Effect of antioxidants on adhesive bond strength to bleached enamel.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of antioxidants (ATX) resveratrol, winter's bark, green tea and yerba mate on the bond strength between bleached enamel and the nanohybrid composite resin. METHODOLOGY: Bovine incisor crowns (n = 132) were randomly divided into 22 groups (n = 6) according to the application times (5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min) of each antioxidant. Teeth restored without previous bleaching or ATX constituted the non-bleached control group (NB Ctrl) (n = 6), and teeth restored after bleaching and without ATX represented the bleached control group (B Ctrl) (n = 6). The 35 % hydrogen peroxide was applied for 45 min (3 application of 15 min) to the buccal enamel surface. ATX was used after bleaching for the specified time of each group and removed with air-water spray. The enamel was etched with 37 % phosphoric acid (30 s) and rinsed with air-water spray. The adhesive resin was applied to the enamel dry surface. Teeth were restored using 1 mm composite resin increments (10 × 10 × 3 mm) and sectioned in test specimens of 6 mm in length and 1 mm2 in cross-sectional area submitted to microtensile bond strength test (0.5 mm/min). The load (N) at failure was recorded, and the bond strength (σt) was calculated (MPa). The fracture area was analyzed under optical microscopy, and failures were classified as cohesive, mixed, or adhesive. Data was evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: B Ctrl group presented lower σt than NB Ctrl (p < 0.001). Applying resveratrol for 5 or 10 min, winter's bark for 10 or 15 min, green tea for less than 15 min, and yerba mate for 15 min provided similar σt between bleached enamel and nanohybrid composite to the control group. CONCLUSION: Restorative procedures performed immediately after tooth bleaching compromises adhesion. Experimental antioxidants applied to bleached enamel can increase the immediate bond strength of restorations performed directly after bleaching, with similar values to those observed in unbleached enamel. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study presents promising results to support the use of antioxidants on the recently bleached enamel to allow adhesive tooth restorations. The immediate bonding obtained using antioxidants was similar to the one achieved in non-bleached enamel in brief application times. Green tea extract and resveratrol were able to restore the bond strength to bleached enamel in a short application time of 5 min. The reduction in the required application time holds the potential to decrease the overall duration of the clinical section, offering clinical advantages and improving the feasibility of using antioxidants on the bleached enamel prior to adhesive procedures.

Dominance of photo over chromatic acclimation strategies by habitat-forming mesophotic red algae.

Red coralline algae are the deepest living macroalgae, capable of creating spatially complex reefs from the intertidal to 100+ m depth with global ecological and biogeochemical significance. How these algae maintain photosynthetic function under increasingly limiting light intensity and spectral availability is key to explaining their large depth distribution. Here, we investigated the photo- and chromatic acclimation and morphological change of free-living red coralline algae towards mesophotic depths in the Fernando do Noronha archipelago, Brazil. From 13 to 86 m depth, thalli tended to become smaller and less complex. We observed a dominance of the photo-acclimatory response, characterized by an increase in photosynthetic efficiency and a decrease in maximum electron transport rate. Chromatic acclimation was generally stable across the euphotic-mesophotic transition with no clear depth trend. Taxonomic comparisons suggest these photosynthetic strategies are conserved to at least the Order level. Light saturation necessitated the use of photoprotection to 65 m depth, while optimal light levels were met at 86 m. Changes to the light environment (e.g. reduced water clarity) due to human activities therefore places these mesophotic algae at risk of light limitation, necessitating the importance of maintaining good water quality for the conservation and protection of mesophotic habitats.

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in milk of dairy cows from southern Brazil.

Consumption of unpasteurized cow's milk may be a transmission route for some pathogenic microorganisms, but there is little information about the risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Blood and milk samples were collected in a paired and random fashion from 106 dairy cows and bulk-tank milk samples were also collected from each of the six farms, in southern Brazil. Serum anti-T.gondii antibodies (IgG) were detected by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) with a cutoff point of 1:64. Nested PCR targeting the ITS1 was performed on milk samples to detect the Sarcocystidae family, confirmed to be T.gondii by Sanger sequencing. The occurrence of anti-T.gondii antibodies in the herds was 14.1%, (15/106) with seropositive cows in all herds. Antibody titers in positive samples ranged from 64 to 128. T.gondii DNA was detected in 2.8% (03/106) of the milk samples. The ITS1 sequences generated in this study were ON809793 - ON809794 and the sequencing revealed 98-100% identity with T. gondii DNA sequences deposited in GenBank. All cows PCR positive for T.gondii in milk were negative for IgG antibodies in serum, suggesting that naturally infected cows may shed T. gondii in milk in the acute phase of infection. The results of this study demonstrate that T. gondii DNA may be detected in raw cow's milk, so the potential risks of lactogenic infection should be considered. The presence of T. gondii DNA in milk does not confirm that the protozoa are viable and infective, and further investigations into the role of cow's milk in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis are needed.

