[French Urological Association (AFU) guidelines for Peyronie's disease assessment and treatment]. / Recommandations pour l'évaluation et la prise en charge de la maladie de Lapeyronie : rapport du comité d'andrologie et de médecine sexuelle de l'AFU.

INTRODUCTION: Peyronie's disease is a common cause for consultation in urology. Many controversies surround its treatment. No French Guidelines have been published so far. The Committee of Andrology and Sexual Medicine of the French Association of Urology therefore offers a series of evidence-based recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: These recommendations are made according to the ADAPTE method, based on European (EAU, ESSM), American (AUA, ISSM) and Canadian (CAU) recommendations, integrating French specificities due to the availability of treatments, and an update of the recent bibliography. RESULTS: The assessment of the disease is clinical. Patients with functional impairment or significant psychological repercussions may be offered treatment. The benefits and drawbacks of each treatment should be explained to the patient. Regarding non-surgical treatments, no available treatment has market authorization in France. Vitamin E is not recommended. Analgesic (oral or low-intensity shock waves) or proerectile treatments may be offered as needed, as well as traction therapy. Due to the unavailability of collagenase injections, verapamil injections may be offered. Surgical treatments are to be considered in the stabilized phase of the disease, and consist of performing a plication, an incision-graft or the placement of a penile implant according to the patient's wishes, the curvature and the penis size, as well as erectile function. Combination treatments can be offered. CONCLUSION: The management of Peyronie's disease is complex, and the levels of evidence for treatments are generally low. The success of treatment will depend on the quality of the initial assessment, the patient's information and understanding of the expected effects, and the practitioner's experience.

[Biotherapies for erectile dysfunction and Peyronie's disease: Where are we now?] / Biothérapies pour les troubles de l'érection et la maladie de la Peyronie : ou en est-on ?

INTRODUCTION: Clinical trials of cell therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) and Peyronie's disease (PD) were recently conducted after preclinical studies. AIMS: The aims of this study are to give an update on biotherapy for ED and PD and to describe the regulatory framework for these therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was performed through PubMed and Clinical.trials.gov addressing cell therapy for ED and PD and using following keywords "erectile dysfunction", "Peyronie's disease", "stem cell", and "platelet-rich plasma". RESULTS: Preclinical studies in rodent models have shown the potential benefit of cell therapy for ED after radical prostatectomy or caused by metabolic diseases, and PD. The tissues used to obtain the therapeutic product were bone marrow, adipose tissue and blood (PRP, platelet-rich plasma). Mechanism of action was shown to be temporary and mainly paracrine. Four clinical trials were published concerning ED after radical prostatectomy and in diabetic patients and one for PD. Eleven clinical trials including three randomized trials are currently going on. Preclinical and preliminary clinical results suggested the possibility to improve spontaneous erectile function and response to pharmaceutical treatment in initially non-responder patients. This effect is mediated by an improvement of penile vascularization. A reduction of penile curvature without side effect was noted after injections into the plaque of PD patients. Most of these therapeutic strategies using autologous cells were considered as "Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products" with strict regulatory frameworks imposing heavy constraints, in particular in case of "substantial" modification of the cells. The regulatory framework remains unclear and more permissive for PRP and cell therapy processes with extemporaneous preparation/injection and no "substantial" modifications. CONCLUSIONS: First results on cell therapy for ED and PD are promising. The regulatory framework can significantly change according to cell preparations and origins leading to various constraints. This regulatory framework is crucial to consider for the choice of the procedure.

[Penile prosthesis implantation: Indications and outcomes]. / Indications et résultats des implants péniens.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to present the indications and the outcomes of penile prosthesis implantation. METHODS: A literature review was performed through PubMed using the following keywords: penile implantation ; penile prosthesis; erectile dysfunction. RESULTS: Evolution of penile prosthesis devices led to get a fiable and effective treatment for men with erectile dysfunction who do not respond to less invasive therapy. Penile implant can also be useful in the treatment of Peyronie's disease, priapism and transgender surgery. Precise information related to this surgery, especially complications, permits to obtain high satisfaction scores. CONCLUSION: Penile implant is a reliable and safe solution for the management of erectile dysfunction resulting to high couple satisfaction ratings.

[Should we recommend an erectile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy? Systematic review of the literature by the Sexual Medicine Committee of the French Urology Association]. / Doit on proposer une rééducation érectile après prostatectomie radicale ? revue de la littérature du CAMS de l'AFU.

