESULTS: On admission, survivor cats with FPV had significantly higher serum Cu and SAA concentrations and Cu/Zn ratios and significantly lower serum Zn and cobalamin concentrations than controls. Furthermore, non-survivor cats with FPV had significantly higher serum Cu and SAA concentrations and Cu/Zn ratios and significantly lower cobalamin concentrations than survivors and controls. Prognostic thresholds were calculated, with positive predictive value (PPV) for survival of 90% for Cu (≥120.3 µg/dL), 90% for Cu/Zn (≥1.34), 90% for cobalamin (≤430.4 pg/mL), and 90% for SAA (≥0.85 mg/L). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Cu (0.93 area under curve [AUC]), Cu/Zn (0.95 AUC), cobalamin (0.98 AUC), and SAA (0.98 AUC) were excellent biomarkers for predicting prognosis in cats with FPV. Their effectiveness, as assessed by sensitivity (100%), specificity (80%), AUC (0.98), and PPV (90%) from receiver operating characteristic analysis, emphasizes the performance of cobalamin and SAA.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 expression levels in pro-inflammatory response in calves with neonatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

The objective of this study was to investigate the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α), serum immunoglobulin profiles (IgG and IgM), and lipid peroxidation status (MDA) in relation to pro-inflammatory cytokines. A case-controlled, prospective, and observational investigation was completed on 85 calves. Total RNA was isolated from whole blood samples of both the SIRS and healthy calves, followed by reverse transcription into cDNA. The resulting cDNAs were mixed with iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix and primers specific to the relevant genes using the Rotor-Gene Q instrument. After the reaction was completed, gene expressions were normalised against ß-actin using the 2-ΔΔCT method. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines namely (IL-1ß [SIRS: 2.15 ± 0.55, Control: 1.13 ± 0.62; P = 0.001], IL-6 [SIRS: 2.82 ± 0.52, Control: 0.91 ± 0.11; P < 0.001], IL-18 [SIRS: 1.92 ± 0.41, Control: 0.99 ± 0.13; P < 0.001], and TNF-α [SIRS: 2.59 ± 0.28, Control: 0.93 ± 0.09; P < 0.001]) and IGF-1 (SIRS: 3.55 ± 0.55, Control: 0.91 ± 0.15; P < 0.001) were up-regulated in calves with SIRS, while serum IgG (SIRS: 4.16 ± 0.26, Control: 1.73 ± 0.17; P < 0.001), IgM (SIRS: 1.55 ± 0.11, Control: 1.09 ± 0.13; P < 0.001), and MDA levels (SIRS: 41.12 ± 3.48, Control: 3.76 ± 0.81; P < 0.001) increased significantly in these calves. Furthermore, significant (P < 0.01) positive correlations were found in calves with SIRS in relation to the expression levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, IGF-1, serum immunoglobulins, and MDA levels. These results suggest that IGF-1 could be a valuable pro-inflammatory marker, considering its high positive correlation with the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) and markers (MDA, IgG, and IgM) in calves with SIRS.