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Introduction: Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, affecting primarily the choroid of the eye. Plaque brachytherapy is the most common procedure for the treatment of small choroidal melanoma, especially in posteriorly located tumors. However, modern radiotherapy techniques, such as CyberKnife or Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and proton beam radiotherapy, have shown better results in tumor control and eye retention. Recent studies have indicated that SRS is a promising non-invasive, single-session treatment option, with most studies reporting the best outcomes when using ≥21-22 Gy. However, there is no consistent protocol for managing this pathology using CyberKnife, not only in terms of dose but also fractions. Case Presentations: Here, we report the first case series of patients (n = 4, age range 38-64 years, median age 52.5 years) with choroidal UM in Central America who were treated with CyberKnife SRS (22 Gy in one session). During the follow-up (range 25-29 months, median 27.5 months), a 100% control rate with no systemic metastatic disease has been achieved. We found a statistically significant reduction in the largest basal diameter at 24 months for all tumors. However, visual acuity has progressively decreased in most patients. Notably, two of our patients developed radiation maculopathy, and the other two developed radiation retinopathy after SRS. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that future studies should evaluate the use of different prophylactic therapies to prevent the development of side effects. The clinical management of toxicities presented in our report can serve as a reference in the clinical practice of other centers. Our report supports the growing body of evidence showing that CyberKnife radiosurgery is a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of UM.
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Objetivo: a fin de contribuir con la clarificación y el desarrollo de conceptos útiles para la ciencia de enfermería en su práctica, este trabajo utilizó la metodología de Rodgers con el fin de proporcionar una definición del concepto "decisión de cambio" (DC) para el mejoramiento de conductas de salud en el contexto de las enfermedades crónicas (obesidad, hipertensión arterial y diabetes). Método: se realizó el análisis de evidencia empírica en bases de datos para identificar atributos, términos subrogados, antecedentes y consecuencias en relación con el concepto DC. De forma complementaria se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con codificación abierta. Resultados: la decisión de cambio es definida, entonces, como el proceso de elección que requiere de intención y actitud para comprometerse con responsabilidad en el mejoramiento de la conducta de salud, de manera efectiva y permanente respecto de las condiciones sociales y emocionales a las que una persona es sometida ante la presencia de una enfermedad crónica y que requiere de manera impostergable el apoyo familiar y profesional de salud. Conclusión: la decisión de cambio es un juicio de elección que requiere de voluntad permanente para cambiar las conductas de salud y resolver las posibles contingencias que pueda provocar una enfermedad crónica.
Objective: in order to clarify and develop useful concepts for nursing practice, this study used Rodger's methodology with the purpose of defining "Decision to Change" (DC) and thus improve health care behavior when dealing with chronic disease (obesity, hypertension, diabetes). Method: empirical evidence found in databases was analyzed in order to determine the attributes, subrogated terms, background and consequences in the DC concept. To complement this, semi-structured open coded interviews were also applied. Results: thus, the "Decision to Change" can de defined as electing an intention and an attitude to responsibly commit towards effectively and permanently improving behavior towards the social and emotional conditions surrounding a persona affected by chronic disease, who requires immediate support from family and health care providers. Conclusion: decision to change is a deliberate election that requires permanent determination to change health care behavior and solve eventual contingencies resulting from chronic illness.
Objetivo: a fim de contribuir com a classificação e o desenvolvimento de conceitos úteis para a ciência de enfermagem no contexto de sua prática, este trabalho utilizou a metodologia de Rodgers com o propósito de proporcionar uma definição do conceito "decisão de mudanças" (DM) para o melhoramento de condutas de saúde no contexto das doenças crônicas (obesidade, hipertensão arterial e diabetes). Métodos: realizou-se a análise de evidência empírica com bases de dados para identificar atributos, termos substitutos, antecedentes e consequências com relação ao conceito DM. De forma complementar, aplicaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com codificação aberta. Resultados: a DM é definida, então, como o processo de eleição que requer intenção e atitude para comprometer-se com responsabilidade no melhoramento da conduta de saúde, de maneira efetiva e permanente, com respeito às condições sociais e emocionais às quais uma pessoa é submetida na presença de doenças crônicas e que requer de maneira urgente o apoio familiar e profissional de saúde. Conclusão: a DM é um julgamento de escolha que requer vontade permanente para mudar as condutas de saúde e resolver as possíveis contingências que possa provocar uma doença crônica.
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Humanos , Saúde , Doença Crônica , Enfermagem , MéxicoRESUMO
Use of sexual material online (USMO) by young people has been connected with at-risk sexual behavior for HIV/AIDS. Media Richness and Social Cognitive theories propose that rich media offer more information with interactive and audible visual content, which could have a significant impact on people's thinking and behavior. The objective was to determine whether USMO presented by rich media has an influence on at-risk sexual behavior for HIV/AIDS. Two hundred young people participated in the study, and it was found that USMO from rich media is connected to at risk sexual behavior for HIV/AIDS (p<.01). Young people who use rich media for masturbation (F[2,189]=10.169, p<.001), arousal (F[2,189]=4.686, p<.05), stimulation (F[2,189]=8.382, p<.001), and seeking adventures (F[2,189]=6.406, p<.01) were more likely to show at risk sexual behavior for HIV/AIDS. The study also found that young people may experience pleasure from USMO in rich media and feel motivated to model what they observe.