INTRODUCTION: Radical prostatectomy has evolved considerably during the last 20 years, with one hand, a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the prostate, and secondly, the introduction of new conservation techniques of neurovascular bundles. Despite this progress, the rate of post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction varies between 30 and 90% depending on the series and this element impacts the quality of life after radical prostatectomy. The objective of this work was to conduct a review of the literature in order to evaluate the various protocols of post-radical prostatectomy erectile rehabilitation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A systematic review of the literature from the basic PubMed search was performed using the following keywords. Therapy erectile dysfunction, radical prostatectomy, penile rehabilitation, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, intracavernous injection. RESULTS: The critical analysis of selected studies highlights the lack of standard protocol that established erectile rehabilitation early after radical prostatectomy. These studies have shown that early treatment, injections or intracavernous PDE5 inhibitors improved recovery of erections as recommended by the French Association of Urology. CONCLUSION: Management of disorders of post-radical prostatectomy sexuality is essential, it must be organized in a well-established protocol combining pharmacological and therapeutic education assistances delivered by practitioners or nurses. It would need to develop in a clinical trial a standard protocol.

[Efficacy of periurethral injections of polyacrylamide hydrogel (Bulkamid(®)) and quality of life of patients with urinary incontinence due to sphincter deficiency (IUE-IS)]. / Efficacité des injections péri-urétrales de polyacrylamide hydrogel (Bulkamid(®)) et qualité de vie de patientes souffrant d'incontinence urinaire d'effort par insuffisance sphinctérienne (IUE-IS).

INTRODUCTION: This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of periurethral injection of polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG, Bulkamid(®), Ethicon) for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: Single-center prospective study: periurethral injection of Bulkamid(®) was performed in 80 patients with severe urinary incontinence between June 2010 and October 2011. The evaluation of the impact on quality of life was carried out using the Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S), the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) before and after treatment. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 18.6 ± 5.3 months, 60% of patients had improved. For 30/74 (40%) there was no improvement and no patient had worsening of PGI-I after injection. Before surgery, 55.4% of patients considered their condition as severe (PGI-S). After injecting 21/74 (28%) and 11/74 (15%) considered it normal and severe (zero leakage). The ICIQ -SF score increased from 17 ± 2.84 before injection to 13 ± 5.52 after surgery, with a significant 30% decrease (P<0.00001). The reinjection rate was 29%. The complication rate was 16% (17/108): 11 cases of transient postoperative retention, 2 cases of cystitis, dysuria four episodes. No abscess or infection at the injection site, no specific complication to the product used. CONCLUSION: With an (PGI-I) improvement rate of 60 and 15% of patients without leakage (PGI-S/ICIQ), periurethral injection of Bulkamid(®) is an effective and safe treatment option for women with a severe urinary incontinence especially in therapeutic failure. LEVEL OF PROOF: 4.

[Consequences of coelioscopic sacrocolopoxy on the sexuality of the couple]. / Impact des cures de prolapsus pelviens par promontofixation laparoscopique sur la sexualité du couple.

AIM: To assess the impact on the sexuality of the couple of pelvic organ prolapse repair with coelioscopic sacrocolopoxy. MATERIAL: Pilot, prospective, monocentre study conducted in Nîmes university hospital. Consecutive patients undergoing coelioscopic sacrocolpopexy and their partner were invited to participate. Women attended a pre-surgical visit and a 6-month post-surgery visit where pelvic organ prolapse status was clinically assessed. In the same time, they and their partner filled general quality of life and specific sexual quality of life questionnaires (questionnaires PISQ12, PFDI-20 in women, medical history, IIEF, modified PISQ12 questionnaires in men). RESULTS: From May to December 2010, 25 couples were assessed. Anatomical success rates (POPQ<2) in the middle, anterior and posterior compartments were respectively of 100%, 95.4% and 66.7%. After surgery, 65.2% of pairs (n=15) reported an at least hebdomadal frequency of sexual intercourse, as compared with 54.2% (n=13) of pairs before surgery (P<0.001). Two cases of decrease of sexual intercourses frequency were reported and appeared partner-related. There was an overall non-significant improvement in sexual quality of life in men and women. General pelvic organ distress, urinary incontinence and specific pelvic organ prolapse distresses were significantly improved after surgery. CONCLUSION: Coelioscopic sacrocolpopexy does not impair couple's sexuality, assessed as sexual intercourses frequency and could even improve it. Partner's assessment can bring important information with respect to the interpretation of functional sexual results of surgery.

