[Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women. Prevalence at the Posadas Hospital]. / Streptococcus agalactiae en embarazadas. Prevalencia en el Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas.

Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B Streptococcus), is the most frequent microorganism involved in neonatal infections through the mother-fetus vertical transmission. It is also responsible for infections in pregnant women, and adults with underlying diseases. The objective of this work was to know the S. agalactiae carrier prevalence in pregnant women who attended to Posadas Hospital, and to study the susceptibility pattern of the isolates to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. From 1203 pregnant women studied, S. agalactiae was recovered in 113, which means a prevalence of 9.39%. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested to 87 isolates. All of them were susceptible to penicillin, and only 2 isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin (constitutive MLS mechanism). We emphasize the importance of knowing these last resistance, in the case of beta-lactam antibiotics allergic women.

Streptococcus agalactiae en embarazadas. Prevalencia en el Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas / [Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women. Prevalence at the Posadas Hospital]

Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B Streptococcus), is the most frequent microorganism involved in neonatal infections through the mother-fetus vertical transmission. It is also responsible for infections in pregnant women, and adults with underlying diseases. The objective of this work was to know the S. agalactiae carrier prevalence in pregnant women who attended to Posadas Hospital, and to study the susceptibility pattern of the isolates to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. From 1203 pregnant women studied, S. agalactiae was recovered in 113, which means a prevalence of 9.39

. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested to 87 isolates. All of them were susceptible to penicillin, and only 2 isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin (constitutive MLS mechanism). We emphasize the importance of knowing these last resistance, in the case of beta-lactam antibiotics allergic women.

Streptococcus agalactiae en embarazadas. Prevalencia en el Hospital Nacional Alejandro Posadas. / [Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women. Prevalence at the Posadas Hospital]

Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B Streptococcus), is the most frequent microorganism involved in neonatal infections through the mother-fetus vertical transmission. It is also responsible for infections in pregnant women, and adults with underlying diseases. The objective of this work was to know the S. agalactiae carrier prevalence in pregnant women who attended to Posadas Hospital, and to study the susceptibility pattern of the isolates to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. From 1203 pregnant women studied, S. agalactiae was recovered in 113, which means a prevalence of 9.39

. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested to 87 isolates. All of them were susceptible to penicillin, and only 2 isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin (constitutive MLS mechanism). We emphasize the importance of knowing these last resistance, in the case of beta-lactam antibiotics allergic women.

[Experimental model of infection of Helicobacter pylori in the mouse. A study of gastric damage caused by indomethacin]. / Modelo experimental de infección por Helicobacter pylori en el ratón. Estudio del daño gástrico producido por indometacina.

INTRODUCTION: The action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the Helicobacter Pylori (Hp) infected mucosa is a matter of debate. Some authors consider them to cause additive iatrogeny whilst others attribute a purportedly protective action to them. The development of on experimental animal model could help clarify this phenomenon. OBJECTIVES: 1--To develop an animal model of Hp gastric infection. 2--To evaluate the aggressiveness of NSAIDs in this model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male 6 month old BALC/C mice weighing 38 g were studied. Pylori Hp infection was ruled out. On three occasions, in the same week, 18 mice were inoculated intra-gastrically with 0.6 ml of Hp culture broth (brain-heart infusion) containing 1 x 10 8-1 x 10 9 CFU/ml. Another group of mice were inoculated with sterile saline. After two months the mice were killed and their stomachs studied. They were divided into groups: a) 6 Hp negative control mice. b) 8 Hp negative mice with prior intra-peritoneal injection of 25 mg/Kg indomethacin (24 hs.) c) 8 mice inoculated with Hp with indomethacin. d) 8 mice inoculated with Hp, without indomethacin. The stomachs were opened along the greater curvature and photographed macroscopically in order to map the necrotic area. The antrums were biopsied to test for urease and separate antrum and body specimens were send for staining with Warthin-Starry H & B and histopathology. RESULTS: All the mice inoculated with Hp acquired the infection. The necrotic area was larger in Group B: 55.5 +/- 7.87 mm than in Group C: 15 +/- 1.82 mm P < 0.00019. HISTOLOGY: Group A: normal mucosa. Group B: extensive coagulation necrosis and focal erosions. Group C: ulcers with inflammatory infiltrate and smaller necrotic area, presence of Hp on the surface epithelium. Group D: no ulcers, Hp present. CONCLUSION: An animal model of Hp infection was successfully developed Hp infection could play a potentially protective role against indomethacin aggression in the mouse.

