Comparative Fluoride Ion Release Pre and Postrecharge Situations among Three Different Pediatric Dental Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study.

Objectives: To determine the initial fluoride (F) release and rerelease after recharge of three pediatric dental restorative materials when aged in artificial saliva (M1) and deionized water (M2). Materials and methods: A total of 30 disks, 10 disks of each restorative material R1: Jen Rainbow, Jen Dent Ukraine; R2: Tetric® N-Flow, Ivoclar Vivadent, and R3: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) (Fuji II LC- GC Corporation) were fabricated and were tested for F dynamics in two different media, M1: artificial saliva, M2: deionized water group. The F initial release was measured on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th day, and on the 31st day, acidulated phosphate F (APF) gel was applied and F rerelease was measured on the 31st, 37th, 44th, 51st, and 60th day using F ion-specific electrode (Orion). The result was statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test. Results: Fluoride (F) ion release was significantly higher in deionized water than in artificial saliva (M1), and F ion rerelease (after recharge) was significantly higher in artificial saliva (M1). Fuji-II LC demonstrated a significantly (p < 0.05) higher F release and rerelease among all the tested materials. Among the tested composites, R2: Tetric® N-Flow exhibited significantly higher F dynamics than R1: Jen Rainbow composite. Conclusion: All the tested restorative materials exhibited optimum F release (0.024 ppm, that is, the range to prevent newer carious lesions) in both the pre and postrecharge conditions. Even though Fuji-II LC demonstrated significantly better F dynamics in the tested scenarios, Tetric® N-Flow has the additional advantage of improved mechanical retentive and esthetic properties along with the optimum F release in pre and postrecharge scenarios. How to cite this article: Mathias MR, Rathi N, Bendgude VD, et al. Comparative Fluoride Ion Release Pre and Postrecharge Situations among Three Different Pediatric Dental Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):729-735.

Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy in Tongue Thrust Habit: A Narrative Review.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The respective review article is to provide an overview of the various exercises in orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) as a treatment modality for tongue thrust habit. Tongue thrust is the persistence of an infantile swallow pattern during late childhood. This leads to breathing and speech difficulties, open bite, and protruded teeth. During formative years, most children successfully transition from an infantile to a mature swallowing pattern. However, a few develop a retained infantile swallow and tongue thrust habit which could be due to abnormal habit like thumb sucking or an underlying cause like enlarged adenoids. Adverse effects of these habits can be avoided by early detection and intervention in a growing child. Tongue thrust can be treated in different ways with early diagnosis, removal of underlying causes, correcting tongue posture, and breaking of habit with the use of orthodontic appliances. This review article is focused on the various OMT techniques employed for the correction of tongue thrust. There are several exercises in OMT which can help a child with tongue thrust. These can be performed at home under the supervision of the child's parents. Orofacial myofunctional therapy has provided a dramatic and positive influence on patients treated for tongue thrust. The joy of eating, speaking, and correct breathing can be regained along with confidence, self-esteem, and improved quality of life. Clinically, OMT plays a positive role by not only improving swallow but also the posture of tongue, improper muscle function, and reduces relapse of previous orthodontic treatments. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Shah SS, Nankar MY, Bendgude VD, et al. Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy in Tongue Thrust Habit: A Narrative Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2):298-303.

Evaluation of Success Rate of Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair Compared to Vitapex in Pulpally Involved Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Vitapex has been a popular obturating material for several decades. In recent times, lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) has shown promising results. This technique uses a mixture of 3 antibiotics for sterilization of the root canals and healing of periradicular tissues. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to compile all the literature comparing Vitapex and LSTR for pulpally involved primary teeth and evaluate the success rate in terms of clinical and radiographic outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review is based on PRISMA guidelines. The electronic search on MEDLINE via PubMed database and Google scholar, cross-referencing and hand search of journals was carried out for articles from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2019. Articles only in the English language were selected. Out of the 17 articles, 3 unique articles were identified for the review, of which 2 were randomized controlled trials and 1 was a retrospective study. RESULTS: All the three articles were assessed for their quality and all had a low risk of bias. It was found that LSTR and Vitapex had a high clinical success after 12 months. The radiographic success after 6 months was high but decreased after 12 months in both the groups. CONCLUSION: There is no difference in the success rate of LSTR as compared to Vitapex for the treatment of pulpally involved primary teeth.

