Distribution of fractured bones among children: Experience with the Comprehensive Pediatric AO classification in a children's orthopedic hospital in Bogotá-Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: Fractures in children and adolescents are a public health issue. However, reliable epidemiological descriptions of the South American population must be improved. This study aims to present epidemiological data on fractures from a children's orthopedic hospital in one of the five largest cities in Latin America. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Descriptive epidemiological data from 2015 to 2019 were used to characterize children's fractures. Demographic variables, the number of fractured bones, high-energy trauma findings, fracture characteristics, fingertip injuries, and associated complications discriminated by the type of treatment are presented. Long bone fractures were classified according to the AO classification. All children less than 18 years of age were included. RESULTS: In a population of 3,616 children, 4,596 fractures were identified. More boys than girls sustain a fractured bone, with ratios as high as 6:1 around 15 years old. Distal forearm fractures were the most common (31.9%), followed by distal humerus (20.2%). Most of the complications were related to these two sites of fractures. The OR of complications between surgical and conservative management was 2.86. CONCLUSION: Epidemiological data of fractures from the authors' institution display the usual trending reported in most populations. Gender-related and age-related differences were relevant. Most fractures and complications are related to upper limb low-energy trauma. The most frequent are loss of ROM and loss of reduction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III - retrospective cohort study.

Hirsutismo y estados hiperandrogénicos / Hirsutism and hyperandrogenic states

Este es un artículo de revisión sobre lo que es el hirsutismo. Se expone que la mayor causa está asociada con el ovario poliquístico. Se describe la producción ovárica y suprarrenal de andrógenos en la mujer, las diferentes manifestaciones de hiperandrogenismo, las diversas clasificaciones que hay para el diagnóstico y clasificación clínica del hirsutismo y el papel que juega la 5-alfa-reductasa. Se postulan las principales etiologías, el diagnóstico y el manejo de esta patología.

This es a review article about what is hirsutism. It is exposed that the greatest cause associated is polycystic ovary. Ovarian and adrenal androgen production are described, the different manifestations of hyperandrogenism, the different classification systems for diagnosis and clinical classification of hirsutism and the role of 5-alfa-reductase. The main etiologies are postulated, as well as diagnosis and management of this pathology.