Interacción del perfil antropométrico y la actividad física con la tensión arterial en niños y adolescentes / Interaction between the anthropometric and physical activity with blood pressure in clidren and adolescents

Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las posibles asociaciones entre el factores de riesgo cardiovascular de niños y adolescentes, en lo que se refiere a la obesidad, la inactividad física y a la hipertensión arterial. Materiales y métodos: La muestra fue constituida de 230 escolares (107 niños y 123 niñas), con edad de 7 a 18 años de una escuela pública estadual de Santa Cruz do Sul/RS. Además de las variables control, sexo y edad, fueron evaluados peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia de la cintura (CC), relación cintura/cadera (RCC), suma de los pliegues cutáneos (EPC), porcentaje de grasa (%G), consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx), y tensión arterial en reposo (TA). Los datos fueron analizados a través del Programa Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), por medio de Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson, Chi-cuadrado y Regresión Lineal Múltiple pelo método Stepwise. Fueron considerados significantes las diferencias con p<0,05, para un intervalo de confianza de 95%.Resultados: Los resultados apuntan que la hipertensión arterial presentó relaciones más fuertes con peso y circunferencia de la cintura, siendo la tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica explicada en 44,8% e 35,2% por la CC, RCQ, ΣPC y edad. Todavía, estudiantes con poca actividad física o con un IM Calto (sobrepeso y la obesidad), tienen mayor porcentaje de hipertensión. Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio sugieren que estudiantes con índices antropométricos y con distribución de gordura elevados, pueden presentar patrones también elevados de tensión arterial. Se resalta, así, la necesidad de profundizar estudios de esa naturaleza, controlando los demás factores de riesgo asociados, con la intención de asegurar una niñez saludable (AU)

Objective: The present study is aimed at identifying the possible associations between cardiovascular risk factors of children and adolescents, with regard to obesity and lack of physical activity and arterial hypertension. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 230 students (107 boys and 123 girls), aged 7 to 18, from a public state school in Santa Cruz do Sul/RS. In addition to the control of the variables, sex and age, other evaluations included weight, height, body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC),waist-hip ratio (WHR), sum of cutaneous creases (SCC), body fat percentage (BF%), maximum consumption of oxygen (VO2max), and arterial oxygen tension (AT). The data were analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), by means of Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, through the stepwise Multiple Linear Regression Approach to “Chi Square” hypotheses. The differences with p<0.005 for a confidence interval of 95% were considered significant. Results: The results show that arterial hypertension presents stronger relations with weight and waist circumference, and the systolic and diastolic arterial tension is explained in 44.8% and 35.2% for the WC, WHR, SCC and age. Yet, students with little physical activity or a high BMI (overweight and obesity), have higher rate of hypertension. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that students with high anthropometric indices and body fat distribution are also likely to present high arterial tension indices. It is therefore emphasized that there is a need to do further studies into this matter, controlling all other associated risk factors, with the intention to assure a healthy childhood (AU)

Long-term repercussions of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on the indices of anxiety, depression, quality of life and physical performance in patients with COPD.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the 24-month effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) on anxiety, depression, quality of life and physical performance of COPD patients. METHODS: Thirty patients with COPD (mean age, 60.8 +/- 10 years; 70% males) participated in a 12-week PRP, which included 24 physical exercise sessions, 24 respiratory rehabilitation sessions, 12 psychotherapy sessions and 3 educational sessions. All patients were evaluated at baseline (pre-PRP), at the end of the treatment (post-PRP) and two years later (current) by means of four instruments: the Beck Anxiety Inventory; the Beck Depression Inventory; Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire; and the six-minute walk test (6MWT). RESULTS: The comparison between the pre-PRP and post-PRP values revealed a significant decrease in the levels of anxiety (pre-PRP: 10.7 +/- 6.3; post-PRP: 5.5 +/- 4.4; p = 0.0005) and depression (pre-PRP: 11.7 +/- 6.8; post-PRP: 6.0 +/- 5.8; p = 0.001), as well as significant improvements in the distance covered on the 6MWT (pre-PRP: 428.6 +/- 75.0 m; post-PRP: 474.9 +/- 86.3 m; p = 0.03) and the quality of life index (pre-PRP: 51.0 +/- 15.9; post-PRP: 34.7 +/- 15.1; p = 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences between the post-PRP and current evaluation values. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits provided by the PRP in terms of the indices of anxiety, depression and quality of life, as well as the improved 6MWT performance, persisted throughout the 24-month study period.

