Structural deficits in key domains of Shank2 lead to alterations in postsynaptic nanoclusters and to a neurodevelopmental disorder in humans.

Postsynaptic scaffold proteins such as Shank, PSD-95, Homer and SAPAP/GKAP family members establish the postsynaptic density of glutamatergic synapses through a dense network of molecular interactions. Mutations in SHANK genes are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism and intellectual disability. However, no SHANK missense mutations have been described which interfere with the key functions of Shank proteins believed to be central for synapse formation, such as GKAP binding via the PDZ domain, or Zn2+-dependent multimerization of the SAM domain. We identify two individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder carrying de novo missense mutations in SHANK2. The p.G643R variant distorts the binding pocket for GKAP in the Shank2 PDZ domain and prevents interaction with Thr(-2) in the canonical PDZ ligand motif of GKAP. The p.L1800W variant severely delays the kinetics of Zn2+-dependent polymerization of the Shank2-SAM domain. Structural analysis shows that Trp1800 dislodges one histidine crucial for Zn2+ binding. The resulting conformational changes block the stacking of helical polymers of SAM domains into sheets through side-by-side contacts, which is a hallmark of Shank proteins, thereby disrupting the highly cooperative assembly process induced by Zn2+. Both variants reduce the postsynaptic targeting of Shank2 in primary cultured neurons and alter glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Super-resolution microscopy shows that both mutants interfere with the formation of postsynaptic nanoclusters. Our data indicate that both the PDZ- and the SAM-mediated interactions of Shank2 contribute to the compaction of postsynaptic protein complexes into nanoclusters, and that deficiencies in this process interfere with normal brain development in humans.

Substrate Induced Movement of the Metal Cofactor between Active and Resting State.

Regulation of enzyme activity is vital for living organisms. In metalloenzymes, far-reaching rearrangements of the protein scaffold are generally required to tune the metal cofactor's properties by allosteric regulation. Here structural analysis of hydroxyketoacid aldolase from Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 (SwHKA) revealed a dynamic movement of the metal cofactor between two coordination spheres without protein scaffold rearrangements. In its resting state configuration (M2+ R ), the metal constitutes an integral part of the dimer interface within the overall hexameric assembly, but sterical constraints do not allow for substrate binding. Conversely, a second coordination sphere constitutes the catalytically active state (M2+ A ) at 2.4 Šdistance. Bidentate coordination of a ketoacid substrate to M2+ A affords the overall lowest energy complex, which drives the transition from M2+ R to M2+ A . While not described earlier, this type of regulation may be widespread and largely overlooked due to low occupancy of some of its states in protein crystal structures.

Structural insights into the pSer/pThr dependent regulation of the SHP2 tyrosine phosphatase in insulin and CD28 signaling.

Serine/threonine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins is well known to modulate insulin signaling. However, the molecular details of this process have mostly been elusive. While exploring the role of phosphoserines, we have detected a direct link between Tyr-flanking Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites and regulation of specific phosphotyrosine phosphatases. Here we present a concise structural study on how the activity of SHP2 phosphatase is controlled by an asymmetric, dual phosphorylation of its substrates. The structure of SHP2 has been determined with three different substrate peptides, unveiling the versatile and highly dynamic nature of substrate recruitment. What is more, the relatively stable pre-catalytic state of SHP2 could potentially be useful for inhibitor design. Our findings not only show an unusual dependence of SHP2 catalytic activity on Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites in IRS1 and CD28, but also suggest a negative regulatory mechanism that may also apply to other tyrosine kinase pathways as well.

Cosolvent Sites-Based Discovery of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Protein Kinase G Inhibitors.

Computer-aided drug discovery methods play a major role in the development of therapeutically important small molecules, but their performance needs to be improved. Molecular dynamics simulations in mixed solvents are useful in understanding protein-ligand recognition and improving molecular docking predictions. In this work, we used ethanol as a cosolvent to find relevant interactions for ligands toward protein kinase G, an essential protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We validated the hot spots by screening a database of fragment-like compounds and another one of known kinase inhibitors. Next, we performed a pharmacophore-guided docking simulation and found three low micromolar inhibitors, including one with a novel chemical scaffold that we expanded to four derivative compounds. Binding affinities were characterized by intrinsic fluorescence quenching assays, isothermal titration calorimetry, and the analysis of melting curves. The predicted binding mode was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Finally, the compounds significantly inhibited the viability of Mtb in infected THP-1 macrophages.

