[Short-term outcomes of mechanical and hand-sewn laparoscopic one-anastomosis mini-gastric bypass]. / Sravnitel'naya otsenka blizhaishikh rezul'tatov laparoskopicheskogo minigastroshuntirovaniya s apparatnym i manual'nym sposobami formirovaniya gastroeyunoanastomoza.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term outcomes of mechanical and hand-sewn laparoscopic one-anastomosis mini-gastric bypass. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 233 patients who underwent laparoscopic one-anastomosis mini-gastric bypass. Short-term results were analyzed in groups of mechanical (the first group, n=108) and hand-sewn (the second group, n=125) gastrojejunostomy. No significant between-group differences in baseline data were detected (demographic characteristics, body mass index, comorbidity and previous abdominal surgeries). RESULTS: Surgery time and blood loss were similar in both groups. Intraoperative morbidity was 7.2-10.2% (p=0.485). All complications required no surgical conversion (Satava-Kazaryan grade I). Overall postoperative morbidity was 16.0-21.3% (p=0.314). Most events corresponded to Accordion grade I and had no significant effect on hospital-stay. CONCLUSION: This study revealed no significant differences in short-term outcomes after laparoscopic one-anastomosis gastric bypass with mechanical and hand-sewn gastrojejunostomy. Further study of long-term clinical outcomes is necessary.

An ultraluminous X-ray source powered by an accreting neutron star.

The majority of ultraluminous X-ray sources are point sources that are spatially offset from the nuclei of nearby galaxies and whose X-ray luminosities exceed the theoretical maximum for spherical infall (the Eddington limit) onto stellar-mass black holes. Their X-ray luminosities in the 0.5-10 kiloelectronvolt energy band range from 10(39) to 10(41) ergs per second. Because higher masses imply less extreme ratios of the luminosity to the isotropic Eddington limit, theoretical models have focused on black hole rather than neutron star systems. The most challenging sources to explain are those at the luminous end of the range (more than 10(40) ergs per second), which require black hole masses of 50-100 times the solar value or significant departures from the standard thin disk accretion that powers bright Galactic X-ray binaries, or both. Here we report broadband X-ray observations of the nuclear region of the galaxy M82 that reveal pulsations with an average period of 1.37 seconds and a 2.5-day sinusoidal modulation. The pulsations result from the rotation of a magnetized neutron star, and the modulation arises from its binary orbit. The pulsed flux alone corresponds to an X-ray luminosity in the 3-30 kiloelectronvolt range of 4.9 × 10(39) ergs per second. The pulsating source is spatially coincident with a variable source that can reach an X-ray luminosity in the 0.3-10 kiloelectronvolt range of 1.8 × 10(40) ergs per second. This association implies a luminosity of about 100 times the Eddington limit for a 1.4-solar-mass object, or more than ten times brighter than any known accreting pulsar. This implies that neutron stars may not be rare in the ultraluminous X-ray population, and it challenges physical models for the accretion of matter onto magnetized compact objects.

Detection prospects for GeV neutrinos from collisionally heated gamma-ray bursts with IceCube/DeepCore.

Jet reheating via nuclear collisions has recently been proposed as the main mechanism for gamma-ray burst (GRB) emission. In addition to producing the observed gamma rays, collisional heating must generate 10-100 GeV neutrinos, implying a close relation between the neutrino and gamma-ray luminosities. We exploit this theoretical relation to make predictions for possible GRB detections by IceCube + DeepCore. To estimate the expected neutrino signal, we use the largest sample of bursts observed by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment in 1991-2000. GRB neutrinos could have been detected if IceCube + DeepCore operated at that time. Detection of 10-100 GeV neutrinos would have significant implications, shedding light on the composition of GRB jets and their Lorentz factors. This could be an important target in designing future upgrades of the IceCube + DeepCore observatory.