Relação entre a queixa e a presença de perda auditiva entre idosos / Relationship between hearing complaint and hearing loss among older people

Introdução: A presbiacusia é um problema de saúde pública. Apesar de sua alta prevalência, muitos idosos ainda não têm sua audição investigada rotineiramente, por não apresentarem uma queixa específica. Objetivo: Verificar se existe relação entre a queixa e a presença de perda auditiva em idosos. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, em idosos residentes em um bairro na cidade de Canoas, RS. Método: Após a definição dos limites geográficos do bairro, todas as casas foram visitadas, definindo-se em quais residiam idosos e convidando-os a participar da pesquisa. Foi aplicado um questionário, que incluía pergunta sobre queixa de perda auditiva e realizada pesquisa de limiares auditivos por via aérea. Dos 72 idosos identificados, 50 participaram do estudo: 35 (70%) do sexo feminino e 15 (30%) do sexo masculino. Resultados: Constatou-se que somente 12 (24%) tinham queixa específica de perda auditiva, apesar de 33 (66%) apresentarem perdas auditivas de grau leve, moderado, severo e profundo. Conclusão: A análise de dados evidenciou não existir, no grupo avaliado, relação entre a queixa e a presença de perda auditiva, demonstrando a necessidade de encaminhamento dos idosos para avaliação audiológica mesmo quando não há queixa específica.

Introduction: Presbycusis is a public health problem. Despite its high prevalence, many elders do not have their hearing ability investigated periodically, because they do not have a specific complaint. Objective: To check whether there is a relationship between the complaint and the presence of hearing loss in elder people. Method: Transversal study in elders from a neighborhood in the city of Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul. After the definition of the neighborhood's geographic boundaries, all houses were visited, the older people's addresses were ascertained and the invitations to take part in the research were provided. A questionnaire survey was applied which had a question about hearing loss complaint and air-conducted hearing thresholds were obtained and studied. Out of the 72 identified elders 50 elders agreed to participate, 35 (70%) women, and 15 (30%) men. Results: It was confirmed that only 12 (24%) elders showed a specific complaint of hearing loss, although 33 (66%) elders showed slight, moderate, severe and profound hearing losses. Conclusion: Data analysis confirmed there was no relationship between the complaint and the presence of hearing loss in the assessed group, and demonstrated the need to forward the elders for audiological evaluation even without any specific complaint.

Repercussões tardias de um programa de reabilitação pulmonar sobre os índices de ansiedade, depressão, qualidade de vida e desempenho físico em portadores de DPOC / Long-term repercussions of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on the indices of anxiety, depression, quality of life and physical performance in patients with COPD

OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos, após 24 meses, de um programa de reabilitação pulmonar (PRP) sobre os níveis de ansiedade, depressão, qualidade de vida e desempenho físico em pacientes com DPOC. MÉTODOS: Trinta pacientes com DPOC (idade média, 60,8 ± 10 anos; 70 por cento do sexo masculino) participaram de um PRP com 12 semanas de duração, incluindo 24 sessões de exercício físico, 24 sessões de reeducação respiratória, 12 sessões de psicoterapia e 3 sessões educacionais. Os pacientes foram avaliados na linha de base (pré-PRP), ao término do PRP (pós-PRP) e dois anos mais tarde (momento atual) através de quatro instrumentos: Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck; Inventário de Depressão de Beck; Questionário Respiratório do Hospital Saint George; e teste da caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6). RESULTADOS: A comparação entre o pré-PRP e o pós-PRP revelou uma redução significativa dos níveis de ansiedade (pré-PRP: 10,7 ± 6,3; pós-PRP: 5,5 ± 4,4; p = 0,0005) e de depressão (pré-PRP: 11,7 ± 6,8; pós-PRP: 6,0 ± 5,8; p = 0,001), assim como melhoras na distância percorrida no TC6 (pré-PRP: 428,6 ± 75,0 m; pós-PRP: 474,9 ± 86,3 m; p = 0,03) e no índice de qualidade de vida (pré-PRP: 51,0 ± 15,9; pós-PRP: 34,7 ± 15,1; p = 0,0001). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os resultados do pós-PRP e os do momento atual. CONCLUSÕES: Os benefícios obtidos através do PRP sobre os índices de ansiedade, depressão e qualidade de vida, assim como no TC6, persistiram ao longo dos 24 meses.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the 24-month effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) on anxiety, depression, quality of life and physical performance of COPD patients. METHODS: Thirty patients with COPD (mean age, 60.8 ± 10 years; 70 percent males) participated in a 12-week PRP, which included 24 physical exercise sessions, 24 respiratory rehabilitation sessions, 12 psychotherapy sessions and 3 educational sessions. All patients were evaluated at baseline (pre-PRP), at the end of the treatment (post-PRP) and two years later (current) by means of four instruments: the Beck Anxiety Inventory; the Beck Depression Inventory; Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire; and the six-minute walk test (6MWT). RESULTS: The comparison between the pre-PRP and post-PRP values revealed a significant decrease in the levels of anxiety (pre-PRP: 10.7 ± 6.3; post-PRP: 5.5 ± 4.4; p = 0.0005) and depression (pre-PRP: 11.7 ± 6.8; post-PRP: 6.0 ± 5.8; p = 0.001), as well as significant improvements in the distance covered on the 6MWT (pre-PRP: 428.6 ± 75.0 m; post-PRP: 474.9 ± 86.3 m; p = 0.03) and the quality of life index (pre-PRP: 51.0 ± 15.9; post-PRP: 34.7 ± 15.1; p = 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences between the post-PRP and current evaluation values. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits provided by the PRP in terms of the indices of anxiety, depression and quality of life, as well as the improved 6MWT performance, persisted throughout the 24-month study period.