Identification of molecular basis that underlie enzymatic specificity of AzoRo from Rhodococcus opacus 1CP: A potential NADH:quinone oxidoreductase.

Azo dyes are important to various industries such as textile industries. However, these dyes are known to comprise toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic representatives. Several approaches have already been employed to mitigate the problem such as the use of enzymes. Azoreductases have been well-studied in its capability to reduce azo dyes. AzoRo from Rhodococcus opacus 1CP has been found to be accepting only methyl red as a substrate, surmising that the enzyme may have a narrow active site. To determine the active site configuration of AzoRo at atomic level and identify the key residues involved in substrate binding and enzyme specificity, we have determined the crystal structure of holo-AzoRo and employed a rational design approach to generate AzoRo variants. The results reported here show that AzoRo has a different configuration of the active site when compared with other bacterial NAD(P)H azoreductases, having other key residues playing a role in the substrate binding and restricting the enzyme activity towards different azo dyes. Moreover, it was observed that AzoRo has only about 50% coupling yield to methyl red and p-benzoquinone - giving rise to the possibility that NADH oxidation still occurs even during catalysis. Results also showed that AzoRo is more active and more efficient towards quinones (about four times higher than methyl red).

A non-catalytic herpesviral protein reconfigures ERK-RSK signaling by targeting kinase docking systems in the host.

The Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus protein ORF45 binds the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the p90 Ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK). ORF45 was shown to be a kinase activator in cells but a kinase inhibitor in vitro, and its effects on the ERK-RSK complex are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that ORF45 binds ERK and RSK using optimized linear binding motifs. The crystal structure of the ORF45-ERK2 complex shows how kinase docking motifs recognize the activated form of ERK. The crystal structure of the ORF45-RSK2 complex reveals an AGC kinase docking system, for which we provide evidence that it is functional in the host. We find that ORF45 manipulates ERK-RSK signaling by favoring the formation of a complex, in which activated kinases are better protected from phosphatases and docking motif-independent RSK substrate phosphorylation is selectively up-regulated. As such, our data suggest that ORF45 interferes with the natural design of kinase docking systems in the host.

Telenovela como estratégia de educação nutricional no âmbito de uma política pública de acesso à alimentação adequada e saudável / Soap opera as a food and nutritional education strategy in the context of a public policy to promote access to adequate healthy food / Telenovela como estrategia de educación alimentaria y nutricional en el ámbito de una política pública de acceso a la alimentación adecuada y saludable

O presente estudo objetivou analisar a telenovela "O caminho do meio" como estratégia de educação alimentar nutricional e a sua relação com os processos de aprendizagem inventiva e com a produção de novos modos de subjetivação. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, com 15 frequentadores de um restaurante popular, por meio de: (1) visualização da telenovela "O caminho do meio", com duração de 46 minutos; e (2) entrevista individual realizada com um roteiro previamente estruturado. Após gravação, transcrição e análise de conteúdo dos discursos emergiram três categorias: (1) a telenovela e as experiências de vida dos frequentadores do restaurante popular; (2) a telenovela: cenas, personagens e mensagem; (3) novas percepções e tendências relacionadas à alimentação e ao estilo de vida. A experimentação com a telenovela forneceu uma aprendizagem inventiva e a produção de novos modos de subjetivação. (AU)

This study analyzed the soap opera "O caminho do meio" (The Middle Way) as a food and nutritional education strategy and its relation with inventive learning and the production of new modes of subjectivation. We conducted a qualitative study with 15 people who eat at a "popular restaurant" involving the following: (1) Watching the soap opera "O caminho do meio", which lasts 46 minutes; and (2) Individual interviews administered using a previously prepared guide. Three thematic categories emerged after recording, transcribing and analyzing the content of the interviews: (1) "The soap opera and the life experiences of the respondents"; (2) "The soap opera: scenes, characters and message"; and (3) "New perceptions and trends related to eating and lifestyle. The experimentation with the soap opera stimulated inventive learning and the production of new modes of subjectivation. (AU)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la telenovela "O caminho do meio" como estrategia de educación alimentaria y nutricional y su relación con los procesos de aprendizaje inventivo y con la producción de nuevos modos de subjetivación. Se trata de un estudio con abordaje cualitativo, con 15 frecuentadores de un restaurante popular, por medio de: (1) Visionado de la telenovela "O caminho do meio", con duración de 46 minutos; y (2) Entrevista individual realizada a partir de un guion previamente estructurado. Después de la grabación, de la transcripción y del análisis de contenido de los discursos surgieron 3 categorías: (1) "La telenovela y las experiencias de vida de los frecuentadores del restaurante popular"; (2) "La telenovela: escenas, personajes y mensaje" (3) "Nuevas percepciones y tendencias relacionadas a la alimentación y al estilo de vida". La experimentación con la telenovela proporcionó un aprendizaje inventivo y la producción de nuevos modos de subjetivación. (AU)

