RESUMO
Systematic review and meta-analysis of literature were conducted examining the effectiveness of the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development Investigative Interview Protocol in improving the quality of child forensic interviews. Online databases were searched for journal articles published between the years 2000 and 2013. Measures of interview quality were the type of interviewer utterances and the amount of information provided by children. Five studies met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Weighted mean of the effect sizes was calculated for each outcome measure. Protocol interviews had more invitations (g = 1.60) and fewer option-posing (g = -.95) and suggestive prompts (g = -.63) than standard interviews. Children interviewed by the protocol provided more central details (g = .90) in response to invitations than controls. Meta-analyses of a subset of preschool children samples revealed that protocol interviews had more invitations (g = 1.46), fewer suggestive prompts (g = -.61), and fewer option-posing prompts (g = -1.05) than controls. Findings corroborate results from previous studies that suggested the benefits of the protocol on the interviewers' performance and on children's informativeness. However, protocol did not show the same performance with regard to preschool children.
Assuntos
Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Entrevista Psicológica/normas , National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U.S.)/normas , Relatório de Pesquisa/normas , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Estados UnidosRESUMO
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisar a literatura científica referente às melhores práticas na entrevista de investigação do abuso sexual infantil. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre as particularidades da memória e das habilidades de comunicação da criança em situação de entrevista investigativa, bem como as diferentes técnicas que permitem aprimorar a qualidade dos relatos infantis e maximizar a quantidade de informações obtidas. Foram pesquisadas as seguintes bases de dados: MedLine, PsychInfo e SciELO, no período de 1995 a 2012, utilizando-se as palavras-chave "sexual abuse", "children", "interview", "investigative" e "forensic". Foram encontradas 196 referências, das quais 34 foram selecionadas para inclusão neste artigo. Foi encontrado grande número de evidências demonstrando a necessidade de procedimentos cuidadosos para avaliar as suspeitas de abuso sexual. Técnicas específicas são descritas, assim como são discutidas as dificuldades frequentemente encontradas pelos entrevistadores.(AU)
The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review to describe the best practice guidelines to evaluate sexual abuse interviews. A narrative literature review was carried out to establish the children's memory and communicative skills during an investigative interview, as well as the interview techniques that improve the quality of children's reports and maximize the amount of information elicited. We used the following electronic on-line databases: MedLine, PsychInfo and SciELO, referring to the period 1995-2012. The keywords searched for in the databases were "sexual abuse", "children", "interview", "investigative", "forensic". A total of 196 references were identified and 34 were selected for this paper. We found a large amount of evidence that recommends careful procedures when evaluating child sexual abuse. We describe the specific techniques and discuss the most common difficulties interviewers face during interviews.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Abuso Sexual na Infância , Maus-Tratos Infantis , CriançaRESUMO
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisar a literatura científica referente às melhores práticas na entrevista de investigação do abuso sexual infantil. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre as particularidades da memória e das habilidades de comunicação da criança em situação de entrevista investigativa, bem como as diferentes técnicas que permitem aprimorar a qualidade dos relatos infantis e maximizar a quantidade de informações obtidas. Foram pesquisadas as seguintes bases de dados: MedLine, PsychInfo e SciELO, no período de 1995 a 2012, utilizando-se as palavras-chave "sexual abuse", "children", "interview", "investigative" e "forensic". Foram encontradas 196 referências, das quais 34 foram selecionadas para inclusão neste artigo. Foi encontrado grande número de evidências demonstrando a necessidade de procedimentos cuidadosos para avaliar as suspeitas de abuso sexual. Técnicas específicas são descritas, assim como são discutidas as dificuldades frequentemente encontradas pelos entrevistadores.
The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review to describe the best practice guidelines to evaluate sexual abuse interviews. A narrative literature review was carried out to establish the children's memory and communicative skills during an investigative interview, as well as the interview techniques that improve the quality of children's reports and maximize the amount of information elicited. We used the following electronic on-line databases: MedLine, PsychInfo and SciELO, referring to the period 1995-2012. The keywords searched for in the databases were "sexual abuse", "children", "interview", "investigative", "forensic". A total of 196 references were identified and 34 were selected for this paper. We found a large amount of evidence that recommends careful procedures when evaluating child sexual abuse. We describe the specific techniques and discuss the most common difficulties interviewers face during interviews.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Abuso Sexual na InfânciaRESUMO
Este artigo procura estabelecer uma interface entre a psicofarmacologia e a psicanálise propondo uma discussão a respeito do uso de antidepressivos por pacientes que estão em análise. A partir de relatos de casos, discute as indicações e os critérios para o emprego destes fármacos. Conclui, desde uma perspectiva psicanalítica, que os antidepressivos podem ter um papel importante na direção do tratamento(AU)
Assuntos
Psicanálise , AntidepressivosRESUMO
Este artigo procura estabelecer uma interface entre a psicofarmacologia e a psicanálise propondo uma discussão a respeito do uso de antidepressivos por pacientes que estão em análise. A partir de relatos de casos, discute as indicações e os critérios para o emprego destes fármacos. Conclui, desde uma perspectiva psicanalítica, que os antidepressivos podem ter um papel importante na direção do tratamento.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos , PsicanáliseRESUMO
Este estudo procura analisar as relações entre o desemprego e seus efeitos sobre a subjetividade, particularmente o surgimento de um discurso melancólico. Para tanto, procura contextualizar o problema na atualidade, bem como as mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho. Analisa os valores e os significados atribuídos, historicamente, ao trabalho e, em especial, na modernidade, assim como os ideais próprios ao sujeito contemporâneo. E, a partir de uma perspectiva psicanalítica, retoma os conceitos de Luto e Melancolia a fim de permitir uma compreensão sobre o tipo de mal-estar que a condição de desemprego provoca (AU)
RESUMO
The study reported here sought to assess the degree to which the prevalences of five risk factors for noncommunicable diseases- hypertension, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and excessive alcohol consumption- varied individually and in combination for urban Brazilians with differing socioeconomic status in terms of educational achievement, income, and social class. For this purpose 1986-1987 data from a cross-sectional household survey of 1 157 randomly selected adults 15-64 years of age residing in the major Brazilian city of Porto Alegre were analized. In general, it was found that less privileged socioeconomic situations tended to be associated with higher risk factor prevalences. However, this was not the case for obesity and sedentary lifestyle among men, and may not have been the case with respect to hypertension among women. When the effects of education, income, and social class were considered simultaneously, higher risk factor prevalences were most strongly associated with low educational attainment. Important exceptions to this rule were found for smoking among women and excessive alcohol consumption among men, where higher risk factor prevalences were most associated with social class. Once the effects of education and social class were accounted for, income generally tended to be associated with lower prevalences of the risk factors studied
Assuntos
Doença Crônica , Fatores de Risco , Saúde da População Urbana , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Classe Social , Educação , BrasilRESUMO
The study reported here sought to assess the degree to which the prevalences of five risk factors for noncommunicable diseases- hypertension, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and excessive alcohol consumption- varied individually and in combination for urban Brazilians with differing socioeconomic status in terms of educational achievement, income, and social class. For this purpose 1986-1987 data from a cross-sectional household survey of 1 157 randomly selected adults 15-64 years of age residing in the major Brazilian city of Porto Alegre were analized. In general, it was found that less privileged socioeconomic situations tended to be associated with higher risk factor prevalences. However, this was not the case for obesity and sedentary lifestyle among men, and may not have been the case with respect to hypertension among women. When the effects of education, income, and social class were considered simultaneously, higher risk factor prevalences were most strongly associated with low educational attainment. Important exceptions to this rule were found for smoking among women and excessive alcohol consumption among men, where higher risk factor prevalences were most associated with social class. Once the effects of education and social class were accounted for, income generally tended to be associated with lower prevalences of the risk factors studied