Modelo experimental de infección por Helicobacter pylori en el ratón. Estudio del daño gástrico producido por indometacina. / [Experimental model of infection of Helicobacter pylori in the mouse. A study of gastric damage caused by indomethacin]

INTRODUCTION: The action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the Helicobacter Pylori (Hp) infected mucosa is a matter of debate. Some authors consider them to cause additive iatrogeny whilst others attribute a purportedly protective action to them. The development of on experimental animal model could help clarify this phenomenon. OBJECTIVES: 1--To develop an animal model of Hp gastric infection. 2--To evaluate the aggressiveness of NSAIDs in this model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male 6 month old BALC/C mice weighing 38 g were studied. Pylori Hp infection was ruled out. On three occasions, in the same week, 18 mice were inoculated intra-gastrically with 0.6 ml of Hp culture broth (brain-heart infusion) containing 1 x 10 8-1 x 10 9 CFU/ml. Another group of mice were inoculated with sterile saline. After two months the mice were killed and their stomachs studied. They were divided into groups: a) 6 Hp negative control mice. b) 8 Hp negative mice with prior intra-peritoneal injection of 25 mg/Kg indomethacin (24 hs.) c) 8 mice inoculated with Hp with indomethacin. d) 8 mice inoculated with Hp, without indomethacin. The stomachs were opened along the greater curvature and photographed macroscopically in order to map the necrotic area. The antrums were biopsied to test for urease and separate antrum and body specimens were send for staining with Warthin-Starry H & B and histopathology. RESULTS: All the mice inoculated with Hp acquired the infection. The necrotic area was larger in Group B: 55.5 +/- 7.87 mm than in Group C: 15 +/- 1.82 mm P < 0.00019. HISTOLOGY: Group A: normal mucosa. Group B: extensive coagulation necrosis and focal erosions. Group C: ulcers with inflammatory infiltrate and smaller necrotic area, presence of Hp on the surface epithelium. Group D: no ulcers, Hp present. CONCLUSION: An animal model of Hp infection was successfully developed Hp infection could play a potentially protective role against indomethacin aggression in the mouse.

Modelo experimental de infeccion por Helicobacter pylori en el raton. Estudio del dano gastrico producido por indometacina / Experimental model of infection of Helicobacter pylori in the mouse. A study of gastric damage caused by indomethacin

INTRODUCTION: The action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the Helicobacter Pylori (Hp) infected mucosa is a matter of debate. Some authors consider them to cause additive iatrogeny whilst others attribute a purportedly protective action to them. The development of on experimental animal model could help clarify this phenomenon. OBJECTIVES: 1--To develop an animal model of Hp gastric infection. 2--To evaluate the aggressiveness of NSAIDs in this model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male 6 month old BALC/C mice weighing 38 g were studied. Pylori Hp infection was ruled out. On three occasions, in the same week, 18 mice were inoculated intra-gastrically with 0.6 ml of Hp culture broth (brain-heart infusion) containing 1 x 10 8-1 x 10 9 CFU/ml. Another group of mice were inoculated with sterile saline. After two months the mice were killed and their stomachs studied. They were divided into groups: a) 6 Hp negative control mice. b) 8 Hp negative mice with prior intra-peritoneal injection of 25 mg/Kg indomethacin (24 hs.) c) 8 mice inoculated with Hp with indomethacin. d) 8 mice inoculated with Hp, without indomethacin. The stomachs were opened along the greater curvature and photographed macroscopically in order to map the necrotic area. The antrums were biopsied to test for urease and separate antrum and body specimens were send for staining with Warthin-Starry H & B and histopathology. RESULTS: All the mice inoculated with Hp acquired the infection. The necrotic area was larger in Group B: 55.5 +/- 7.87 mm than in Group C: 15 +/- 1.82 mm P < 0.00019. HISTOLOGY: Group A: normal mucosa. Group B: extensive coagulation necrosis and focal erosions. Group C: ulcers with inflammatory infiltrate and smaller necrotic area, presence of Hp on the surface epithelium. Group D: no ulcers, Hp present. CONCLUSION: An animal model of Hp infection was successfully developed Hp infection could play a potentially protective role against indomethacin aggression in the mouse. (AU)