Comparison of effectiveness of quad helix appliance with other slow maxillary expanders in children with posterior crossbite: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The present review was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Quad Helix (QH) appliance with other slow maxillary expanders in children with posterior crossbite. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized controlled clinical trials and retrospective studies published between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2016, were identified from MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the National Institutes of Health Trials, Clinical Trials Registry India, Google Scholar and major journals. After a comprehensive search, the articles were independently screened for eligibility by two reviewers. All cross-reference lists of the selected studies were screened for any additional papers. RESULTS: The preliminary screening consisted of 608 articles, of which 33 articles were selected. A final total of only 9 articles were included as they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the nine papers, four articles clearly state that QH appliance was a more effective appliance, while the remaining five studies suggest that the maxillary expansion caused by QH is comparable to other slow maxillary expansion appliances. Of the nine included articles, four articles also describe the complications of QH in comparison to other slow maxillary expansion devices. CONCLUSION: The QH appliance is a viable alternative for the correction of posterior crossbite. The QH appliance is comparable to or even better than other slow maxillary expanders in terms of maxillary expansion while being cost-effective with very few complications.

Survival of Bonded Space Maintainers: A Systematic Review.

AIM: This systematic review was aimed at evaluating the average survival time and the various factors which determine the longevity of bonded space maintainers. BACKGROUND: Although a meta-analysis could not be performed from the available literature, this review emphasizes the various factors contributing to the success of bonded space maintainers and its relevance during the planning of bonded space maintainers. REVIEW RESULTS: The study selection criteria included in-vivo randomized and non-randomized clinical trials performed which was published in English. The databases searched were Pubmed, EBSCOhost and Google scholar, wherein the articles published from 1st January 1995 to 31st December 2015 were selected in the review. CONCLUSION: From the existing data, it can be concluded that the average survival period of bonded space maintainers is 11.2 months. However, there is a necessity for additional clinical trials with strict protocols to better the level of evidence. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: From the various articles included in the review, the longevity of bonded space maintainers was found to be comparable to the banded space maintainers. Hence, the bonded space maintainers can be a suitable alternative to the banded space maintainers in pediatric dentistry.How to cite this article: Deshpande SS, Bendgude VD, Kokkali VV. Survival of Bonded Space Maintainers: A Systematic Review Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2018;11(5):440-445.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Paediatricians toward Long-Term Liquid Medicaments Associated Oral Health.

BACKGROUND: A pediatrician is a primary care physician who deals with the medical care of infants, children and adolescents. Oral health care for the subgroups detailed is certainly substantiated as an integral part of general health. There are conflicting results presented till date on the subject of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of pediatricians on the consumption of pediatric liquid medicaments and the results can be divergent based on the geographical adjustments specifically with significance for industrial areas. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate the KAP of pediatricians toward oral health of children taking long-term pediatric liquid medicaments in Pimpri-Chinchwad area deemed and identified as Asia's largest industrial area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed among 50 pediatriacians practicing in Pimpri-Chinchwad, Pune city area, which consisted of questions seeking knowledge of pediatricians regarding awareness of detrimental effects of long-term pediatricians toward long-term liquid medicaments use on oral cavity, including delivery of oral hygiene instructions and regular dental checkup. The results as obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 16.0 for windows (Chicago Inc., USA). The statistical significance of difference was tested using Chi-square test for independence of attributes. RESULTS: About 68% were aware that long-term use of pediatric liquid medicaments can cause tooth structure defects. But only 58% advised regular dental checkups for these patients. 50% of the pediatricians prescribed the liquid medications to be taken in between two meals and 74% of the pediatricians advised rinsing mouth with water immediately after consuming pediatric liquid medicaments. However, there was no statistically significant difference seen among the values observed. CONCLUSION: The pediatricians showed reasonable awareness regarding the ill effects of the long-term use of pediatric liquid medicaments and took precautions regarding the same. However, proper oral hygiene maintenance instructions were lacking as a skill in their offerings.

