[Prevalence of dentition defects among pre-school children of Tver region according to epidemiological study].

Epidemiological dental study of 724 pre-school children in Tver region revealed high prevalence of dentition defects due to premature removal of temporary molars. Dependence of pediatric population need for prosthetic dentistry from regional dental care system staff competence is shown. The date proved the need for standard correction of orthodontists number and broad application of pediatric prosthetics in daily practice.

[Transurethral contact electroimpulse ureteropyelolithotripsy].

Transurethral contact electroimpulse ureteropyelolithotripsy (TCEUT) was conducted in 161 patients aged 18 to 84 years (mean age 47 +/- 14 years) admitted to the urological department of Zhukovsky city hospital in 2006-2009. Female/male proportion 1.4:1. Overall efficacy of TCEUT was 98%, the concrement was destructed completely during the first TCEUT session in 98%, partially in 2% cases. The method was feasible in all the patients if the instrument could reach the concrement. Duration of the session providing complete elimination of the concrements varied from 1 to 6 months.Contact electroimpulse ureterolithotripsy is conducted with single impulses beginning with low energy (0.45 J). Contact electroimpulse pyelolithotripsy requires a higher initial impulse energy (0.6 J). TCEUT is a highly effective method of the treatment of concrements of the upper urinary tract. Side effects were registered in maximum 5%. Long-term existence of the concrement in the urinary system raises the risk of intraoperative complications.

[Choice of urinary tract drainage in different age groups of patients with urolithiasis].

Retro- and prospective analyses of 802 case histories of patients with nephrostomic drainage (n=272), ureteral catheter (n=27) and ureteral stent (n=503) treated for urolithiasis in the urological department of M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Region Research Clinical Institute and Zhukovsky city hospital hospitalized in 1995 to 2009 made it possible to develop algorithms of choice of upper urinary tract drainage depending on clinical and laboratory indices. Nephrostomic drainage is preferable in a single functioning kidney, acute obstructive pyelonephritis, anuria, hyperthermia above 38 degrees C, marked supravesical urodynamic disorder, in renal failure, serum creatinine over 200 mcmol/l, urea over 10 mmol/l, blood potassium over 5 mmol/l, uric acid over 380 mcmol/l and leukocytosis over 8 x 10(9) l. Draining with ureteral stent was used primarily in elective surgery--extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy and transurethral operations. Stenting was better tolerated and entailed less frequent complications. In the rest cases choice of drain method should be made by the urologist. In active inflammation, before getting antibioticogram, the drain should be followed by antibiotic treatment with fluoroquinolones, cephalosporines of the third or forth generation, aminoglycosides, carbapenems in standard doses.

[Possibilities of transpapillary and laparoscopic methods of choledocholithiasis treatment].

The results of surgical treatment of patients, suffering choledocholithiasis, were adduced. In 493 patients laparoscopic exploration of common biliary duct was accomplished, in 297 of them the choledocholithiasis diagnosis was definitely established while performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCHE); in 136--endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST) was done preoperatively, but the attempts to perform transpapillary lithoextraction and lithotripsy have failed; in 60--a residual choledocholithiasis was noted. In 930 patients EPST and lithoextraction were performed preoperatively and as a second stage--LCHE.

[Diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis in combination with infravesical obstruction in presenile and senile patients].

The analysis of the results of examination and treatment of 510 urolithiasis patients with organic infravesical obstruction (IVO) treated in the urological clinic of M. F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute and in the urological department of Zhukovsky city hospital from 1995 to 2009 made it possible to arrive at the following conclusions: the above patients have obstruction symptoms in 100% cases, irritative symptoms--in more than 2/3 of the patients; combined use of low invasive, endoscopic and open methods reestablishes urodynamics of the lower urinary tract in more than 90% patients; the decision on the treatment policy and techniques depends on severity of clinical symptoms caused by IVO and urolithiasis as well as disturbance of upper and lower urinary tract urodynamics. In adequate choice of the patients and correct indications combined use of low invasive, endoscopic and open methods provides good treatment effect in patients with IVO and urolithiasis.

[Sugar of substitute stevioside in chewing gum: comparative double blind controllable study].

In double blind controllable study on 126 volunteers - students of medical academy - influence on рН the mixed saliva of 5 kinds of chewing gums with the different contents of substitute of sugar as xylitol and sorbitol, and also the chewing sweets R.O.C.S., two kinds of chewing gums containing a basis with substitute of sugar stevioside (1.25 and 2.5%) and placebo (a basis without additives) were investigated. Products chewed within 10 minutes. In one of groups surveyed such chewing was preceded with rinsing a mouth by a test solution of saccharose. рН determined within 30 minutes. At chewing gums with substitute of sugar displacement рН the mixed saliva in the alkaline side was revealed a different degree. Thus gums with stevioside did not concede and even surpassed in this action of chewing gums with other substitutes of sugar. In comparison with placebo chewing gums and sweets restored acid-alkaline balance of oral cavities faster. Hence, use of stevioside in structure of chewing gum allows at preservation of its positive actions in oral cavity essentially to reduce concentration substitute of sugar and, hence, its collateral action by an organism.

[Problems of fluoride dosing to infants for dental fluorosis prevention].

