Intervention protocol to improve scabies control in enclosed communities: a case report.

OBJECTIVES: To describe patients with scabies in a prison setting. Document what type of treatment was carried out. Prepare an intervention protocol to improve scabies control in the Penitentiary Center. MATERIAL AND METHOD: All cases of scabies diagnosed in the Youth Detention Centre (La Roca del Vallès, Barcelona) between November 2018 and November 2019 were recorded. The treatment used was recorded. Bibliographical research on the protocols and treatment guidelines was carried out for community-acquired scabies. RESULTS: The study was performed with 762 inmates, of whom 61 patients were diagnosed with scabies. 39 patients' pathologies were detected at the time of admission to the center, 11 cases were diagnosed in the first 6 weeks after entering the prison, coinciding with the incubation period of the disease. Finally, 11 more were diagnosed when they had already been in prison for more than 6 weeks and therefore could be infected cases within the center. This parasitosis was detected mainly in inmates of North African origin, 14.7% of Algerian inmates and 14.2% of Moroccan inmates presented this pathology, compared to 1.6% among Spanish prisoners. All 61 patients were treated with permethrin and 8 cases had to repeat the treatment cycle due to apparent therapeutic failure. Research literature indicates that oral ivermectin should be the drug of first choice for the treatment of scabies in prison. DISCUSSION: The high incidence of scabies cases detected in prison led us to carry out a bibliographic review that brought about changes in the treatment protocol that may be of interest for the control of the disease in closed communities.

Inmate carrier of cutis verticis gyrata

The cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a clinical stigma considered to be very rare that mostly affects males. It consists of characteristic folds in the scalp, similar to cerebral convolutions, which tend to affect the parietal and occipital areas. It is considered a pachyderma of the cranial skin, and can appear at different ages for different reasons. Images are shown of the first clinical case described in prisons, as well as the initial diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Recluso portador de cutis verticis gyrata / Inmate carrier of cutis verticis gyrate

El cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) es un estigma clínico considerado muy raro, que afecta fundamentalmente a varones. Consiste en un plegamiento característico del cuero cabelludo, a modo de circunvoluciones cerebrales, que suele afectar las áreas parietales y occipital. Se considera una paquidermia de la piel del cráneo, que puede aparecer a diferentes edades por diferentes causas. Se muestran imágenes del primer caso clínico descrito en prisiones y el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico inicial

The cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a clinical stigma considered to be very rare that mostly affects males. It consists of characteristic folds in the scalp, similar to cerebral convolutions, which tend to affect the parietal and occipital areas. It is considered a pachyderma of the cranial skin, and can appear at different ages for different reasons. Images are shown of the first clinical case described in prisons, as well as the initial diagnostic and therapeutic approach

Lumbalgia mecánica crónica en pacientes con vértebras limbus anterior: revisión de la literatura y presentación de tres casos clínicos / Chronic mechanical low back pain in patients with anterior limbus vertebra: a review of the literature and a study of three cases

La vertebra limbus es un hallazgo radiológico de prevalencia desconocida y significado incierto. Se trata de un defecto óseo que afecta al margen de los cuerpos vertebrados, con un fragmento desprendido de morfología triangular y bordes escleróticos. Se produce como consecuencia de una herniación intraósea del núcleo pulposo a través del anillo apofisario vertebral, antes de la fusión completa del cuerpo vertebral. En este artículo se describe tres casos clínicos de pacientes jóvenes (de 19, 20 y 22 años), reclusos en el Centro Penitenciario de Jóvenes (Barcelona, España), diagnosticados de lumbalgía mecánica crónica, y portadores de vértebras limbus lumbar. Nuestros hallazgos, y la revisión sistemática de la escasa literatura disponible, ponen en duda algunas convicciones actuales sobre la vértebra limbus.

The limbus vertebra is a radiological finding of unknown prevalence and uncertain significance. This is a bone defect which affects themargin of the vertebral bodies, with a triangular-shaped detached fragment and sclerotic margins. This occurs as a result of an intraosseus herniation of the nucleus pulposus through the vertebral apophyseal ring before the complete fusion of the vertebral body. In this paper we describe the clinical cases of three young patients(aged 19, 20 and 22), in mates of the Young Offenders Institute of Barcelona, Spain, who were diagnosed with chronic mechanical lowback pain and suffered from lumbar limbus vertebrae. Our findings, and the systematic review of the limited literature available, question some of the current beliefs about limbus vertebrae.

Lumbalgia mecánica crónica en pacientes con vértebras limbus anterior: revisión de la literatura y presentación de tres casos clínicos / Chronic mechanical low back pain in patients with anterior limbus vertebra: a review of the literature and a study of three cases

La vertebra limbus es un hallazgo radiológico de prevalencia desconocida y significado incierto. Se trata de un defecto óseo que afecta al margen de los cuerpos vertebrados, con un fragmento desprendido de morfología triangular y bordes escleróticos. Se produce como consecuencia de una herniación intraósea del núcleo pulposo a través del anillo apofisario vertebral, antes de la fusión completa del cuerpo vertebral. En este artículo se describe tres casos clínicos de pacientes jóvenes (de 19, 20 y 22 años), reclusos en el Centro Penitenciario de Jóvenes (Barcelona, España), diagnosticados de lumbalgía mecánica crónica, y portadores de vértebras limbus lumbar. Nuestros hallazgos, y la revisión sistemática de la escasa literatura disponible, ponen en duda algunas convicciones actuales sobre la vértebra limbus.(AU)

The limbus vertebra is a radiological finding of unknown prevalence and uncertain significance. This is a bone defect which affects themargin of the vertebral bodies, with a triangular-shaped detached fragment and sclerotic margins. This occurs as a result of an intraosseus herniation of the nucleus pulposus through the vertebral apophyseal ring before the complete fusion of the vertebral body. In this paper we describe the clinical cases of three young patients(aged 19, 20 and 22), in mates of the Young Offenders Institute of Barcelona, Spain, who were diagnosed with chronic mechanical lowback pain and suffered from lumbar limbus vertebrae. Our findings, and the systematic review of the limited literature available, question some of the current beliefs about limbus vertebrae.(AU)

[Diagnosis and treatment of bladder schistosomiasis from penitentiary primary care: case report]. / Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la esquistosomiasis vesical desde la atención primaria penitenciaria: a propósito de un caso.