Correlation between dental traumatic injuries and overjet among 11 to 17 years Indian girls with Angle's class I molar relation.

AIM: The present study was conducted to assess the correlation of traumatic dental injuries and overjet among school going girls of age 11 to 17 years in Pune, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out with 2045 school girls aged 11 to 17 years, attending public elementary schools in Pune, India. The traumatic dental injuries were assessed according to Ellis and Davey's criteria. Occlusion was recorded according to Angle´s classification and overjet was measured using a WHO 621 probe. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: There was a significant (Z -2.785) association between increase in overjet and occurrence of trauma. Children with increased overjet were 3.09 times more likely to have dental injuries. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded from the present study that a significant correlation exists between amount of overjet and prevalence of traumatic injuries among children. The percentage of trauma prevalence increases with the increase of overjet. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Traumatic dental injury is not a result of disease but a consequence of several factors that will accumulate throughout life if not properly treated. One of the most important factors significantly contributing to traumatic dental injuries is the anterior overjet. Hence, correction of increased anterior overjet may help in prevention of traumatic injuries.

Dental plaque pH variation with regular soft drink, diet soft drink and high energy drink: an in vivo study.

BACKGROUND: A high incidence of dental caries and dental erosion associated with frequent consumption of soft drinks has been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pH response of dental plaque to a regular, diet and high energy drink. METHODOLOGY: Twenty subjects were recruited for this study. All subjects were between the ages of 20 and 25 and had at least four restored tooth surfaces present. The subjects were asked to refrain from brushing for 48 hours prior to the study. At baseline, plaque pH was measured from four separate locations using harvesting method. Subjects were asked to swish with 15 ml of the respective soft drink for 1 minute. Plaque pH was measured at the four designated tooth sites at 5, 10 and 20 minutes intervals. Subjects then repeated the experiment using the other two soft drinks. RESULTS: pH was minimum for regular soft drink (2.65 ± 0.026) followed by high energy drink (3.39 ± 0.026) and diet soft drink (3.78 ± 0.006). The maximum drop in plaque pH was seen with regular soft drink followed by high energy drink and diet soft drink. CONCLUSION: Regular soft drink possesses a greater acid challenge potential on enamel than diet and high energy soft drinks. However, in this clinical trial, the pH associated with either soft drink did not reach the critical pH which is expected for enamel demineralization and dissolution.

An unusual pattern of self-inflicted injury after dental local anesthesia: a report of 2 cases.

The local anesthetics used in dentistry are considered very safe and have a low incidence of adverse reactions associated with their administration. A frequent finding by clinicians engaged in treatment of children is, following a dental appointment requiring local anesthesia to treat dental disease, a child may bite his or her lip out of curiosity associated with the unfamiliar sensation of being numb or inadvertently because no pain is felt. We describe two unusual case reports of postanesthetic self-inflicted injuries in this article. The first being the ulceration due to lip biting and the scratch injury on the chin after inferior alveolar nerve block. The second report presents an unusual scratch injury on the ala of nose following maxillary infiltration anesthesia. The common treatment modalities and the possible methods of prevention are discussed.

Soft skill appraisal for dentistry: a tool for positive practice management.

UNLABELLED: Soft skills adoption is a learning experience for every practitioner and every academician. Author has expressed his opinion for success through educational and real values of soft skill. Soft skills behavior of individual and institution help in achieving desirable goals in general and specialty practices. Author also focused on some realistic soft skill methods for improvisation of practices for all doctor. CONCLUSION: These skills indulge positive energy in human relationship for working in symbiosis and explore infinite capabilities at institutional and doctoral level. Here, some optimistic suggestions are given for improving dental practices and academic fulfillments. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: These soft skills help to organize, plan and manage, and track changes during the course of the growing dental practices. However, understanding of the soft skills in practice management, its simplicity and complexity and also, its contributing factors, helps practitioners to understand the dynamic, social and complex contexts of practices. It is really helpful to all practitioners to grow their practices using soft skills.