Augmented Reality in Neurosurgery, State of Art and Future Projections. A Systematic Review.

Background: The use of augmented reality (AR) is growing in medical education, in particular, in radiology and surgery. AR has the potential to become a strategic component of neurosurgical training courses. In fact, over the years, there has been a progressive increase in the application of AR in the various fields of neurosurgery. In this study, the authors aim to define the diffusion of these augmented reality systems in recent years. This study describes future trends in augmented reality for neurosurgeons. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify research published from December 1st, 2011 to November 30th, 2021. Electronic databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, and Scopus) were screened. The methodological quality of studies and extracted data were assessed for "augmented reality" and "neurosurgery". The data analysis focused on the geographical distribution, temporal evolution, and topic of augmented reality in neurosurgery. Results: A total of 198 studies have been included. The number of augmented reality applications in the neurosurgical field has increased during the last 10 years. The main topics on which it is mostly applied are spine surgery, neuronavigation, and education. The geographical distribution shows extensive use of augmented reality in the USA, Germany, China, and Canada. North America is the continent that uses augmented reality the most in the training and education of medical students, residents, and surgeons, besides giving the greatest research contribution in spine surgery, brain oncology, and surgical planning. AR is also extensively used in Asia for intraoperative navigation. Nevertheless, augmented reality is still far from reaching Africa and other countries with limited facilities, as no publications could be retrieved from our search. Conclusions: The use of AR is significantly increased in the last 10 years. Nowadays it is mainly used in spine surgery and for neurosurgical education, especially in North America, Europe and China. A continuous growth, also in other aspects of the specialty, is expected in the next future.

Ecosystem engineer morphological traits and taxon identity shape biodiversity across the euphotic-mesophotic transition.

The euphotic-mesophotic transition is characterized by dramatic changes in environmental conditions, which can significantly alter the functioning of ecosystem engineers and the structure of their associated communities. However, the drivers of biodiversity change across the euphotic-mesophotic transition remain unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms affecting the biodiversity-supporting potential of free-living red coralline algae-globally important habitat creators-towards mesophotic depths. Across a 73 m depth gradient, we observed a general decline in macrofaunal biodiversity (fauna abundance, taxon richness and alpha diversity), but an increase in beta-diversity (i.e. variation between assemblages) at the deepest site (86 m depth, where light levels were less than 1% surface irradiance). We identified a gradient in abundance decline rather than distinct ecological shifts, driven by a complex interaction between declining light availability, declining size of the coralline algal host individuals and a changing host taxonomy. However, despite abundance declines, high between-assemblage variability at deeper depths allowed biodiversity-supporting potential to be maintained, highlighting their importance as coastal refugia.

Childhood leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors lack knowledge about their past disease and possible late effects. I-BFM ELTEC study with Chilean and Croatian participation.

PURPOSE: Late effects in childhood cancer survivors are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective was to establish knowledge about the disease, late effects, self-care practices, application of health knowledge/education, sources of information, and biopsychosocial impact of cancer, and compare the results of Chile and Croatia. METHODS: One-hundred-and-seventy-one, 5-year survivors who were treated for leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma responded to a questionnaire (119 in Chile and 52 in Croatia). The questionnaire was reviewed by BFM-ELTEC. RESULTS: Health knowledge about past diagnosis and general treatment had 96% Chilean and 85% Croatian survivors. Ninety percent of Chilean and 73% of Croatian survivors were unaware of possible late effects, and half did not know which specialist to visit for follow-up. Forty-six percent of Chilean and 35% of Croatian survivors knew about healthy lifestyles, but most did not practice them. The 74% of Chileans and 87% of Croatian survivors recalled having received health education during treatment. About 50% of survivors in both groups were afraid or anguish, but it was also a growth experience for 60% of Chilean and 42% of Croatian survivors. Eighty-seven percent Chilean and 77% Croatian survivors considered themselves physically independent, while 76% and 75% felt psychologically independent, respectively. CONCLUSION: A significant lack of knowledge about the specific treatment, late effects, and future health in both countries was detected. They did not achieve significant learning with the education received. Psychological sequelae were found that are important to prevent.

Violência nos relacionamentos amorosos de estudantes universitários / Violence in the love relationships of university students

A violência entre parceiros íntimos traz impactos sobre a saúde mental em diferentes manifestações. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar as manifestações dos comportamentos violentos nos relacionamentos amorosos em estudantes universitários. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, exploratório, descritivo e transversal. Participaram 224 estudantes, homens e mulheres, de uma universidade do Sul do Brasil, os quais responderam a um questionário semiestruturado de comportamentos abusivos. Realizaram-se análises estatísticas descritivas, tais como distribuição de frequência simples, porcentagem e teste-t de Student. Os resultados evidenciaram que não houve diferença significativa nas ocorrências de violência entre os gêneros, mas no tipo de violência praticada, destacando-se a violência psicológica. Os principais fatores desencadeadores dos comportamentos violentos na trajetória relacional dos participantes foram associados ao controle do parceiro, ciúmes, impulsividade e insegurança. Considera-se a importância de a violência conjugal ser compreendida sob uma ótica relacional e transgeracional, a fim de promover medidas preventivas para a qualidade do relacionamento amoroso.(AU)

Violence between intimate partners or conjugal violence has impacts on mental health in different manifestations. Thus, this study had the general objective of analyzing the manifestations of violent behaviors in love relationships in university students. This is a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study. 224 students, men and women, from a university in Southern Brazil participated, who answered a semi-structured questionnaire of abusive behaviors. Descriptive statistical analyzes were performed, such as simple frequency distribution, percentage and Student's t-test. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the occurrences of violence between genders, but in the type of violence practiced, highlighting psychological violence. The main factors that trigger violent behaviors in the participants' relational trajectory were associated with partner control, jealousy, impulsiveness and insecurity. It is considered the importance of conjugal violence to be understood from a relational and transgenerational perspective, in order to promote preventive measures for the quality of the loving relationship.(AU)

Violência conjugal: diferentes olhares epistemológicos e práticas psicoterapêuticas / Marital Violence: different epistemological perspectives and psychotherapeutic practices / Violencia conyugal: diferentes miradas epistemológicas y prácticas psicoterapéuticas

A violência conjugal é considerada um grave problema de saúde pública e tem deixado de ocupar somente o âmbito privado na realidade doméstica brasileira. Diante dos desafios que a temática apresenta, o objetivo deste artigo teórico é discutir a violência conjugal sob diferentes epistemologias, tais como a Teoria do Apego, Psicanálise e sistêmica. Mais precisamente, pretende-se refletir sobre a formação do vínculo conjugal e relações abusivas, problematizar os conceitos que se referem ao fenômeno da violência conjugal e, por fim, apontar estratégias de intervenção terapêutica com casais que possam contribuir para programas de prevenção da violência conjugal. As discussões contempladas neste estudo evidenciaram as diferenças quanto ao tipo de violência perpetrada entre homens e mulheres; bem como problematizaram a natureza relacional e intergeracional do fenômeno e suas implicações para o desenvolvimento afetivo conjugal.

Marital violence is considered a serious public health problem and has ceased to occupy only the private sphere in the Brazilian domestic reality. Faced with the challenges presented by the theme, the objective of this theoretical article is to discuss conjugal violence under different epistemologies, such as attachment theory, psychoanalysis and systemic. More precisely, it is intended to reflect on the formation of conjugal bond and abusive relationships, to problematize the concepts that refer to the phenomenon of conjugal violence, and, finally, to point out therapeutic intervention strategies with couples that may contribute to programs for the prevention of conjugal violence. The discussions contemplated in this study showed the differences regarding the type of violence perpetrated between men and women; as well as problematized the relational and intergenerational nature of the phenomenon and its implications for conjugal affective development.

La violencia conyugal es considerada un grave problema de salud pública y ha dejado de ocupar solamente el ámbito privado en la realidad doméstica brasileña. Frente a los desafíos que la temática presenta, el objetivo de este artículo teórico es discutir la violencia conyugal bajo diferentes epistemologías, tales como la teoría del apego, psicoanálisis y sistémica. Más precisamente, se pretende reflexionar sobre la formación del vínculo conyugal y las relaciones abusivas, problematizar los conceptos que se refieren al fenómeno de la violencia conyugal, y, por último, apuntar estrategias intervención terapéutica con parejas que puedan contribuir a programas de prevención de la violencia conyugal. Las discusiones contempladas en este estudio evidenciaron las diferencias en cuanto al tipo de violencia perpetrada entre hombres y mujeres; así como problematizaron la naturaleza relacional e intergeneracional del fenómeno y sus implicaciones para el desarrollo afectivo conyugal.

Prática esportiva e relacionamento familiar: uma revisão da literatura / Sports practice and family relationship: a literature review

O envolvimento parental pode trazer importantes contribuições no desempenho das práticas esportivas. Assim, objetiva-se analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional da prática esportiva e o relacionamento familiar. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa, cujas bases de dados acessadas foram PsycInfo (APA), Scielo e CAPES, por meio de descritores preestabelecidos, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, no período entre 2015 a 2020. Selecionaram-se 16 artigos completos indexados, os quais foram submetidos a análises metodológicas e de conteúdo, derivando-se três categorias temáticas. Constataram-se as contribuições do esporte no processo de socialização de crianças e adultos, além da integração dos membros familiares no compartilhar de conquistas pessoais, desafios e momentos de lazer. Por outro lado, verificou-se que as expectativas e cobranças parentais podem prejudicar a performance do atleta e seu desenvolvimento pessoal. Sugere-se novos estudos que discutam as práticas esportistas e seus efeitos sobre os processos familiares e intergeracionais.

Parental involvement can make important contributions to the performance of sports practices. Thus, the objective is to analyze the national and international scientific production of sports practice and the family relationship. It is an integrative literature review, whose databases accessed were PsycInfo (APA), Scielo and CAPES, through pre-established descriptors, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, in the period between 2015 to 2020. We selected 16 complete indexed articles, which were submitted to methodological and content analysis, resulting in three thematic categories. The contributions of sport in the socialization process of children and adults were found, in addition to the integration of family members in sharing personal achievements, challenges and leisure moments. On the other hand, it was found that parental expectations and demands can impair the athlete's performance and personal development. New studies are suggested that discuss sports practices and their effects on family and intergenerational processes.

Calcium carbonate production in the southernmost subtropical Atlantic coral reef.

Emerging evidence have been supporting the idea that the better known South Atlantic coral reefs (located between 18°S and 24°S) are now essentially senescent structures that have experienced little or no additional vertical reef growth over the past millennia. This has often coincided with a shift to a dominance of non-coral calcifying organisms becoming the main CaCO3 producers in these high latitude and marginal marine settings. Here, we used Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) and census-based methods to measure non-coral rates of CaCO3 production on the geologically senescent reef and adjacent rhodolith beds within the southernmost subtropical Atlantic reef (i.e., Queimada Grande Reef, QGR). The reef habitat is currently producing CaCO3 at rates of ∼126 g m-2 yr-1. In contrast, fragments of dead corals skeletons deposited adjacent to the reef over the last ∼2000 years are now colonized by crustose coralline red algae. These form a rhodolith bed that produces CaCO3 at rates of 858 g m-2 yr-1. Our results indicate that, whilst not sufficient to promote active net framework accumulation, CaCO3 production by coralline algae and bryozoans on the QGR appears to be sufficient to at least limit net large-scale erosion of the underlying reef structure, allowing the reef structure to persist in a state close to budgetary stasis. Finally, our results are also of relevance for providing insights regarding the balance of CaCO3 production/dissolution/erosion processes in coral reefs, especially in these less understood marginal reefs.

Transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum to lambs in successive pregnancies of naturally infected sheep in Southern Brazil.

This study aims to report the detection of N. caninum DNA in a newborn lamb (1) with neurological signs and congenital neosporosis and in a stillborn lamb (2), both born from the same ewe in a herd of Southern Brazil. The lambs were born during different pregnancies of a Suffolk ewe seropositive to N. caninum and seronegative to T. gondii. Histopathological lesions were observed only in the central nervous system of the lambs. The newborn lamb (1) showed mild and focal gliosis in the frontal lobe. In the hippocampal region of the stillborn lamb (2), lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffs and N. caninum cysts were observed in the cytoplasm of neurons and confirmed by IHC. PCR was performed using brain samples to detect the protozoa N. caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. The infection with N. caninum was confirmed in the newborn lamb (1) by PCR and in the stillborn lamb (2) by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and PCR tests.

Outcomes of screening for gammopathies in children and adults with Gaucher disease type 1 in a cohort from Brazil and the United States.

Multiple myeloma is the most common hematological malignancy in Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1). There is a lack of outcome data and consensus regarding screening of gammopathies. This study explores utility of screening in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and Cincinnati, Ohio. A retrospective analysis of clinical information and laboratory data from GD1 patients was performed. Over 19 years, 68 individuals with GD1 (31 males, 37 females) underwent screening, and 20 (29.4%) had abnormalities. Twelve (17.6%) had polyclonal gammopathy (mean age 24.2 years, p = .02), seven (10%) had monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS; mean age 52.7 years, p = .009). One had multiple myeloma (age 61 years). Risk factors for MGUS included male gender (p = .05), p.N409S allele (p = .032). MGUS developed in six of 62 treated and two of four untreated individuals. Of those with MGUS receiving treatment, four were on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and one on substrate reduction therapy (SRT). Gammopathy normalized in 13 treated individuals (10 polyclonal, three MGUS) and remained abnormal in two treated individuals (two polyclonal, two MGUS). Gammopathy relapse was seen in one individual with MGUS and three with polyclonal gammopathy. This study describes screening for gammopathies and identifies risk factors in individuals with GD1.

Humanizando sentidos entre a psicologia e a enfermagem: relato de intervenção em uma U.T.I / Humanizing signs between psychology and nursing: intervention report in a neonatal intensive care center

O relato de experiência teve como objetivo desenvolver práticas de humanização que promovam a saúde na equipe de Enfermagem de uma UTI Neonatal em um hospital catarinense. Participaram da atividade, sete profissionais; destes, três eram enfermeiros(as) e quatro eram técnicas de Enfermagem. Realizaram-se encontros semanais com duração de uma hora, cujo método estruturou-se em três módulos denominados: Módulo 1: Autocuidado; Módulo 2: Trabalho em Equipe e Módulo 3: Processos reflexivos. Para o alcance dos objetivos estabeleceram-se técnicas de dinâmicas de grupo e rodas de conversa. Os resultados possibilitaram novas reflexões sobre o autoconhecimento, troca de saberes entre os profissionais, bem como estratégias de resolução de conflitos. Sugere-se a continuidade de intervenções que preconizem a humanização, não somente nesse contexto, mas em diversos serviços de assistência à saúde.

The experience report aimed to develop humanization practices that promote health in the Nursing team of a Neonatal ICU in a hospital in Santa Catarina. Seven professionals participated in the activity; of these, three were nurses and four were Nursing techniques. Weekly meetings were held for one hour, and the method was structured in three modules: Module 1: Self-care; Module 2: Teamwork and Module 3: Reflective processes. Techniques of group dynamics and conversation wheels were established to reach the objectives. The results allowed for new reflections on selfknowledge, exchange of knowledge among professionals, as well as conflict resolution strategies. We suggest the continuation of interventions that advocate humanization, not only in this context, but also in several health care services.

Caracterización clínica y microbiológica de episodios de bacteriemia por Streptococcus grupo viridans en niños con cáncer y neutropenia febril de alto riesgo / Clinical characteristics and microbiological profile of viridans group streptococci bacteremia in children with cancer and high-risk febrile neutropenia

Resumen Introducción: Streptococcus grupo viridans (SGV) ha adquirido relevancia como microorganismo causante de neutropenia febril, asociándose a morbilidad significativa. Objetivo: Caracterizar episodios de bacteriemia causados por SGV en niños con cáncer que desarrollaron neutropenia febril de alto riesgo (NFAR) desde abril de 2004 a junio de 2018 en seis hospitales pediátricos de Santiago, Chile. Pacientes y Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de bases de datos de cuatro proyectos FONDECYT sucesivos, prospectivos y multicéntricos, registrando características clínicas y de laboratorio de los pacientes, además de patrón de resistencia antimicrobiana de las cepas aisladas. Resultados: Se registraron 95 episodios de bacteriemia asociada a SGV en 91 niños con NFAR. Destacan: leucemia mieloide aguda como enfermedad de base, neutropenia profunda, hospitalización prolongada (15 días), uso extendido de antimicrobianos (14 días), uso de citarabina en esquemas de quimioterapia (86% episodios). Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron respiratoria y gastrointestinal, asociándose en 26% a síndrome de shock por Streptococcus grupo viridans. Hubo elevada resistencia a β lactámicos, sin cepas no susceptibles a vancomicina. Discusión: SGV es un patógeno relevante en niños con cáncer, fiebre y neutropenia en nuestro medio, asociado a casos de sepsis. La resistencia a β lactámicos es un aspecto que requiere vigilancia epidemiológica estricta en esta población.

Abstract Background: Viridans group streptococci (VGS) has acquired relevance as a microorganism causing febrile neutropenia, associated with significant morbidity. Aim: To characterize episodes of bacteremia caused by VGS in children with cancer who developed high-risk febrile neutropenia (HRFN) during the period from April 2004 to June 2018 in six pediatric hospitals of Santiago, Chile. Method: Database analysis of 4 successive, prospective and multicentric studies recording clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients, as well as antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated strains. Results: 95 episodes of VGS bacteremia in 91 children with HRFN were analyzed. It emphasizes acute myeloid leukemia as cancer type, deep neutropenia, prolonged hospitalization (15 days), with extended use of antimicrobials (14 days) and use of cytarabine in chemotherapy schemes (86% episodes). The most frequent clinical manifestations were respiratory and gastrointestinal, associating up to 26% viridans group shock syndrome. There was high resistance to β lactams. As expected, there were not non-susceptible strains to vancomycin. Discussion: VGS is a relevant microorganism in children with cancer, fever and neutropenia, with a high percentage of sepsis. Resistance to β lactams is an issue that requires strict epidemiological surveillance in this population.

Prevalence of the most common pathogenic variants in three genes for inborn errors of metabolism associated with sudden unexpected death in infancy: a population-based study in south Brazil.

Citrullinemia type 1 (CTLNI), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD), and mut0 methylmalonic acidemia (mut0 MMA) are inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) associated with sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI). Its most common pathogenic variants are: c.1168G>A (CTLNI, ASS1 gene), c.1528G>C (LCHADD, HADHA gene), c.655A>T and c.1106G>A (mut0 MMA, MUT gene). Considering the absence of estimates regarding the incidence of these diseases in Brazil, this study sought to investigate the prevalence of its main pathogenic variants in a healthy population in the southern region of the country. A total of 1,000 healthy subjects from Rio Grande do Sul were included. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. Individuals found to be heterozygous for c.1528G>C underwent further acylcarnitine profile analysis by tandem mass spectrophotometry. Allele and genotype frequencies were calculated considering Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The c.1528G>C variant was detected in heterozygosity in two subjects (carrier frequency = 1:500; allele frequency = 0.001; minimum prevalence of LCHADD = 1: 1,000,000), whose acylcarnitine profiles were normal. Variants c.1168G>A, c.655A>T, and c.1106G>A were not identified. These results denote the rarity of these IEMs in Southern Brazil, highlighting the need to expand the investigation of IEMs in relation to infant morbidity and mortality within the country.

[Clinical characteristics and microbiological profile of viridans group streptococci bacteremia in children with cancer and high-risk febrile neutropenia]. / Caracterización clínica y microbiológica de episodios de bacteriemia por Streptococcus grupo viridans en niños con cáncer y neutropenia febril de alto riesgo.

BACKGROUND: Viridans group streptococci (VGS) has acquired relevance as a microorganism causing febrile neutropenia, associated with significant morbidity. AIM: To characterize episodes of bacteremia caused by VGS in children with cancer who developed high-risk febrile neutropenia (HRFN) during the period from April 2004 to June 2018 in six pediatric hospitals of Santiago, Chile. METHOD: Database analysis of 4 successive, prospective and multicentric studies recording clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients, as well as antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolated strains. RESULTS: 95 episodes of VGS bacteremia in 91 children with HRFN were analyzed. It emphasizes acute myeloid leukemia as cancer type, deep neutropenia, prolonged hospitalization (15 days), with extended use of antimicrobials (14 days) and use of cytarabine in chemotherapy schemes (86% episodes). The most frequent clinical manifestations were respiratory and gastrointestinal, associating up to 26% viridans group shock syndrome. There was high resistance to ß lactams. As expected, there were not non-susceptible strains to vancomycin. DISCUSSION: VGS is a relevant microorganism in children with cancer, fever and neutropenia, with a high percentage of sepsis. Resistance to ß lactams is an issue that requires strict epidemiological surveillance in this population.

Apego e parentalidade sob o enfoque transcultural: uma revisão da literatura / Attachment behavioral and parenting definitions, based on a cross-cultural approach: a review of the literature / Apego y parentalidad desde el enfoque transcultural: una revisión de la literatura

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar sistematicamente a produção científica acerca do apego e a parentalidade sob o enfoque transcultural. Método: Realizou-se o levantamento de produções indexadas, a partir de buscas em bases de dados nacionais -Scielo Brasil- e CAPES -Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-; e internacionais -PsycINFO-, mediante os seguintes descritores: Apego OR Bowlby AND parentalidade OR "relação parental"; Attachment OR Bowlby AND Parenting OR Parenthood; e por fim, Apego OR Bowlby AND Parentalidad OR "Relaciones parentales". Foram considerados os estudos nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, entre o período de 2013 a outubro de 2017. Após a definição dos critérios de inclusão, os cinco artigos retidos foram analisados com base nos aspectos metodológicos (dados da amostra, tipo de abordagem, tipo de estudo e técnica de coleta de dados), e posteriormente, foram submetidos a análise semântica, da qual derivou-se duas categorias temáticas: 1) Fatores que influenciam a formação do apego e a parentalidade e 2) Apego e relações parentais. Resultados: Apontaram-se lacunas existentes no que se refere à produção científica especificamente ao tema elencado; tendo em vista a diversidade de estudos que englobam os sistemas de apego e temas transversais, como apego e desenvolvimento infantil, apego e psicopatologia, apego e maternidade, entre outros. Além disso, não foram encontrados estudos nacionais sobre a temática, assim como pesquisas transculturais a respeito. Em relação ao delineamento dos estudos encontrados, todos caracterizam-se pelo enfoque quantitativo e estudos longitudinais do tipo prospectivosfollow-up. As técnicas de coleta de dados que mais se sobressaíram foram a Entrevista de Apego Adulto (AAI), seguida da Situação Estranha em pesquisas com amostras infantis. Conclusão: Destaca-se que a Teoria do Apego necessita estar aberta para a revisão e a consideração das dimensões relacionadas à cultura. Isso implica ajustá-la à diferentes contextos culturais, históricos e sociais. Sugere-se, portanto, o incremento de novos estudos que contemplem a formação do apego, os quais venham disseminar intervenções parentais positivas para o ciclo de vida pessoal e familiar dos sujeitos.

Abstract Objective: This paper aims to analyze systematically the scientific production related to attachment behavioral and parenting based on a cross-cultural approach. Method: A survey of indexed productions based on national databases such as: Scielo Brasil and CAPES -Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel-; and international -PsycINFO-, using the following descriptors: Apego OR Bowlby AND parenting OR "parental relationship"; Attachment OR Bowlby AND Parenting OR Parenthood; and finally, Apego OR Bowlby AND Parentality OR "Parental relationships" was performed. Studies translated into Portuguese, English and Spanish between 2013 and October 2017 were considered. After defining the inclusion criteria, the five retained articles were analyzed based on the methodological aspects (sample data, type of approach, type of study and data collection technique), and afterwards, they were submitted to semantic analysis, from which we derived two thematic categories: 1) Factors that influence the formation of attachment and parenting, and 2) Attachment and parental relationships. Results: Gaps corresponding to the scientific production according to the topics suggested were identified; identifying the diversity of studies related to attachment behavioral systems and cross-cutting themes, such as: child attachment behavioral and development, attachment behavioral and psychopathology, attachment behavioral and motherhood, among others, were taken into account. In addition, there is no national studies based on these topics, as well as cross-cultural surveys. A quantitative approach and prospective longitudinal studies (follow-up) were conducted in these studies. In order to collect the data, Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) followed by The Strange Situation Survey used with children sampled, were highlighted. Conclusion: It should be noted that the Theory of Attachment needs to be open to the review and consideration of dimensions related to culture. This implies adjusting it to different cultural, historical and social contexts. It is suggested, therefore, the increase of new studies that contemplate the formation of attachment, which will disseminate positive parental interventions for the individuals' personal and family life cycle.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar sistemáticamente la producción científica acerca del apego y la parentalidad bajo el enfoque transcultural. Método: Se realizó el levantamiento de producciones indexadas a partir de búsquedas en bases de datos nacionales -Scielo Brasil- y CAPES -Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior-; e internacionales -PsycINFO-, mediante los siguientes descriptores: Apego OR Bowlby AND parentalidad OR "relación parental". Y por último, Apego OR Bowlby AND Parentalidad OR "Relaciones parentales". Se consideraron los estudios en portugués, inglés y español, entre el período de 2013 a octubre de 2017. Después de la definición de los criterios de inclusión, los cinco artículos retenidos se analizaron sobre la base de los aspectos metodológicos (datos de la muestra, tipo de enfoque, tipo de estudio y técnica de recolección de datos), y posteriormente se sometieron al análisis semántico; se derivaron dos categorías temáticas: 1) Factores que influencian la formación del apego y la parentalidad, y 2) Apego y relaciones parentales. Resultados: Se señalaron las lagunas existentes en lo que se refiere a la producción científica específicamente al tema enumerado, identificando la diversidad de estudios que engloban los sistemas de apego y temas transversales, como apego y desarrollo infantil, apego y psicopatología, apego y maternidad, entre otros. Además, no se encontraron estudios nacionales sobre la temática, así como investigaciones transculturales al respecto. En relación al delineamiento de los estudios encontrados, todos se caracterizan por el enfoque cuantitativo y estudios longitudinales del tipo prospectivo follow-up. Las técnicas de recolección de datos que más sobresalieron fueron la Entrevista de Apego Adulto (AAI), seguida de la Situación Extraña en investigaciones con muestras infantiles. Conclusión: Se destaca que la Teoría del Apego necesita estar abierta para la revisión y la consideración de las dimensiones relacionadas a la cultura. Esto implica ajustarla a diferentes contextos culturales, históricos y sociales. Se sugiere, por lo tanto, el incremento de nuevos estudios que contemplen la formación del apego, los cuales vengan a diseminar intervenciones parentales positivas para el ciclo de vida personal y familiar de los sujetos.

O apego desenvolvido na infância e o relacionamento conjugal e parental: Uma revisão da literatura / The attachment developed in childhood and the conjugal and parental relationship: A review of the literature / El apego desarrollado en la infancia y la relación conyugal y parental: Una revisión de la literatura

As relações afetivas na infância repercutem no estilo de apego do indivíduo no decorrer do seu ciclo vital. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o perfil de estudos nacionais e internacionais acerca da relação entre o apego dos membros do casal desenvolvido na infância e o relacionamento conjugal e parental. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura integrativa nas bases de dados PsycInfo, Scielo e CAPES, por meio de descritores preestabelecidos, em português, inglês e espanhol, entre 2013 a 2017. Foram selecionados 32 artigos completos indexados, os quais foram submetidos a análises metodológicas e semânticas, derivando-se três categorias temáticas. Identificou-se a predominância de estudos longitudinais e quantitativos, cujas publicações concentram-se, em grande parte, na América do Norte. Constatou-se também, que pessoas com características de apego inseguro apresentam maior tendência de desenvolver conflito conjugal e baixa qualidade do relacionamento amoroso. Não foi encontrada nenhuma pesquisa que integrasse em um único estudo, a relação estabelecida entre o apego dos membros do casal na infância e suas repercussões sobre os vínculos conjugal e parental. Verifica-se a lacuna de estudos que discutam a teoria do apego em uma perspectiva transgeracional e seus efeitos sobre a vida adulta.(AU)