Modelo experimental de infeccion por Helicobacter pylori en el raton. Estudio del dano gastrico producido por indometacina / Experimental model of infection of Helicobacter pylori in the mouse. A study of gastric damage caused by indomethacin

INTRODUCTION: The action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the Helicobacter Pylori (Hp) infected mucosa is a matter of debate. Some authors consider them to cause additive iatrogeny whilst others attribute a purportedly protective action to them. The development of on experimental animal model could help clarify this phenomenon. OBJECTIVES: 1--To develop an animal model of Hp gastric infection. 2--To evaluate the aggressiveness of NSAIDs in this model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male 6 month old BALC/C mice weighing 38 g were studied. Pylori Hp infection was ruled out. On three occasions, in the same week, 18 mice were inoculated intra-gastrically with 0.6 ml of Hp culture broth (brain-heart infusion) containing 1 x 10 8-1 x 10 9 CFU/ml. Another group of mice were inoculated with sterile saline. After two months the mice were killed and their stomachs studied. They were divided into groups: a) 6 Hp negative control mice. b) 8 Hp negative mice with prior intra-peritoneal injection of 25 mg/Kg indomethacin (24 hs.) c) 8 mice inoculated with Hp with indomethacin. d) 8 mice inoculated with Hp, without indomethacin. The stomachs were opened along the greater curvature and photographed macroscopically in order to map the necrotic area. The antrums were biopsied to test for urease and separate antrum and body specimens were send for staining with Warthin-Starry H & B and histopathology. RESULTS: All the mice inoculated with Hp acquired the infection. The necrotic area was larger in Group B: 55.5 +/- 7.87 mm than in Group C: 15 +/- 1.82 mm P < 0.00019. HISTOLOGY: Group A: normal mucosa. Group B: extensive coagulation necrosis and focal erosions. Group C: ulcers with inflammatory infiltrate and smaller necrotic area, presence of Hp on the surface epithelium. Group D: no ulcers, Hp present. CONCLUSION: An animal model of Hp infection was successfully developed Hp infection could play a potentially protective role against indomethacin aggression in the mouse.

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Nigerians, Jamaicans and US blacks.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and associated risk factors were compared in sample surveys in Africa and the Caribbean with the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES-III) from the United States. A total of 856 Nigerians, 1286 Jamaicans, and 1827 US blacks were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI) increased in a stepwise fashion across the three populations groups, ie, 23 kg/m2 in Nigerians, 26 kg/m2 in Jamaicans, and 28 kg/m2 in US blacks. The corresponding age-adjusted prevalences of type 2 diabetes among persons aged 25-74, were 1%, 12%, 13%. Jamaican women were found to have the same prevalence of type 2 diabetes as US women (14 vs 13%, respectively); mean BMI was likewise very similar (28 kg/m2 in Jamaican and 29 kg/m2 in US women). BMI and waist-to-hip ratio were both associated with type 2 diabetes prevalence. Findings of this study confirm the marked gradient in type 2 diabetes risk among these genetically related populations and suggest that the blacks in the island nations of the Caribbean and the United States are at particularly high risk. Nigerians exhibited remarkably well-preserved glucose tolerance. Understanding the factors that limit the risk of type 2 diabetes in West Africa, beyond relative absence of obesity, would have considerable public health significance.