We describe a case of a patient from Senegal with voiding symptoms and microscopic hematuria diagnosed and treated for bladder schistosomiasis in the medical services of the Youth Prison in Barcelona. According to our information in the Medline database no bladder schistosomiasis cases have been seen in primary care outside endemic areas. Patients can be diagnosed and treated before referral to specialized care for further study of possible complications.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la esquistosomiasis vesical desde la atención primaria penitenciaria: a propósito de un caso / Diagnosis and treatment of bladder schistosomiasis from penitentiary primary care: case report

Se describe un caso clínico de un paciente procedente de Senegal con síndrome miccional y hematuria microscópica que fue diagnosticado y tratado de esquistosomiasis vesical en los servicios médicos del Centro Penitenciario de Jóvenes de Barcelona. Según nuestra información en la base de datos Medline no existen casos de esquistosomiasis vesical abordados en atención primaria fuera de áreas endémicas. Los pacientes pueden diagnosticarse y tratarse antes de ser derivados a la asistencia especializada para continuar estudio de posibles complicaciones(AU)

We describe a case of a patient from Senegal with voiding symptoms and microscopic hematuria diagnosed and treated for bladder schistosomiasis in the medical services of the Youth Prison in Barcelona. According to our information in the Medline database no bladder schistosomiasis cases have been seen in primary care outside endemic areas. Patients can be diagnosed and treated before referral to specialized care for further study of possible complications(AU)

[Relation between cholesterol levels and neuropsychiatric disorders]. / Relacion entre los niveles circulatorios de colesterol y los trastornos neuropsiquiatricos.

INTRODUCTION: A recent survey raised doubts about most of the associations between hypocholesterolemia and neuropsychiatric diseases. Nevertheless, there is scientific evidence (some very recent) that demonstrates a link between possible brain disorders and reduced levels of cholesterol. AIM: To conduct a systematic study of the literature that addresses the relation between low cholesterol levels in serum and neuropsychiatric disorders. DEVELOPMENT: Relevant papers were identified by means of a systematic search and selection of the literature on Medline (August 2008). The selected papers were reviewed using statistical analysis and critical-deductive reasoning. CONCLUSIONS: It is shown that low cholesterol levels in serum are associated and related to different neuropsychiatric disorders. Lowered cholesterol levels seem likely to be linked to higher rates of early death, suicide, aggressive and violent behaviour, personality disorders, and possibly depression, dementia and penal confinement among young males. Further studies are needed to confirm the evidence currently available and to relate more accurate diagnoses with hypocholesterolemia.

Relación entre los niveles circulatorios de colesterol y los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos / Relatión between cholesterol levels and neuropsychiatric disorders

Resumen. Introducción. Una revisión reciente ponía en duda la mayoría de asociaciones entre la hipocolesterolemia y las enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas. En cambio, existen demostraciones científicas, algunas muy recientes, que vinculan posibles alteraciones cerebrales con niveles de colesterol reducidos. Objetivo. Estudiar sistemáticamente la bibliografía que aborda la relación entre los niveles bajos de colesterol en suero y las alteraciones neuropsiquiátricas. Desarrollo. Se identifican los artículos de interés mediante la búsqueda y selección sistemática de la bibliografía en Medline (agosto 2008). Se revisan los artículos seleccionados mediante análisis estadístico y razonamiento crítico-deductivo. Conclusiones. Se demuestra que los niveles bajos de colesterol en suero se asocian y se relacionan con diferentes trastornos neuropsiquiátricos. Parece muy probable que el colesterol disminuido se vincule a mayores índices de muerte prematura, de suicidio, de conductas agresivas y violentas, de trastornos de personalidad, y posiblemente a depresión, demencia y reclusión penitenciaria en varones jóvenes. Se necesitan más y mejores estudios para corroborar las evidencias actuales, relacionando diagnósticos más precisos con hipocolesterolemia (AU)

Summary. Introduction. A recent survey raised doubts about most of the associations between hypocholesterolemia andneuropsychiatric diseases. Nevertheless, there is scientific evidence (some very recent) that demonstrates a link between possible brain disorders and reduced levels of cholesterol. Aim. To conduct a systematic study of the literature that addresses the relation between low cholesterol levels in serum and neuropsychiatric disorders. Development. Relevant papers were identified by means of a systematic search and selection of the literature on Medline (August 2008). The selected papers were reviewed using statistical analysis and critical-deductive reasoning. Conclusions. It is shown that low cholesterol levels in serum are associated and related to different neuropsychiatric disorders. Lowered cholesterol levels seem likely to be linked to higher rates of early death, suicide, aggressive and violent behaviour, personality disorders, and possibly depression, dementia and penal confinement among young males. Further studies are needed to confirm the evidence currently available and to relate more accurate diagnoses with hypocholesterolemia (AU)