[Treatment of women urinary incontinence by artificial urinary sphincter: efficacy, complications and survival]. / Traitement de l'incontinence urinaire par sphincters urinaires artificiels chez la femme : efficacité, complications et survie.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze long-term results and mechanical survival of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) AMS 800™ (American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, MN, USA) in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were collected prospectively from women treated for SUI at one university hospital between 1987 and 2007. Inclusion criteria was SUI with severe ISD defined by low urodynamic closure pressure and negative continence tests. Endpoints were survival, complications and continence. RESULTS: A total of 376 AUS were implanted in 344 patients with a median age of 57 years (18-93 years). The median follow-up was 9 years (3-20 years). The 3, 5, and 10 years global device survival were 92, 88.6, and 69.2% respectively. The mean mechanical survival was 176 months (14.7 years). The two main risk factors for decreased AUS survival were the number of previous incontinence surgeries and the presence of neurogenic bladder. The continence rates assessed as full (no leakage) in 85.64% patients, social (some drops but no pad) in 8.78% and incontinence (1 pad or more) in 5.58%. CONCLUSIONS: The study has shown that in patients with ISD, the AUS represents an effective process, durable with an acceptable rate of complication.

[Functional MRI by general radiologists in prediction of side-specific extracapsular extension after radical prostatectomy: what value in daily practice?]. / IRM fonctionnelle par des radiologues généralistes, dans la prédiction de l'extension extracapsulaire lobe spécifique après prostatectomie radicale : quelle valeur en pratique quotidienne ?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of functional MRI (FMRI) performed by general radiologists (GR) in detection of side-specific extracapsular extension (SSECE) prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 79 patients who underwent FMRI with pelvic phased array coil before radical prostatectomy (RP) performed at University Hospital (UH) of Nîmes. Twelve GR (including three from UH) interpreted the images during their daily practice. FMRI results were dichotomized as positive or negative and confronted to pathological reports for SSECE and side-specific seminal vesicle invasion (SSSVI), with calculation of diagnostic values. The influence of interval between biopsy and FMRI, diffusion-weighted sequence (DWS) and intensity of FMRI, on the diagnostic performance were assessed by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: A SSECE and a SSSVI were observed at FMRI and pathology respectively on 14 (8.8%) and 38 (24.1%) prostate lobes, and on six (3.8%) and seven (4.4%) prostate lobes. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of FMRI for SSECE were respectively 24%, 96%, 64% and 80%; and for SSSVI were 14%, 97%, 17% and 96% respectively. The time between biopsy and FMRI, intensity of FMRI and DWS, did not influence the sensitivity and specificity of fMRI at Fisher test. CONCLUSION: This study found that preoperative prostate FMRI performed by GR has good specificity but poor sensitivity in predicting SSECE on pathological reports.

[Interest of flexible videocystoscopy in blue light (+Hexvix(®)) in consultation for the diagnosis of vesical tumor]. / Intérêt de la vidéocystoscopie souple en lumière bleue (+Hexvix(®)) en consultation pour le diagnostic des tumeurs de vessie.

OBJECTIVES: Estimate the feasibility and the results of the realization in consultation of a flexible videocystoscopy in blue light preceded by an instillation of Hexvix(®) (GE Healthcare) for the initial diagnosis or the surveillance of vesicals tumors (VT). The objective of this study was to compare the number of hurts seen in white light and in blue light, and to estimate in which percentage of case the use of the Hexvix(®) in consultation modified the care. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients (26 men and four women) were estimated prospectively by vesical videofibroscopy in blue light (Wolf's PD videofibroscope) realized 1 hour after an endovesical instillation of Hexvix(®). All the examinations were realized in external consultation under local anesthetic by xylocaine gel: 23 (76.6%) patients within the framework of a surveillance of VT and seven (23.4%) for the diagnosis of a hematuria with normal echography. When a suspect hurt or a VT was discovered, the patients benefited from an endoscopic resection under anesthesia with new cystoscopy in blue light. RESULTS: Suspect hurts were revealed in 10 out of 30 patients, five in white and blue light, five in blue light only. Among the five only visible hurts in blue light, three were urothelial tumors (any pTa of bottom-rank, less of 5 mm) and two non-specific hurts. No CIS's hurt was revealed during this study. The fibroscopy in blue light allowed to diagnose invisible hurts in white light in three patients (10%) and has modified the care of five patients (16.7%). The duration of the cystoscopy was on average of 9.5 minutes. The tolerance of the examination was good and no complication arose. CONCLUSION: The use of the flexible videocystoscopy in blue light +Hexvix(®) has allowed to improve the rate of detection of VT. Except CIS's hurts, this improvement was bound to the diagnosis of little aggressive small-sized VT. The indications must be specified by studies of bigger scale and a medical economic evaluation.