Homogeneously N-glycosylated proteins derived from the GlycoDelete HEK293 cell line enable diffraction-quality crystallogenesis.

Structural studies of glycoproteins and their complexes provide critical insights into their roles in normal physiology and disease. Most glycoproteins contain N-linked glycosylation, a key post-translation modification that critically affects protein folding and stability and the binding kinetics underlying protein interactions. However, N-linked glycosylation is often an impediment to yielding homogeneous protein preparations for structure determination by X-ray crystallography or other methods. In particular, obtaining diffraction-quality crystals of such proteins and their complexes often requires modification of both the type of glycosylation patterns and their extent. Here, we demonstrate the benefits of producing target glycoproteins in the GlycoDelete human embryonic kidney 293 cell line that has been engineered to produce N-glycans as short glycan stumps comprising N-acetylglucosamine, galactose and sialic acid. Protein fragments of human Down syndrome cell-adhesion molecule and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor were obtained from the GlycoDelete cell line for crystallization. The ensuing reduction in the extent and complexity of N-glycosylation in both protein molecules compared with alternative glycoengineering approaches enabled their productive deployment in structural studies by X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, a third successful implementation of the GlycoDelete technology focusing on murine IL-12B is shown to lead to N-glycosylation featuring an immature glycan in diffraction-quality crystals. It is proposed that the GlycoDelete cell line could serve as a valuable go-to option for the production of homogeneous glycoproteins and their complexes for structural studies by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy.

Co-regulation of the transcription controlling ATF2 phosphoswitch by JNK and p38.

Transcription factor phosphorylation at specific sites often activates gene expression, but how environmental cues quantitatively control transcription is not well-understood. Activating protein 1 transcription factors are phosphorylated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in their transactivation domains (TAD) at so-called phosphoswitches, which are a hallmark in response to growth factors, cytokines or stress. We show that the ATF2 TAD is controlled by functionally distinct signaling pathways (JNK and p38) through structurally different MAPK binding sites. Moreover, JNK mediated phosphorylation at an evolutionarily more recent site diminishes p38 binding and made the phosphoswitch differently sensitive to JNK and p38 in vertebrates. Structures of MAPK-TAD complexes and mechanistic modeling of ATF2 TAD phosphorylation in cells suggest that kinase binding motifs and phosphorylation sites line up to maximize MAPK based co-regulation. This study shows how the activity of an ancient transcription controlling phosphoswitch became dependent on the relative flux of upstream signals.

Anomeric Selectivity of Trehalose Transferase with Rare l-Sugars.

Retaining LeLoir glycosyltransferases catalyze the formation of glycosidic bonds between nucleotide sugar donors and carbohydrate acceptors. The anomeric selectivity of trehalose transferase from Thermoproteus uzoniensis was investigated for both d- and l-glycopyranose acceptors. The enzyme couples a wide range of carbohydrates, yielding trehalose analogues with conversion and enantioselectivity of >98%. The anomeric selectivity inverts from α,α-(1 → 1)-glycosidic bonds for d-glycopyranose acceptors to α,ß-(1 → 1)-glycosidic bonds for l-glycopyranose acceptors, while (S)-selectivity was retained for both types of sugar acceptors. Comparison of protein crystal structures of trehalose transferase in complex with α,α-trehalose and an unnatural α,ß-trehalose analogue highlighted the mechanistic rationale for the observed inversion of anomeric selectivity.

