[A rare case of Sarcocystis encephalitis in a sheep]. / Riaduk sluchai na sarkotsistozen entsefalit pri ovtsa.

Microbiologic, serologic, and fecal investigations were carried out with a flock of sheep to explore the spontaneous setting in of a disease with nervous signs in a sheep. The animal was forced to be slaughtered, and portions of the viscera and the brain were studied histopathologically. The presence of toxoplasmosis was ruled out via investigations of blood sera taken from weaned lambs and from ewes that had miscarried in the same flock, employing the microprecipitation test in agar gel after Hubner and Uhliková. The microbiologic studies did not reveal any infection of contagious character, and routine parasitologic studies ruled out the presence of Coenurus cerebralis and of Oestrus ovis larvae. Studies of the brain of a sheep revealed the presence of sarcocysts in the hemispheres, with changes characteristic of nonsuppurative encephalitis.

[Mixed coli-rotavirus and Cryptosporidium infection in newborn piglets]. / Smesena koli-rotavirusna infektsiia i kriptosporidiina invaziia pri novorodeni praseta.

Complex morphologic, parasitologic, virologic, and bacteriologic studies on pigs and fecal samples from pigs were carried out on a farm where an enteritis infection in newborn pigs was recorded. A mixed coli-rotavirus and cryptosporidium infection was established in 10--20-day-old pigs of the Camborough hybrid with a clinically manifested enteritis syndrome. Morphologically, the cryptosporidium component of the infection substantiated atrophic and dystrophic changes in the intestinal epithelium. Developmental forms of the parasite were also found in the border wall of the enterocytes.

[Pathomorphological changes in the small intestine of pigs with rotavirus diarrhea]. / Patomorfologichni promeni v tunkite cherva na praseta s rotavirusna diariia.

Studied were the pathohistological changes and the morphologic-structural injuries of intestinal mucosa of pigs (5-7 days old), spontaneously affected with rotavirus diarrhea, raised by traditional methods. Simultaneously with the rotavirus invasion was established Isospora suis. In spite of the early time of the disorder (the test was carried out 24 hours after the appearance of the first clinical symptoms) there were established different in degree and expression morphologic changes; atrophy and fusion of the fibrils, replacement of the cylindrical epithelium with cubic, dystrophy and exfoliation of the enterocytes with exposure of the lamina propria. The burden of the dystrophic processes, which has affected the intestinal mycosis, was registered by scanning electronic microscopy. The dystrophic processes start at the top of the intestinal fibrils, the fusion of the fibrils spreads over a big number of them, forming a conglomerate mass. Simultaneously with the fibrils, affected by dystrophy, were observed fibrils with normal shape and size. During immunofluorescent examinations also is observed focal distribution of enterocytes, containing antigen on some of the fibrils. Now is discussed the importance of the pathogenic microflora, in the intestinal track of pigs, raised by traditional methods, for the early appearance and for the burden of the morphologic-structural changes.

[Clinical picture and pathomorphology of acute coenuriasis in sheep]. / Klinika i patomorfologiia na akutmata tsenuroza po ovtsete.

Clinical and morphological investigations were carried out in the case of two enzootics of coenurosis in weaned lambs. The disease was established in two flocks of 180 and 160 animals, respectively. Outbreaks were recorded two weeks after they were put on premises where dogs untreated for worms had been kept. Instable gait and incoordinated movements of the head and limbs were observed along with circling movements of the body, loss of herd instinct, and lay ill for a long time. Morphologically, hyperemia was seen in the meninges, hemispheres, cerebellum, and the basal portions of the brain, with swelling of the tissue, numerous oncospheres, and purulent and necrotic foci. Histopathologically, there were in the acute stages great numbers of parasite passages with detritus mass, hemorrhages, purulent-and-necrotic meningoencephalitis, and higher counts of neutrophile and eosinophile granulocytes. Besides, in the subacute cases there were histiocytes and lymphoid and gigantic alien cells. Differential diagnosis should take into consideration listeriosis, cerebrocortical necrosis, estrosis monesiosis, and enterotoxemia.

[Case of methyl parathion poisoning in heifers]. / Sluchai na otraviane na iunitsi s metilparation.

A clinical and morphological study was carried out on mass scale poisoning of heifers with methylparathion. Out of a total of 80 animals in a herd 13 heifers died or were forcedly slaughtered within several hours to three days, and other 9 heifers were cured after diagnosing severe methylparathion poisoning. The presence of the preparation was demonstrated chemically in the stomach and intestinal content of the affected animals. The precise lethal dose, however, was not established owing the outbreak of spontaneous poisoning. On the base of literature data and personal investigations it is believed that in the case described the intake of poisonous matter largely surpassed the lethal dose for cattle (20 mg/kg body mass), particularly on the occasion of a peracute course of the disease. Clinically, the intoxication ran its course with troubles on the part of the central and the vegetative nervous systems. Morphologically, there were oedema of the brain and the meninges, oedema and emphysema of the lungs, degeneration processes in the liver and the other parenchymal organs, oedema and hemorrhagic infiltrations in the wall of the rumen, abomasum, and proximal portions of the intestine, and sporadic or numerous hemorrhages in the organs referred to, particularly on the epi- and endo cardium.

[Histogenesis of leukemic changes in cows]. / Khistogeneza na levkoznite izmeneniia pri kravite.

A histopathologic study was carried out on lymph nodes and viscera of 98 cows and 28 heifers that responded positively in serologic examinations for leukosis. The animals did not exhibit clinical and paraclinical symptoms, neither were there found any morphologic changes characteristic of leukosis. There existed activation and proliferation of the reticuloendothelial tissue in the sinuses of the lymph nodes. The same response was shown by the endothelium of the capillaries in visceral organs. There was also metaplasia that concerned mainly the connective tissue cells of the lymph node trabeculas as well as the adventitial cells of the vascular walls. It was considered that the infection could be manifested morphologically as a reticuloendotheliosis. By its clinical course and morphologic manifestation bovine leukosis resembles some other virus diseases that have been systematized as "delayed virus infections'.

[Histochemical changes in leukemia in cattle]. / Khistokhimichni promeni pri levkoza po govedata.

Histochemical investigations were carried out to demonstrate the activity of succinic dehydrogenase, diphosphopyridine-nucleotid-diaphorase, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase in the liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, and heart muscle of a total of 20 cows with positive serologic response for leukosis as well as in organs of 2 normal controls. It was found that the lymphoid cells of the leukotic proliferations and the activated endothelial and adventitial cells of the blood vessels had high alkaline phosphatase activity and negligibly expressed acid phosphatase activity. Dehydrogenase activity was low in the lymphoid-cell proliferations and in the activated cell of the vessels. The cell metabolism of the leukotic proliferations was like-wise disturbed. Histochemical methods of investigations could be used test-like in the diagnosis of bovine leukosis.

[Pathohistological picture of the neural form of listeriosis in sheep]. / Prinos kum patokhistologichnata kartina na nervnata forma na listerioza po ovtsete.

Gross and histopathologic investigations were carried out on the viscera, the brain, and the spinal cord of sheep spontaneously infected with listeriosis. It was found that with the protracted course of the disease the gross lesions were found in the various sections of the spinal cord too. Besides, with the chronic course of the nervous form of listeriosis in sheep the morphologic lesions consist of purulent necrotic meningoencephalitis and of myelitis. Histopathologically, myelitis is manifested by lymphohistiocytic infiltrations around the vessels and diffuse or focal infiltration of neutrophile leukocytes.

[Pathomorphology of stachybotryotoxicosis in calves during the nursing period]. / Vurkhu patomorfologiiata na stakhibotriotoksikoza pri teleta prez mlechniia period.

An enzootic of stachybotryotoxicosis was established on a dairy farm in 35-46-day-old calves due to the use of straw contaminated with Stachybotrys alternans. Studied were the epizootiology, the clinical picture, and chiefly the morphology of the disease. A characteristic clinical feature was the edema in the intermandibular space. Morphologically, there were numerous hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles, abomasal and intestinal mucosa, kidney cortex, and urinary bladder as well as ulcerous and erosive colitis, edematized mesenterial lymph nodes and occasionally catarrhal and necrotic stomatitis, icterus, and perirenal edema. Contrary to the gross lesion picture known there were no changes in the rumen, reticulum, and omasum which were not sufficiently developed during that period. Histologically, there were degenerative nephrosis, focal hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis (occasionally coupled with bacterial embolization and dystrophic calcification of the kidneys), granular degeneration of the liver and heart, hemorrhages and edema of the lungs, and edema, hyperemia, and thrombi in the brain.

[Dynamics of the clinical and pathologico anatomic changes in spontaneous congenital tremor in swine]. / Dinamika na klinichnite i patologoanatomichnite promeni pri spontanen kongenitalen tremor u svine.

Clinical and morphological studies were carried out on the dynamic of the changes taking place in cases of spontaneous congenital tremor in pigs. It was established that tremor set in immediately after parturition. With the advancement of age the force and intensity of the muscle contractions dropped. The signs of tremor persisted as long as after the fifteenth month of age. The affected animals exhibited delayed growth and development. Morphologically, there was hypoplasia of the cerebellum and the lower portions of the central nervous system. The changes in these organs were found even after the fifteenth month of age.

[Congenital tremor in piglets]. / Kongenitalen tremor pri praseta.

One of the forms of congenital myoclonia in pigs is described for the first time. Epizootologic, clinical, and morphological studies on the syndrome have been carried out, and a description of the clinical, morphologic, and histopathological findings are given. All pigs that exhibited the syndrome have shown double and triple hypoplasia of the cerebellum. Results obtained so far give no reason to assume, resp., demonstrate the etiologic essence of the syndrome. Investigations in this connection are under way.

[Metrifonate-induced congenital tremor in piglets]. / Eksperimentalno vuzproizvezhdane na kongenitalen tremor pri praseta s metrofonat.