Fluoride content in drinking water, breast milk, cow milk, additional food for newborns prepared with water containing different amount of fluoride was determined. Fluoride excretion in urine since the first days of birth and up to 4 months of postnatal development was investigated in breast and artificially fed infants. When a neonate was fed with breast milk, fluoride was received in the amount no more than 20 mkg/day. The additional food contained fluoride which water mainly had. Water with high level of fluorine increased its content in the additional food up to the values not comparable to those in breast milk that presented danger of dental fluorosis development. Data on fluorine content in drinking water were absolutely necessary to calculate daily fluorides consumption by infants and to prevent dental fluorosis.

[Methods of non-linear dynamics in estimation of electroencephalograms of healthy people and of patients with epilepsy].

A possibility is discussed of use of methods of non-linear dynamics for analysis of spontaneous EEG and if the EEG caused by low acoustic stimuli in healthy people and in patients with epilepsy. A use of methods of non-linear dynamics--the fractal dimension of EEG--in clinical practice and in research is described.

[Fluoride content in potable water and drinks. Connection with dental caries prevention and dental fluorosis].

Content of fluoride by ion selective electrode in potable water (municipal water supply, bottled, from draw-wells and springs), in juices of industrial and compotes of domestic preparation, in drinks of various grades of the tea made by water with unequal contents of fluorine was analyzed. Fluoride entered organism of the population in non-control mode more often in minimum quantities that explained, in certain measures a wide caries incidence. Granting of the information upon concentration of fluorides in potable water, juices and drinks used by population would allow people to adjust this microelement intake in the organism with the purpose of preventing of dental caries and fluorosis.

[Decreasing of 137Cs specific activities in hydrobionts inhabiting water-bodies of different type].

The rate of decrease of 137Cs content in hydrobionts from water-bodies of Ukraine that contaminated as result of Chernobyl accident has been calculated. The retrospective analysis of 137Cs content in fish of water-bodies has been transmitted.

[Atypical endoscopic papillotomy in diagnostic-treatment algorhythm for obstruction of terminal part of the common biliary duct].

The results of atypical endoscopic papillotomy with subsequent transpapillary intervention, performed in the clinic in 2001-2006 for the diagnosis-treatment aim in 1090 patients, suffering obstruction of terminal part of common biliary duct, were studied. Complications had occurred in 62 (5.7%) patients, bleeding--in 34 (3.1%) of them. All the patients had survived.

[Modern tactics for choledocholithiasis treatment].

There is presented tactics of treatment of 1325 patients, in whom choledocholithiasis was diagnosed. In 1023 (7.4%) of them in the first stage endoscopic papillosphincterotomy was performed and transpapillar endobiliary manipulations, in 1-2 days--laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In 302 (2.9%) patients laparoscopic exploration of common biliary duct with cholecystectomy were performed. Intraoperative complications occurred in 28 (2.7%) and postoperative--in 72 (7%) patients. All patients are alive.

[Complications of endoscopic transpapillary interventions].

The results of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy with subsequent endobiliary intervention performance in the clinic in 2235 patients in 2000-2006 yrs were studied up. Early complications had occurred in 113 (5.1%) patients, including hemorrhage--in 57 (50%); late complications--in 64 (2.9%). All the patients are alive.

[Prophylaxis and treatment of intraabdominal purulent complications after performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy using interventions with ultrasonographic control].

The results of treatment of 9103 patients, to whom laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed, were adduced. In 6714 patients intraabdominal postoperative complications were absent, ultrasonographic investigation (USI) was not performed. Dynamical USI was done in 2389 patients, permitting to estimate timely the wound course severity in the gallbladder bed, to administer an adequate therapv, in 9 of them--to perform puncture of subhepatic formations under USI control. Intraabdominal infectious complications were revealed in 65 (0.71%) of patients.

[Thromboembolic complications in laparoscopic surgery and their prophylaxis]. / Tromboémbolicheskie oslozhneniia v laparoskopicheskoi khirurgii i ikh profilaktika.

Frequency of thromboembolic complications occurrence after laparoscopic intervention was studied in 8230 patients. Efficacy of prophylactic perioperative application of low-molecular heparin fraxiparin was estimated. Thrombosis of deep veins had occurred in 6 (0.073%), thromboembolism of pulmonary artery--in 3 (0.037%) patients. General frequency of thromboembolic complications had constituted 0.11%.

[Prevention of thromboembolic complications in laparoscopic surgery]. / Profilaktika tromboémbolicheskikh oslozhnenii v laparoskopicheskoi khirurgii.

The rate of thromboembolic complications was studied in 6672 patients who underwent laparoscopic intervention. The effectiveness of preventive use of low-molecular weight heparin fraxiparine was evaluated. 5 patients (0.075%) developed deep veins thrombosis, 2 patients (0.03%)--pulmonary thromboembolis. The general rate of thromboembolic complications was 0.11%. Specific prevention by fraxiparine together with decrease of mean duration of operation, maintaining insufflation pressure equal or less than 1.6 kPa (12 mm Hg), periodical exsufflation every 30-40 min and turning of the patient into Trendelenburg's position permitted to reduce the rate of thromboembolic complications to 0.045%.