[Feasibility and results of mid-urethral sling surgery after transurethral injections for stress urinary incontinence in women]. / Faisabilité et résultats des bandelettes sous-urétrales après échec des injections trans-urétrales dans l'incontinence urinaire d'effort de la femme.

OBJECTIVE: To assess feasibility and results of mid-urethral sling placement for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in adult women after transurethral injection therapy failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eleven patients were operated on for a mid-urethral sling placement after at least one transurethral injection therapy, from January 2005 to February 2008. Injections were performed for moderate non-daily SUI, or according to patient willingness, or for SUI surgical history. Mean age at the time of surgery was 59.9 years (range: 33 to 84). RESULTS: Mean operative time, including control cystoscopy time during TVT placement, was 26 minutes (20-35). There were no peri-operative complications, nor problems for dissection or tape placement. At a mean follow-up of 9.9 months (5-20), 9/11 (81%) patients were dry with no lower urinary tract disorders. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: SUI treatment by mid-urethral sling after transurethral injections failure is feasible not bothered by the injected material and effective at short-term.

The use of an artificial urinary sphincter in women with type III incontinence and a negative Marshall test.

PURPOSE: We evaluate the efficacy of the AMS 800 artificial urinary sphincter in women with type III incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 207 women with genuine stress incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency. Primary inclusion criterion was a negative Marshall test. A modified surgical procedure was used to implant the AMS 800 through an abdominal approach, with placement of the cuff around the bladder neck between the periurethral fascia and vagina. Followup data were available for 206 women, including 179 with nonneurogenic and 27 with neurogenic bladders (mean followup 3.9 years). RESULTS: There were 12 (5.9%) explantations due to the prosthesis either through an erosion, extrusion or both that were necessary. The only significant risk factor for explantation was perioperative injury. This injury resulted in 8 explantations in 49 patients compared with 4 in 155 who did not have such injuries (p = 0.0016). Of the 190 patients with working devices continence was achieved in 88.7% (49 of 168) and 81.8% (18 of 22) of those with nonneurogenic and neurogenic bladders, respectively. Social continence (slight leakage but no pad use) was reported by 7.7% (13 of 168) and 9.1% (2 of 22) of patients in the nonneurogenic and neurogenic groups, respectively. The remaining patients reported leakage and pad use. CONCLUSIONS: The AMS 800 can be used successfully to treat women with genuine stress incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency. The modified surgical approach resulted in fewer perioperative injuries and, consequently, a low explantation rate. Women with genuine stress incontinence, a low urethral closure pressure and negative Marshall test indicating severe intrinsic sphincter deficiency are potential candidates for artificial urinary sphincter implantation.

Artificial urinary sphincter AMS 800 for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: the French experience.

Post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PRP-UI) has a major negative impact on the patient's quality of life with the incidence accounting for over 30% on a patient questionnaire basis. In 1995 the French Urological Association started a prospective survey to investigate the efficacy and safety of the AMS 800 artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) in PRP-UI, and preliminary results are presented for the 103 men enrolled in the study in whom bulbar urethral cuff placement was used exclusively. Surgical revision was necessary in 22 patients (21%). Infection and erosion accounted for 12 non-mechanical revisions leading to complete removal of 6 AUS and to eventual replacement of 6 devices with new ones. Mechanical malfunction accounted for revision in l0 patients (9.7%). Fifty-nine patients (61.45%) reported no leakage for the 96 working devices. Twenty-seven patients (28%) wore no pads, 3 patients used 1 pad and 4 patients used 2 pads/day, and all these patients reported improvement, with only 3 patients (3%) having had more than 2 pads/day. Currently, no non-prosthetic procedure reliably affords such good objective results. Insertion of the AMS 800 AUS no doubt represents an attractive treatment modality available for male urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy.

[Neuroendocrine tumor of the bladder apropos of a case. Review of the literature]. / Tumeur neuroendocrine de vessie à propos d'un cas. Revue de la littérature.

Neuroendocrine bladder tumours are exceptional, and the positive diagnosis is only established when they are already large and advanced. We report an original case in view of its small dimensions. We discuss the differential diagnosis (mainly bladder metastases from lung cancer) and pathological specificities, particularly the value of epithelial immunolabelling allowing exclusion of lymphoma. Because of the similarities with bronchial neuroendocrine tumours, the potential value of serum NSE assay should be emphasized. Combined surgery-cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended.