RESUMO
ABSTRACT: The primary hyperaldosteronism, an endocrine disease increasingly identified in cats, is characterized by adrenal gland dysfunction that interferes with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, triggering the hypersecretion of aldosterone. Pathophysiological consequences of excessive aldosterone secretion are related to increased sodium and water retention, and increased excretion of potassium, which induce hypertension and severe hypokalemia, respectively. The most common clinical findings in cats include: polydipsia, nocturia, polyuria, generalized weakness, neck ventroflexion, syncope, anorexia, weight loss, pendulous abdomen and blindness. Diagnosis is based on the evidence of hormonal hypersecretion with suppression of renin release, imaging and histopathological evaluation of adrenal glands. Treatment may be curative with adrenalectomy, in cases of unilateral disease, or conservative, through administration of aldosterone antagonists, potassium supplementation and antihypertensives. Prognosis varies from fair to good with the appropriate therapy. This article reviews the main aspects of primary aldosteronism in cats, providing the clinician with important information for the diagnosis of this disease.
RESUMO: O hiperaldosteronismo primário, doença endrócrina cada vez mais identificada em felinos, caracteriza-se pela disfunção da glândula adrenal com interferência no sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, desencadeando a hipersecreção de aldosterona. As consequências da secreção excessiva de aldosterona estão relacionadas com o aumento da retenção de sódio e água e aumento da excreção de potássio, que ocasionarão, respectivamente, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e hipocalemia grave. O diagnóstico é realizado com base na comprovação da hipersecreção hormonal com supressão da liberação de renina, além de exames de imagem e avaliação histopatológica da adrenal. O tratamento pode ser curativo, com a adrenalectomia, em enfermidades unilaterais, ou conservativo, por meio de antagonistas da aldosterona, suplementação de potássio e anti-hipertensivos. O prognóstico é bom e reservado com a terapia apropriada.
RESUMO
Cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) are among the most frequent malignant tumors in dogs and Boxer breed dogs have a higher incidence of this disease. Ki67 staining and KIT staining are widely used to predict natural behavior in canine MCT but no previous study has evaluated double staining of these proteins as a prognostic factor. Based on biological behavior predictors in canine MCT, the purpose of this study was to determine the Ki67 proliferative index in KIT positive cells using double stain immunohistochemistry technique. Sixty-nine MCTs from Boxer dogs were selected and a tissue microarray was constructed for the double stained immunohistochemistry. Double positivity (Ki67(+)/KIT(+)) was observed in 20/69 (29%) MCT, with a mean of 9.06 double positive cells per tissue core (range 0.48%-43.97%) and Ki67(-)/KIT(+) animals had a longer survival time than Ki67(+)/KIT(+) animals (p=0.03).
