Relación entre marcadores hematológicos y la respuesta patológica completa al tratamiento neoadyuvante en cáncer de recto localmente avanzado / Relationship between haematological markers and patological complete response to neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer

INTRODUCCIÓN: Múltiples marcadores hematológicos de inflamación pueden tener relación con un peor pronóstico en los pacientes oncológicos. PROPÓSITO: Este estudio evaluó si los cambios en marcadores hematológicos antes y después del tratamiento quimio-radioterápico (QT-RT) en cáncer de recto pueden estar asociados con la respuesta patológica completa. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 140 pacientes con cáncer de recto que recibieron tratamiento radioterápico neoadyuvante seguido de resección quirúrgica fueron revisados retrospectivamente. Se realizó analítica completa antes y después del tratamiento QT-RT. Se evaluaron leucocitos, hemoglobina, neutrófilos, linfocitos, monocitos, ratio neutrófilo-linfocitos (NLR), ratio plaqueta-linfocitos (PLR) y ratio linfocitos-monocitos (LMR). RESULTADOS: La respuesta patológica completa fue de 17,5%. Los marcadores hematológicos tuvieron una disminución significativa tras el tratamiento de QT-RT (p < 0,05), sin embargo en nuestro análisis no se relacionó con la respuesta patológica completa, salvo el PLR (p = 0,027). CONCLUSIÓN: Los marcadores hematológicos antres y después del tratamiento neoadyuvante no predicen la respuesta tumoral tras QT-RT en este estudio. Sin embargo una muestra mayor puede presentar resultados estadísticamente signifiacativos, especialmente con los monocitos

INTRODUCTION: Multiple haematological markers of inflammation might be related with poor prognosis in oncological patients. PURPOSE: This study evaluated whether changes of haematological markers before and after chemo-radiotherapy treatment in rectal cancer might be associated to pathological complete response. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical records of 140 patients with rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy followed by surgical resection were retrospectively review. Complete bloods counts (CBC) was measured days before and after period of RT. We assessed white blood cells count (WBC), hemoglobin levels (Hb), neutrophils count, lymphocytes count, monocytes count, neutrophil-to-lymphocye ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). RESULTS: The overall rate of pCR was 17,5%. Hematological markers had a statistically significant decrease after CRT treatment (p < 0,05), however in our analysis they do not predict complete pathological response. CONCLUSION: Haematological markers before and after neoadjuvant treatment do not predict tumor responses in this study. However, a larger sample can show statistically significant results, especially in monocytes ratio

Quimioradioterapia en cáncer de recto y tasa de respuesta patológica / Chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer and pathological response

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tratamiento neoadyuvante con radioterapia y quimioterapia radiosensibilizante en el cáncer de recto localmente avanzado (CRLA) disminuye significativamente las tasas de recurrencia local. Por tanto el objetivo de este estudio es analizar la respuesta patológica completa (RPC) y parcial (RPP) tras el tratamiento neoadyuvante con quimioradioterapia en pacientes con CRLA. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en pacientes con diagnóstico de CRLA desde enero 2016 a diciembre 2018 en el Servicio de Oncología-Radioterápica del Hospital Universitario La Paz. Se incluyeron 140 pacientes. Un grupo de pacientes (92,9%) se trató con radioterapia 3D conformada con una dosis de 45Gy sobre pelvis y una sobreimpresión de 5,4Gy sobre tumor primario y otro grupo (7,1%) se trató con radioterapia con técnica volumétrica y en arcoterapia (VMAT) guiado por imagen (IGRT) con una dosis de 53,7Gy en pelvis con sobreimpresión concurrente al tumor. La dosis de capecitabina oral fue de 850mg/m2 dos veces al día durante el tratamiento. Todos los pacientes fueron reevaluados con resonancia magnética (RM) post-neoadyuvancia. Los pacientes se operaron entre 6-8 semanas tras quimioradioterapia. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo una RPC de 17,1% y RPP de 80,1% con una tasa global de downstaging de 31,8%. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye que la quimioradioterapia neoadyuvante es un tratamiento seguro con aceptables tasas de control local en los pacientes con CRLA

INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant treatment with radiotherapy and radiosensitizing chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) significantly decreases local recurrence rates. Therefore the objective of this study is to analyze the pathological complete response (PCR) and partial response (PPR) of neoadjuvant treatment with exclusive chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It has been made a study descriptive, retrospective in a cohort of patients with LARC in the January 2016 to December 2018 period in the Radiation-Oncology Department of Hospital Universitario La Paz. 140 patients were included. A group of patients (92,9%) received treatment with radiotherapy 3D conformed technique with a dose administered the 45 Gy on pelvis and a boost of 5,4 Gy on tumor and other group (7,1%) received treatment with volumetric archotherapy radiotherapy (VMAT) guided by image (IGRT) with a dose administered of 53,7% on pelvis with concurrent boost and. The dose of capecitabine was 850 mg/m2, twice a day during the treatment. The patients were re-evaluated with post-neoadjuvant MRI. Patients were operated 6 to 8 weeks post chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS: CPR was obtained of 17,1% and pPR of 80,1% with a global rate downstaging of 31,8%. CONCLUSION: It concludes that chemoradiotherapy neoadjuvant is a safe treatment with acceptable rates of local control in patients with LARC

Assessment of Safety and Efficacy of Combined Trabectedin and Low-Dose Radiotherapy for Patients With Metastatic Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Nonrandomized Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial.

Importance: Active therapeutic combinations, such as trabectedin and radiotherapy, offer potentially higher dimensional response in second-line treatment of advanced soft-tissue sarcomas. Dimensional response can be relevant both for symptom relief and for survival. Objective: To assess the combined use of trabectedin and radiotherapy in treating patients with progressing metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas. Design, Setting, and Participants: Phase 1 of this nonrandomized clinical trial followed the classic 3 + 3 design, with planned radiotherapy at a fixed dose of 30 Gy (3 Gy/d for 10 days) and infusion of trabectedin at 1.3 mg/m2 as the starting dose, 1.5 mg/m2 as dose level +1, and 1.1 mg/m2 as dose level -1. Phase 2 followed the Simon optimal 2-stage design. Allowing for type I and II errors of 10%, treatment success was defined as an overall response rate of 35%. This study was conducted in 9 sarcoma referral centers in Spain, France, and Italy from April 13, 2015, to November 20, 2018. Adult patients with progressing metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma and having undergone at least 1 previous line of systemic therapy were enrolled. In phase 2, patients fitting inclusion criteria and receiving at least 1 cycle of trabectedin and the radiotherapy regimen constituted the per-protocol population; those receiving at least 1 cycle of trabectedin, the safety population. Interventions: Trabectedin was administered every 3 weeks in a 24-hour infusion. Radiotherapy was required to start within 1 hour after completion of the first trabectedin infusion (cycle 1, day 2). Main Outcomes and Measures: The dose-limiting toxic effects of trabectedin (phase 1) and the overall response rate (phase 2) with use of trabectedin plus irradiation in metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas. Results: Eighteen patients (11 of whom were male) were enrolled in phase 1, and 27 other patients (14 of whom were female) were enrolled in phase 2. The median ages of those enrolled in phases 1 and 2 were 42 (range, 23-74) years and 51 (range, 27-73) years, respectively. In phase 1, dose-limiting toxic effects included grade 4 neutropenia lasting more than 5 days in 1 patient at the starting dose level and a grade 4 alanine aminotransferase level increase in 1 of 6 patients at the +1 dose level. In phase 2, among 25 patients with evaluable data, the overall response rate was 72% (95% CI, 53%-91%) for local assessment and 60% (95% CI, 39%-81%) for central assessment. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this study suggest that the recommended dose of trabectedin for use in combination with this irradiation regimen is 1.5 mg/m2. The trial met its primary end point, with a high overall response rate that indicates the potential of this combination therapy for achieving substantial tumor shrinkage beyond first-line systemic therapy in patients with metastatic, progressing soft-tissue sarcomas. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02275286.

Topical R1 and R2 Prophylactic Treatment of Acute Radiation Dermatitis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck and Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Chemoradiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: A clinical study was conducted on the use of the topical Lactokine-based R1 and R2 system as a prophylactic treatment of acute radiation dermatitis in patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck and breast cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients were studied who attended the Radiation Oncology Services, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, for treatment with chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer (n = 19) and breast cancer (n = 79). The treatment group (R1 and R2) included 51 patients; 47 control patients were given the local standard topical treatment (5% wt/wt urea lotion). At 3 postradiotherapy follow-up clinics, radiation dermatitis was graded, if present. All patients were administered with "quality-of-life" questionnaires. RESULTS: Treatment with R1 and R2 significantly reduced the grade of radiation dermatitis in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. At the fourth (last) clinic visit, at 2 weeks following the end of radiation treatment, 66.7% of patients in the treated group (R1 and R2) were free from radiation dermatitis compared with 34% in those given the center's usual skin care (topical urea lotion). There were no reported side effects, and quality of life improved for patients treated with R1 and R2. CONCLUSION: Topical skin treatment with the R1 and R2 system has been shown to be effective in preventing, reducing the onset, and reducing the degree (grade) of radiation dermatitis in head and neck and breast cancer patients treated with chemoradiation.