The affective relationships in infancy have repercussions on the attachment style of the individual during the course of the life cycle. Thus, the aim of this article is to analyze the profile of national and international studies on child attachment and the relationship between parents and children. For this purpose, an integrative literature review was carried out in PsycInfo, Scielo and CAPES databases, with the use of pre-established descriptors in Portuguese, English and Spanish between 2013 to 2017. It was selected 32 complete indexed articles, which were submitted to methodological and semantic analyzes, deriving three thematic categories. The predominance of longitudinal and quantitative studies, whose publications are largely concentrated in North America, has been identified. It was also found that people with characteristics of insecure attachment have a greater tendency to develop conjugal conflict and low quality of the love relationship. No research was found that integrated in a single study, the relationship established between the couple's attachment in childhood and its repercussions on the marital and parental bonds. There is a gap in studies that discuss attachment theory in a transgenerational perspective and its effects on adult life.(AU)

Las relaciones afectivas en la infancia repercuten en el estilo de apego del individuo en el transcurso de su ciclo vital. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el perfil de estudios nacionales e internacionales acerca de la relación entre el apego de los miembros del matrimonio desarrollado en la infancia y la relación conyugal y parental. Por lo tanto, una revisión integradora de la literatura se realizó en las bases de datos PsycINFO, Scielo y capas, a través de descriptores preestablecidos en portugués, Inglés y Español, entre 2013 y 2017. Se seleccionaron 32 artículos completos indexados, que fueron sometidos a análisis metodológicos y semánticos, derivando tres categorías temáticas. Se identificó el predominio de estudios longitudinales y cuantitativos, cuyas publicaciones se concentran, en gran parte en América del Norte. Se constató también, que personas con características de apego inseguro presentan mayor tendencia a desarrollar conflicto conyugal y baja calidad de la relación amorosa. No se encontró ninguna investigación que incluyera en un solo estudio, la relación establecida entre el apego de los miembros de la pareja en la infancia y sus repercusiones sobre los vínculos conyugal y parental. Se verifica la brecha de estudios que discutan la teoría del apego en una perspectiva transgeneracional y sus efectos sobre la vida adulta.(AU)

Viability of Using Glycerin as a Co-substrate in Anaerobic Digestion of Sugarcane Stillage (Vinasse): Effect of Diversified Operational Strategies.

Vinasse, from sugar and ethanol production, stands out as one of the most problematic agroindustry wastes due to its high chemical oxygen demand, large production volume, and recalcitrant compounds. Therefore, the viability of using glycerin as a co-substrate in vinasse anaerobic digestion was tested, to increase process efficiency and biogas productivity. The effect of feeding strategy, influent concentration, cycle length, and temperature were assessed to optimize methane production. Glycerin (1.53% v/v) proved to be a good co-substrate since it increased the overall methane production in co-digestion assays. CH4 productivity enhanced exponentially as influent concentration increased, but when temperature was increased to 35 °C, biogas production was impaired. The highest methane productivity and yield were achieved using fed-batch mode, at 30 °C and at an organic loading rate of 10.1 kg COD m-3 day-1: 139.32 mol CH4 m-3 day-1, 13.86 mol CH4 kg CODapplied, and 15.30 mol CH4 kg CODremoved. Methane was predominantly produced through the hydrogenotrophic route. In order to treat all the vinasse produced by a mid-size sugar and ethanol plant, nine reactors with 7263.4 m3 each would be needed. The energy generated by burning the biogas in boilers would reach approximately 92,000 MW h per season and could save up to US$ 240,000.00 per month in diesel oil demand.

Ações de promoção à saúde em sala de espera: contribuições da psicologia / Promoting health in waiting rooms: psychology contributions

Este artigo descreve um relato de experiência desenvolvido em grupos de sala de espera na Rede Feminina de Combate ao Câncer. O trabalho do psicólogo nas instituições de saúde, e nas salas de espera, possibilita a efetividade da promoção e educação em saúde, sendo assim, o objetivo é apresentar o relato dessa experiência, com vistas à relevância de trabalhos em instituições que priorizam a compreensão integral de saúde e a reflexão de intervenções nesses contextos. Utilizou-se técnicas de dinâmicas de grupo e, posteriormente, prosseguiu-se ao registro do diário de campo. Constata-se que a intervenção realizada possibilitou um espaço de acolhimento e de troca de vivências sobre práticas de saúde. A intervenção com grupos em sala de espera contribuiu à reflexão acerca dos significados e modos de cuidado, para o exercício profissional da Psicologia e para a melhor qualidade dos serviços prestados nas iniciativas em políticas públicas.

This article describes an experience report developed with waiting room groups in the Rede Feminina de Combate ao Câncer. The psychologist work in health institutions and in the waiting rooms of these sites makes effective promotion and health education. Therefore, the aim is to present an account of this experience with a view to the importance of work in institutions that prioritize full understanding of health and reflection interventions in these contexts. Techniques of group dynamics were used and, later, the field diary was followed. It is observed that the intervention made possible a space of reception and exchange of experiences on health practices. The intervention with groups in the waiting room contributed to the reflection about the meanings and modes of care, for the professional practice of Psychology and for the better quality of the services provided within the initiatives in public policies