[Acute and chronic diarrhea in AIDS: study of 435 (HIV+) patients, in Buenos Aires]. / Diarrea aguda y crónica en SIDA: estudio de 435 pacientes HIV(+), en Buenos Aires.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the rate of Diarrhoea in an infected HIV population of our medium. Assessment of its etiology, risk factors and response to treatment in both presentation of disease (Acute and chronic). DESIGN: This is a retrospective analysis of HIV and/or AIDS patients and diarrhea. The analytic points were: the clinical pattern of diarrhea (acute or chronic), risk factors, age, sex, etiology, stage of the disease, and response rate to treatment. PLACE: Hospital Prof. A. Posadas, that is situated in the greater Buenos Aires, and that functions as a referral centre for AIDS patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 435 case records that were followed up through June 1987/ March 1994 were reviewed; 109 of the total number suffered from diarrhea. RESULTS: The rate of diarrhoea in the studied population was 25% (109/435). This represented the first symptom of HIV infection in 18.3% of the patients (20/109), 49% had acute diarrhea and 51% had chronic diarrhea. An etiologic agent was established in 52.3% of the chronic diarrhoeas and in the 17.7% of the acute ones, with a 35.4% of a global isolation when basic stool test were made. Sixty three percent of the patients with chronic diarrhoea were in stage IV of HIV infection. The 78.3% of the acute diarrhoeas and 46% of the chronic ones were responsive to specific or symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: HIV antibodies determinations should be included in the study protocol of diarrhea, especially in young patients. Chronic diarrhea could be related to final stages of the disease, with lower response to treatment. Endoscopy studies should be useful when the stool tests are negative, specially in the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Mycobacterium complex avium intracellulare (MAI) search.

Survey of the levels of antimicrobial resistance in Argentina: WHONET program--1991 to 1994.

The World Health Organization has implemented an international program of antibiotic resistance survey, called WHONET, with the participation of 121 laboratories from 41 countries around the world. Argentina joined WHONET program in 1989. Five hospitals from Buenos Aires are taking part, under the coordination of the National Institute of Microbiology 'Dr. C. Malbran'. From the results obtained between 1991 and 1994, the low level of susceptibility to aminopenicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides is remarkable. On the other hand, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. have not been detected and imipenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. isolates has not overcome 7% and 11%, respectively. Analytical programs utilizing these data aid in the understanding of the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance and in the development of rational antibiotic prescription practices and infection control procedures.

Diagnòstico de las ataxias en la infancia: (I parte) / Diagnosis of ataxias in childhood

Se realiza revisión bibliográfica de las ataxias en la infancia como entidad. Se describen las diferentes formas clìnicas de las ataxias agudas. Se realiza exposición sobre el cuadro clínico y diagnóstico por medios auxiliares, de las diferentes formas de ataxias según su localización: intoxicaciones que afectan el cerebelo,encefalitis del tronco cerebral, cerebelitis viral y posinfección, ataxia cerebelosa aguda de etiología desconocida, hemorrágica cerebelosa, alteraciones y lesiones laberínticas e hipertermia y contusión cerebelosa

Diagnòstico de las ataxias en la infancia: (I parte) / Diagnosis of ataxias in childhood

Se realiza revisión bibliográfica de las ataxias en la infancia como entidad. Se describen las diferentes formas clìnicas de las ataxias agudas. Se realiza exposición sobre el cuadro clínico y diagnóstico por medios auxiliares, de las diferentes formas de ataxias según su localización: intoxicaciones que afectan el cerebelo,encefalitis del tronco cerebral, cerebelitis viral y posinfección, ataxia cerebelosa aguda de etiología desconocida, hemorrágica cerebelosa, alteraciones y lesiones laberínticas e hipertermia y contusión cerebelosa

Lipofuscinosis ceroide neuronal: estudio neurofisiológico y morfológico en un paciente / Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: neurophysiological and morphological study of a patient

Se realiza revisión de la lipofuscinosis ceroide neuronal (LCN) como patología. Se presenta el caso de un escolar de 9 años de edad portadora de una LCN variedad Spielmeyer-Vogt. La misma fue corroborada por las investigaciones neurofisiológicas realizadas que incluían retinograma, potenciales visuales evocados y electroencefalograma. Se realizó biopsia conjuntival y estudio ultraestructural que demuestra las alteraciones lisosomales

Lipofuscinosis ceroide neuronal: estudio neurofisiológico y morfológico en un paciente / Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: neurophysiological and morphological study of a patient

Se realiza revisión de la lipofuscinosis ceroide neuronal (LCN) como patología. Se presenta el caso de un escolar de 9 años de edad portadora de una LCN variedad Spielmeyer-Vogt. La misma fue corroborada por las investigaciones neurofisiológicas realizadas que incluían retinograma, potenciales visuales evocados y electroencefalograma. Se realizó biopsia conjuntival y estudio ultraestructural que demuestra las alteraciones lisosomales

Alteraciones del sueño: presentación de dos casos de hipersomnia idiopática / Sleep disorders: report of a 2 cases of idiopathic hypersomnia

Se presentan dos casos de hipersomnia idiopática en niños menores de 5 años los cuales no respondieron al tratamiento con psicoestimulantes. A ambos se les administró L-Dopa obteniéndose una respuesta satisfactoria a las 48 horas del inicio del mismo, no presentando recaídas desde entonces. Se revisan las causas etiológicas de la entidad (AU)

Alteraciones del sueño: presentación de dos casos de hipersomnia idiopática / Sleep disorders: report of a 2 cases of idiopathic hypersomnia

Se presentan dos casos de hipersomnia idiopática en niños menores de 5 años los cuales no respondieron al tratamiento con psicoestimulantes. A ambos se les administró L-Dopa obteniéndose una respuesta satisfactoria a las 48 horas del inicio del mismo, no presentando recaídas desde entonces. Se revisan las causas etiológicas de la entidad

Epilepsia parcial continua: presentación de un caso / Continuous partial epilepsy: report of a case

Se realiza una revisión de la epilepsia parcial continua (EPC. Se presenta un caso de una escolar de nueve años que presentó un cuadro de EPC después de haber sufrido una meningoencefalitis viral. Se describe la evolución de la paciente y se señala la mejoría de la misma con el uso del interferón como tratamiento

Epilepsia parcial continua: presentación de un caso / Continuous partial epilepsy: report of a case

Se realiza una revisión de la epilepsia parcial continua (EPC. Se presenta un caso de una escolar de nueve años que presentó un cuadro de EPC después de haber sufrido una meningoencefalitis viral. Se describe la evolución de la paciente y se señala la mejoría de la misma con el uso del interferón como tratamiento

Evaluación del método de detección de anticuerpos heterófilos con eritrocitos de caballo / Evaluation of a ethod for the detection of heterphile antibodies with erythrocytes of horses

Se estudiaron 255 pacientes entre niños y adultos, a los cuales se les indicó la prueba de Paul y Bunnell; a éstos se les realizó además una prueba que detecta anticuerpos heterófilos utilizando hematíes de caballo formalizados. En la comparación de ambas pruebas se demostró la neta superioridad evidente en sencillez y especificidad de la utilización preferencial para el diagnóstico de la mononucleosis infecciosa (AU)

Evaluación del método de detección de anticuerpos heterófilos con eritrocitos de caballo / Evaluation of a method for the detection of heterphile antibodies with erythrocytes of horses

Se estudiaron 255 pacientes entre niños y adultos, a los cuales se les indicó la prueba de Paul y Bunnell; a éstos se les realizó además una prueba que detecta anticuerpos heterófilos utilizando hematíes de caballo formalizados. En la comparación de ambas pruebas se demostró la neta superioridad evidente en sencillez y especificidad de la utilización preferencial para el diagnóstico de la mononucleosis infecciosa