Metastatic disease from chordoma.

Chordomas are tumors with a bad prognosis, because of their location, local aggressiveness and high rate of local relapse. Despite of be benign tumors, they have certain capacity of metastasize and a clinical evolution that results interesting. When we analyzed our series with 35 chordomas studied and treated between 1975 and 2002, we found three patients that experienced a systemic dissemination.

Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer: randomized trial comparing oral uracil and tegafur and oral leucovorin vs. intravenous 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin.

PURPOSE: To compare, in a randomized trial, 5-fluorouracil (FU) plus leucovorin (LV) (FU+LV) vs. oral uracil and tegafur (UFT) plus LV (UFT+LV) given concomitantly with preoperative irradiation in patients with cT3-4 or N+ rectal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 155 patients were entered onto the trial. Patients received pelvic radiotherapy (4500-5,040 cGy in 5 to 6 weeks) and chemotherapy consisting of two 5-day courses of 20 mg/m(2)/d LV and 350 mg/m(2)/d FU in the first and fifth weeks of radiotherapy (77 patients) or one course of 25 mg/d oral LV and 300 mg/m(2)/d UFT for 4 weeks beginning in the second week of radiotherapy (78 patients). The primary endpoints were pathologic complete response (pCR) and resectability rate. Secondary endpoints included downstaging rate, toxicity, and survival. RESULTS: Grade 3-5 acute hematologic toxicity occurred only with FU+LV (leukopenia 9%; p = 0.02). There were no differences in resectability rates (92.1% vs. 93.4%; p = 0.82). The pCR rate was 13.2% in both arms. Tumor downstaging was more frequent with UFT+LV (59.2% vs. 43.3%; p = 0.04). Three-year overall survival was 87% with FU+LV and 74% with UFT+LV (p = 0.37). The 3-year cumulative incidences of local recurrence were 7.5% and 8.9%, respectively (p = 0.619; relative risk, 1.46; 95% confidence interval 0.32-6.55). CONCLUSION: Although this study lacked statistical power to exclude clinically significant differences between both groups, the outcome of patients treated with UFT+LV did not differ significantly from that of patients treated with FU+LV, and hematologic toxicity was significantly lower in the experimental arm.

Indicaciones del tratamiento radioterápico en el cáncer de mama / Indications for radiotherapy treatment of breast cancer

Objetivo: El cáncer de mama es la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en la mujer en Estados Unidos. Esta patología es igualmente frecuente en Europa y forma parte de las consultas diarias de los Servicios dedicados a la oncología (Oncología Radioterápica, Cirugía General, Ginecología, y Oncología Médica), aunque cada vez hay más Servicios implicados en el manejo de estas pacientes (Atención Primaria, Nutrición, Psico-oncología, Rehabilitación, Unidad del Dolor, Enfermería): La revisión de las indicaciones del tratamiento radioterápico permite acercar esta modalidad terapéutica al resto de Especialidades Método: Exposición de todas las situaciones clínicas susceptibles de radioterapia. Resultado: Existe evidencia científica que demuestra la necesidad de administrar radioterapia para disminuir el riesgo de recidiva loco-regional y ello influye en la supervivencia global. Conclusiones: El cáncer de mama precisa un abordaje terapéutico multidisciplinar siendo la radioterapia indispensable en el tratamiento conservador y en otros muchos casos (AU)

Purpose: Breast cancer is the first leading cancer-related cause of death among USA women. In Europe, breast cancer occurs as frequently as in the United States an thus we encounter this pathology on a regular basis in Oncology Services such as Radiation Oncology, General Surgery, Gynecology and Medical Oncology. Nevertheless, the number of services working with this kind of patients is increasing; Primary Health Care, Nutrition, Psycho-oncology, Rehabilitation centers, Pain Clinics and Nursing among others. Reviewing radiotherapy treatment indications shall bring this modality and its procedures closer to other medical specialties. Methods: Exposition of all clinical indications that might include radiotherapy treatment. Results: There is scientific evidence that proves that radiotherapy is needed in order to reduce locoregional risk of recurrence, which shall determine global survival. Conclusions: Breast cancer requires a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach for which radiotherapy is essential in the conservative treatment as well as in other cancer cases (AU)