Relação entre deficiência auditiva, idade, gênero e qualidade de vida de idosos / Relationship among hearing loss, age, gender, and quality of life in older individuals

A deficiência auditiva em idosos é considerada um problema de saúde pública, em função de sua alta prevalência e das dificuldades que acarreta, o que afeta a comunicação e interfere na adequada vida social dos indivíduos...

Hearing loss in elderly is regarded as a public health concern due to its high prevalence and the difficulties is fosters, wich affect the elderly's approche social life. To verify the existence of a relationship among hearin loss, age, gender and quality of life of elders who live in Canoas, RS...

O efeito da assistência psicológica em um programa de reabilitação pulmonar para pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica / The effect of psychotherapy provided as part of a pulmonary rehabilitation program for the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da psicoterapia sobre os níveis de ansiedade, depressão, qualidade de vida e capacidade de exercício em portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, submetidos a um programa de reabilitação pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico prospectivo, controlado e cego realizado com 49 portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica randomizados em três grupos: programa de reabilitação pulmonar completo (grupo 1), sem exercícios físicos (grupo 2) e sem psicoterapia (grupo 3). Foram utilizados para avaliação: inventários de ansiedade e de depressão de Beck, questionário respiratório de Saint George e o produto da distância caminhada pelo peso. RESULTADOS: Os grupos 1 e 2 demonstraram melhora absoluta estatisticamente significativa na capacidade de realizar exercícios (p = 0,007, p = 0,008 e p = 0,06, respectivamente). Os grupos 1 e 2 demonstraram redução significativa dos níveis de ansiedade e depressão, e melhora no índice de qualidade de vida: grupo 1 - p = 0,0000, p < 0,0003 e p = 0,0007; e grupo 2 - p = 0,0001, p = 0,0014 e p = 0,002, respectivamente. O grupo 3 demonstrou redução no nível de ansiedade (p = 0,03), mas não no nível de depressão e no índice de qualidade de vida, significativamente. CONCLUSÃO: Sessões de psicoterapia num programa de reabilitação pulmonar auxiliaram portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica no manejo das limitações impostas pela doença, através da redução dos níveis de sintomas comportamentais, especialmente depressão, influindo na melhora da capacidade de realizar exercícios físicos e na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of psychotherapy on levels of anxiety and depression, as well as on quality of life and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease enrolled in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. METHODS: A randomized, controlled, blind clinical trial was conducted involving 49 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Patients were randomized into three groups: those submitted to the complete pulmonary rehabilitation program, which included psychotherapy and an exercise regimen (group 1); those submitted to the program minus physical exercise (group 2); and those submitted to the program minus psychotherapy (group 3). The three groups underwent a 12-week treatment program. All patients were evaluated at baseline and at completion of the pulmonary rehabilitation program through four instruments: The Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire were applied. The distance walked-weight product was also calculated. RESULTS: Statistically significant absolute improvements in exercise capacity were found for groups 1 and 2, although not for group 3 (p = 0.007, p = 0.008 and p = 0.06, respectively). In groups 1 and 2, levels of anxiety and depressions were also significantly reduced (group 1: p = 0.0000 and p < 0.0003; group 2: p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0014), and quality of life was significantly improved (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.002, respectively). Anxiety levels were also reduced in group 3 (p = 0.03), although levels of depression were not, and quality of life was unaffected. CONCLUSION: Psychotherapy sessions provided as part of a pulmonary rehabilitation program assist patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in coping with disease-related limitations by reducing behavioral symptoms, especially depression, thereby influencing exercise capacity and health-related quality of life.