[Contextual and individual factors associated with arterial hypertension among Brazilian older adults (National Health Survey - 2013)]. / Fatores contextuais e individuais associados à hipertensão arterial entre idosos brasileiros (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - 2013).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of contextual and individual variables with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) among elderly Brazilians. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey (2013) and the Atlas of Human Development in Brazil. SAH was defined by direct measurement of blood pressure and/or the use of medications for this condition. The contextual independent variables were the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) and the Gini Index, by Federation Unit. The individual independent variables included sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, health conditions, and the use of health service. Multilevel logistic models were used to study the associated factors. RESULTS: Among the 10,211 participants aged 60 years and older, the prevalence of hypertension was 66.7% (95%CI 65.1 - 68.3). After adjusting for all variables, the chance of hypertension was higher in the Federation Units with the highest MHDI, in women, aged 70 years or older, in non-whites, with one or more chronic diseases, overweight and obesity, high waist circumference, and among those who had four or more medical appointments in the previous year. On the other hand, a negative association was observed between hypertension and education. CONCLUSION: The individual profile associated with hypertension was similar to what had already been reported in the scientific literature, but it is noteworthy that the elderly residing in the higher MHDI Federation Units were more likely to have this condition, suggesting a higher survival of hypertensive patients in these regions.

Immobilization of the Highly Active UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase From Thermocrispum agreste Provides a Highly Efficient Biocatalyst for the Production of UDP-Glucose.

Biocatalysis that produces economically interesting compounds can be carried out by using free enzymes or microbial cells. However, often the cell metabolism does not allow the overproduction or secretion of activated sugars and thus downstream processing of these sugars is complicated. Here enzyme immobilization comes into focus in order to stabilize the enzyme as well as to make the overall process economically feasible. Besides a robust immobilization method, a highly active and stable enzyme is needed to efficiently produce the product of choice. Herein, we report on the identification, gene expression, biochemical characterization as well as immobilization of the uridine-5'-diphosphate-glucose (UDP-glucose) pyrophosphorylase originating from the thermostable soil actinobacterium Thermocrispum agreste DSM 44070 (TaGalU). The enzyme immobilization was performed on organically modified mesostructured cellular foams (MCF) via epoxy and amino group to provide a stable and active biocatalyst. The soluble and highly active TaGalU revealed a V max of 1698 U mg-1 (uridine-5'-triphosphate, UTP) and a K m of 0.15 mM (UTP). The optimum reaction temperature was determined to be 50°C. TaGalU was stable at this temperature for up to 30 min with a maximum loss of activity of 65%. Interestingly, immobilized TaGalU was stable at 50°C for at least 120 min without a significant loss of activity, which makes this enzyme an interesting biocatalyst for the production of UDP-glucose.

Two Homologous Enzymes of the GalU Family in Rhodococcus opacus 1CP-RoGalU1 and RoGalU2.

Uridine-5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucose is reported as one of the most versatile building blocks within the metabolism of pro- and eukaryotes. The activated sugar moiety is formed by the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (GalU). Two homologous enzymes (designated as RoGalU1 and RoGalU2) are encoded by most Rhodococcus strains, known for their capability to degrade numerous compounds, but also to synthesize natural products such as trehalose comprising biosurfactants. To evaluate their functionality respective genes of a trehalose biosurfactant producing model organism-Rhodococcus opacus 1CP-were cloned and expressed, proteins produced (yield up to 47 mg per L broth) and initially biochemically characterized. In the case of RoGalU2, the Vmax was determined to be 177 U mg-1 (uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP)) and Km to be 0.51 mM (UTP), respectively. Like other GalUs this enzyme seems to be rather specific for the substrates UTP and glucose 1-phosphate, as it accepts only dTTP and galactose 1-phoshate in addition, but both with solely 2% residual activity. In comparison to other bacterial GalU enzymes the RoGalU2 was found to be somewhat higher in activity (factor 1.8) even at elevated temperatures. However, RoGalU1 was not obtained in an active form thus it remains enigmatic if this enzyme participates in metabolism.

Leloir Glycosyltransferases in Applied Biocatalysis: A Multidisciplinary Approach.