Congenital tremor was experimentally induced in pigs. Eight sows of the Comborough breed that had farrowed for the first time were used, having a good body condition and a liveweight of 115 to 120 kg. Other 96 sows of the same breed and body weight were used as controls. The test animals were given metrifonate orally in the prescribed therapeutic and prophylactic doses (50 mg/kg) four times during pregnancy. Both test and control sows were fed a standard mixture No 16 during pregnancy, and were vaccinated against swine fever, leptospirosis, Aujeszky's disease, and erysipelas. Congenital tremor was manifested in 42 out of 78 offsprings. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The induced congenital tremor was manifested morphologically by varying hypoplasia of the cerebellum. 2. The use of organic phospohrous compounds for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes should be reduced during pregnancy. 3. The induced congenital tremor in pigs clinically and morphologically similar to the spontaneous congenital tremor in these animals described previously by the same authors.

[Nephropathy in swine of uncertain etiology]. / Nefropatiia po svine s neiziasnena etiologiia.

Pathological, anatomical and patho-histological studies on cases of nephropathia with uncertain etiology in swine were performed in an industrial swine complex. Pathological, anatomical and patho-histological changes in the kidneys and in the regional lymph nodes were described. In accordance with the character and extent of the changes observed the kidneys were provisionally divided into four main groups. On the basis of the patho-histological findings the assumption is forwarded that agents of unknown toxic nature play an etiological role.

[Enzootic erysipeloid in pheasants]. / Enzootiia ot chervenka po fazani.

Epizootological, clinical, bacteriological and pathomorhological studies on enzooty of erysipelas in a flock of 11 000 pheasants were made. The clinical symptoms of sick pheasants and the pathologoanatomical and patho-histogical changes observed in dead pheasants are described. The pathogen of erysipelas was isolated and differentiated. The disease was reproduced experimentally in 15 pheasants from another fram where no cases of the disease were encountered. The source of infection remained unknown. It was established that, as is the case in other animals and birds, erysepelas in pheasants is characterized clinically and morphologically by the symptoms of septicaemia.

[Pathomorphological changes in the estrogenic syndrome of swine]. / Patomorfologichni izmeneniia pri estrogenen sindrom po svine.

Epizootic, clinical and pathomorphological investigations were carried out on spontaneously arising oestrogen syndrome in swine following feeding with fodder mixture containing 35-63% maize in which the oestrogen substance z-2 (zearalenon) was found. Clinical symptoms and pathomorphological changes observed in the course of the disease are described. Varying in extent edematous processes were present in the regions around the anus, vulva, prepucium and the mammal complex. Uteruses were twice or thrice enlarged. Varying in size (pea grain to pigeon egg) cystose formations, sclerotic and atrophic changes were found in the ovaries of swine, which had suffered from vulvo-edema and were slaughtered after three months because they could not come in heat. Degenerative changes of the parenchymal organs, blood vessel disturbances in the uterine wall and various degenerative, atrophic and cystose changes in the ovarian folicules were histologically observed.

[Listeria enzootic in newborn lambs]. / Listeriozna enzootiia pri novorodeni agneta.

Epizootological, clinical and pathomorphological studies were made of a meningo-encephalitic form of listeriotic enzooty in new born lambs. The clinical symptoms as well as the patho-anatomical and patho-histological changes in the brain and in the inner organs of dead lambs were described. Arisal of enzooty was connected with the inclusion of silage in the daily ration of ewes. It was assumed also that infection of suckling lambs possible by the milk of diseased mother-ewes also and in the prenatal period too. The meningo-encephalitic form of listeriotic enzooty established in new born lambs with symptoms of suppurative meningo-encephalitis was similar to that observed in sheep. L. monocytogenes was isolated from a suspension of various brain tissue parts of dead lambs.

[Histopathology of Q rickettsiosis in sheep]. / Kum khistopatologiiata na Ku-riketsiozata po ovtsete.

Examined was material taken from five sheep (ewes) and two weaned lambs having naturally contracted Qu rickettsiosis. Described are the clinical symptoms of the disease and the morphologic changes. The diseased animals showed rise in temperature (39.5--40.5 degrees C), loss of appetite, and depression. Some of the weaned lambs manifested slight cough and digestive troubles. Part of the animals showed nervous symptoms--tic movements of the head and limbs. Morphologically, the liver was edematired, of lower compactness, and the spleen was enlarged, the meninges being hyperemic and peppered with pinpointed hemorrhages. Histologically, a strong diffuse activation and proliferation of the liver capillary endothelium was established along with necrobiosis of the liver epithelial cells and a diffuse leukocyte infiltration. Established was also hyperplasia of the reticular cells and the lymph follicles of the spleen and the bronchial lymph nodes. The epithelial cells of the kidney tubules were involved in vacuolar dystrophy, and in the medular section there were fibroblastic proliferations with hyperemia. Inflammatory changes in the brain were also found.