Enzymes are nature's catalyst of choice for the highly selective and efficient coupling of carbohydrates. Enzymatic sugar coupling is a competitive technology for industrial glycosylation reactions, since chemical synthetic routes require extensive use of laborious protection group manipulations and often lack regio- and stereoselectivity. The application of Leloir glycosyltransferases has received considerable attention in recent years and offers excellent control over the reactivity and selectivity of glycosylation reactions with unprotected carbohydrates, paving the way for previously inaccessible synthetic routes. The development of nucleotide recycling cascades has allowed for the efficient production and reuse of nucleotide sugar donors in robust one-pot multi-enzyme glycosylation cascades. In this way, large glycans and glycoconjugates with complex stereochemistry can be constructed. With recent advances, LeLoir glycosyltransferases are close to being applied industrially in multi-enzyme, programmable cascade glycosylations.

Artificial Fusion of mCherry Enhances Trehalose Transferase Solubility and Stability.

LeLoir glycosyltransferases are important biocatalysts for the production of glycosidic bonds in natural products, chiral building blocks, and pharmaceuticals. Trehalose transferase (TreT) is of particular interest since it catalyzes the stereo- and enantioselective α,α-(1→1) coupling of a nucleotide sugar donor and monosaccharide acceptor for the synthesis of disaccharide derivatives. Heterologously expressed thermophilic trehalose transferases were found to be intrinsically aggregation prone and are mainly expressed as catalytically active inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli To disfavor protein aggregation, the thermostable protein mCherry was explored as a fluorescent protein tag. The fusion of mCherry to trehalose transferase from Pyrobaculum yellowstonensis (PyTreT) demonstrated increased protein solubility. Chaotropic agents like guanidine or the divalent cations Mn(II), Ca(II), and Mg(II) enhanced the enzyme activity of the fusion protein. The thermodynamic equilibrium constant, Keq, for the reversible synthesis of trehalose from glucose and a nucleotide sugar was determined in both the synthesis and hydrolysis directions utilizing UDP-glucose and ADP-glucose, respectively. UDP-glucose was shown to achieve higher conversions than ADP-glucose, highlighting the importance of the choice of nucleotide sugars for LeLoir glycosyltransferases under thermodynamic control.IMPORTANCE The heterologous expression of proteins in Escherichia coli is of great relevance for their functional and structural characterization and applications. However, the formation of insoluble inclusion bodies is observed in approximately 70% of all cases, and the subsequent effects can range from reduced soluble protein yields to a complete failure of the expression system. Here, we present an efficient methodology for the production and analysis of a thermostable, aggregation-prone trehalose transferase (TreT) from Pyrobaculum yellowstonensis via its fusion with mCherry as a thermostable fluorescent protein tag. This fusion strategy allowed for increased enzyme stability and solubility and could be applied to other (thermostable) proteins, allowing rapid visualization and quantification of the mCherry-fused protein of interest. Finally, we have demonstrated that the enzymatic synthesis of trehalose from glucose and a nucleotide sugar is reversible by approaching the thermodynamic equilibrium in both the synthesis and hydrolysis directions. Our results show that uridine establishes an equilibrium constant which is more in favor of the product trehalose than when adenosine is employed as the nucleotide under identical conditions. The influence of different nucleotides on the reaction can be generalized for all LeLoir glycosyltransferases under thermodynamic control as the position of the equilibrium depends solely on the reaction conditions and is not affected by the nature of the catalyst.

Association between number of medications used and nutritional markers among elderly persons with chronic diseases: National Health Survey (2013) / Associação entre número de medicamentos consumidos e marcadores nutricionais entre idosos com doenças crônicas: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (2013)

Abstract Objective: to evaluate the association between the number of medications taken and nutritional markers in Brazilian elderly persons diagnosed with chronic diseases. Method: study based on data from the National Health Survey (PNS) 2013, for the population aged 60 years or older who reported at least one chronic disease (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, stroke, arthritis, depression, lung disease and chronic renal failure) (7,770 elderly persons). The outcome was the number of medications used for the selected diseases (0, 1 to 2 and 3 or more), and the exploratory variables were food consumption markers and anthropometric indicators (body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio). The associations were evaluated by multinomial logistic regression, estimating the odds ratio and confidence intervals (95%) and considering potential confounding factors. Results: the use of a greater number of medications was positively associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables, fish and milk, and negatively associated with the consumption of sweet foods, soft drinks and meat with excess fat; a greater consumption of medications was also associated with higher anthropometric indicator values. Conclusion: although a greater consumption of medications was associated with better dietary indicators, these elderly persons also had higher anthropometric indicator values, including a higher concentration of central adiposity.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre número de medicamentos consumidos e os marcadores das condições nutricionais em idosos brasileiros com diagnóstico de doenças crônicas. Método: Estudo baseado nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013, para a população com 60 anos ou mais, que reportou pelo menos uma doença crônica selecionada (hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, doenças do coração, acidente vascular cerebral, artrite, depressão, doenças no pulmão e insuficiência renal crônica), em 7.770 idosos. O desfecho foi o número de medicamentos para as doenças selecionadas (0, 1 a 2 e 3 ou mais) e as variáveis exploratórias foram os marcadores de consumo alimentar e os índices antropométricos (índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura e relação cintura/estatura). As associações foram avaliadas pela regressão logística multinomial, obtendo-se odds ratio e intervalos de confiança (95%), considerando os potenciais fatores de confusão. Resultados: O uso de maior número de medicamentos associou-se positivamente ao consumo de frutas e hortaliças, peixe e leite, e negativamente ao consumo de alimentos doces, refrigerantes e carne com excesso de gordura; maior consumo de medicamentos foi também associado a maiores valores dos indicadores antropométricos. Conclusão: Embora o maior consumo de medicamentos esteja relacionado a melhores indicadores da dieta, esses idosos ainda mantêm maiores valores antropométricos, incluindo maior concentração de adiposidade central.

[Factors associated with Sisvan Web coverage for children under 5 years of age, in the municipalities of the Regional Health Inspectorate of Belo Horizonte, Brazil]. / Fatores associados à cobertura do Sisvan Web para crianças menores de 5 anos, nos municípios da Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Belo Horizonte, Brasil.

The objective of this research was to analyze the factors associated with the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sisvan Web) coverage for children under five years of age in the municipalities of the Regional Health Inspectorate of Belo Horizonte (HRS-BH). Sisvan Web coverage data were collected from September to October 2012. Simultaneously, a "semi-structured questionnaire about the Sisvan operation" was sent to identify the technical references of municipalities studied. The coverage was calculated by dividing the number of under five-year-old children covered by Sisvan by the total number of similarly under five-year-old children obtained from the 2010 IBGE census. The Median Sisvan Web coverage of children in the HRS-BH municipalities was 5.59%, with coverage values ranging from 0.55% to 35.8%. Among the variables studied, the only one that revealed significant statistical association (p < 0.05) with Sisvan Web coverage was the lack of professionals to collect data. The results revealed the need for greater awareness of health managers and public health professionals about the importance of the nutritional diagnosis situation of the population through Sisvan Web.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar fatores associados à cobertura do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan Web) para crianças menores de cinco anos, nos municípios da Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Belo Horizonte (SRS-BH). Foram coletados dados da cobertura do Sisvan Web nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2012, período em que foi enviado um "Questionário semiestruturado sobre o funcionamento do Sisvan" às referências técnicas dos municípios avaliados. A cobertura foi calculada dividindo-se o número de crianças menores de 5 anos acompanhadas no Sisvan, pelo número total de crianças também menores de 5 anos obtido do Censo IBGE 2010. A mediana da cobertura do Sisvan Web para crianças nos municípios da SRS-BH foi de 5,59%, sendo que as coberturas variaram entre 0,55% e 35,8%. De todas as variáveis estudadas, a única que apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) com a cobertura do Sisvan Web foi a falta de profissional para coleta de dados. Os resultados encontrados sugerem a necessidade de uma maior sensibilização dos gestores da saúde e dos profissionais de saúde do SUS sobre a importância do diagnóstico da situação alimentar e nutricional da população por meio do Sisvan Web.

Fatores associados à cobertura do Sisvan Web para crianças menores de 5 anos, nos municípios da Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Belo Horizonte, Brasil / Factors associated with Sisvan Web coverage for children under 5 years of age, in the municipalities of the Regional Health Inspectorate of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Resumo O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar fatores associados à cobertura do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan Web) para crianças menores de cinco anos, nos municípios da Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Belo Horizonte (SRS-BH). Foram coletados dados da cobertura do Sisvan Web nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2012, período em que foi enviado um "Questionário semiestruturado sobre o funcionamento do Sisvan" às referências técnicas dos municípios avaliados. A cobertura foi calculada dividindo-se o número de crianças menores de 5 anos acompanhadas no Sisvan, pelo número total de crianças também menores de 5 anos obtido do Censo IBGE 2010. A mediana da cobertura do Sisvan Web para crianças nos municípios da SRS-BH foi de 5,59%, sendo que as coberturas variaram entre 0,55% e 35,8%. De todas as variáveis estudadas, a única que apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) com a cobertura do Sisvan Web foi a falta de profissional para coleta de dados. Os resultados encontrados sugerem a necessidade de uma maior sensibilização dos gestores da saúde e dos profissionais de saúde do SUS sobre a importância do diagnóstico da situação alimentar e nutricional da população por meio do Sisvan Web.

Abstract The objective of this research was to analyze the factors associated with the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sisvan Web) coverage for children under five years of age in the municipalities of the Regional Health Inspectorate of Belo Horizonte (HRS-BH). Sisvan Web coverage data were collected from September to October 2012. Simultaneously, a "semi-structured questionnaire about the Sisvan operation" was sent to identify the technical references of municipalities studied. The coverage was calculated by dividing the number of under five-year-old children covered by Sisvan by the total number of similarly under five-year-old children obtained from the 2010 IBGE census. The Median Sisvan Web coverage of children in the HRS-BH municipalities was 5.59%, with coverage values ranging from 0.55% to 35.8%. Among the variables studied, the only one that revealed significant statistical association (p < 0.05) with Sisvan Web coverage was the lack of professionals to collect data. The results revealed the need for greater awareness of health managers and public health professionals about the importance of the nutritional diagnosis situation of the population through Sisvan Web.

Educação em saúde com arte e expressividade: proposta para controle da hipertensão arterial em idosos / Health education with art expressiveness: a proposal to the elderly's hypertension control / Educación para la salud con el arte y la expresividad: propuesta para el control de la hipertensión arterial de ancianos

Objetivou-se trabalhar a educação em saúde com recursos do campo da arte, para oferecer e desenvolver novas habilidades de autoconhecimento e construção de vivência em grupo e auxiliar na adesão às recomendações e orientações relativas à Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica. Trabalhou-se com 18 idosos, usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram realizados 20 encontros utilizando a arte como recurso terapêutico e educativo como meio de adesão ao tratamento e controle da pressão arterial. Observou-se que o "fazer Arte" foi percebido pelos idosos positivamente com fortes emoções individuais e coletivas. Houve relatos de maior compreensão da necessidade de adesão ao tratamento. A Arte, como um meio de enfrentamento e expressão não convencionais, pode interferir no corpo, mente e trazer resultados positivos para o tratamento de doenças crônicas, como Hipertensão Arterial.

This paper aimed to work on health education using Art as a resource in an attempt to offer and develop new skills for self-knowledge and group experience construction and assist in the compliance with the recommendations and guidelines for hypertension. This work consisted of 18 elderly users of a Basic Health Unit in a municipality of Minas Gerais State. There were twenty meetings using Art as an educative and therapeutic resource to obtain treatment adherence and blood pressure control. It was possible to observe that "making Art" was perceived as positive by elderly people with strong individual and collective emotions. There have been reports showing an increased understanding on the need to adhere to the treatment. Art as a non conventional mean of coping and expression can interfere with body and mind as well as produce positive results to the treatment of chronic diseases such as hypertension.

El objetivo era trabajar en educación para la salud el uso de los recursos del campo del arte en un intento de ofrecer y desarrollar nuevas habilidades y la experiencia de auto-construcción en el grupo y ayudar en el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones y directrices sobre la hipertensión. Hemos trabajado con 18 usuarios de edad avanzada de una Unidad Básica de Salud del Estado de, Minas Gerais. 20 reuniones se realizaron utilizando el Arte como un recurso terapéutico y educativo como medio de la adherencia al tratamiento y el control de la presión arterial. Hemos observado que el "hacer Arte" fue percibido por los ancianos positivamente con fuertes emociones individuales y colectivas. Hube informes de aumento de la comprensión de la necesidad de adherir al tratamiento. El arte como un medio de afrontamiento y de expresión no convencional, puede interferir con el cuerpo, la mente y traer resultados positivos para el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas como la hipertensión.