[Evolution of the sensitivity to cloramphenicol of Salmonela typhi strains isolated in the last 20 years in Moldova (Romania)]. / Evolutia sensibilitatii la cloramfenicol a tulpinilor de Salmonella typhi izolate în ultimii 20 de ani din Moldova.

The antibiogram of 658 S. typhi strains isolated in Moldova during the last 20 years points out that this bacterium is preserving in the studied area its natural sensitivity towards the antibiotics used in the treatment of typhoid fever. A very small number of strains resistant to these antibiotics (below 0.5%) have appeared as an accident without clinico-epidemiological consequences. The MIC unimodal distribution of cloramphenicol and other antibiotics towards S. typhi is similar to the MIC distribution towards the serotypes with very limited circulation (S. java) and much different from the MIC bimodal distribution towards the serotypes having a wide circulation (S. agona). It is considered that the cause of the relative protection of S. typhi strains in Moldova (as a matter of fact in all the country) from the resistance plasmides was only the ever limited circulation of this species. It is opted for the necessity of a surveillance by antibiogramm of the circulating S. typhi strains.

[Epidemiological study of salmonelloses in the Moldavia area]. / Contributii la studiul epidemiologic al salmonelozelor pe teritoriul Moldovei.

A study was carried out on the epizooto-epidemiologic potential of certain domestic and wild animal species (cold-blooded), of the environment (residual waters) and food products, and their role in maintaining Salmonella endemics (others than the typhoid-parathyphoid group). Account was kept of the incidence of Salmonella and its circulation in subjects exposed to occupational risks and in the mass of the population, including those with clinically manifest salmonellosis and the clinically healthy carriers. The results showed the importance of domestic animals in maintaining the endemic (fowl 15%, swine 10%, bovine 5%). The isolated serotypes were identical to those found in residual eaters, in patients and in carriers. The sensitivity test to antibiotics revealed resistance to more than two antibiotics in 65%, except for the strains isolated from reptiles. Reorganization measures appear necessary in order to restrict the circulation of Salmonella in farm animals and to reduce the risks of infection in humans.

[Typhoid bacilli resistant to chloramphenicol and multiresistant to antibiotics isolated at the beginning of 1971]. / Bacili tifici rezistenti la cloramfenicol si multirezistenti la antibiotice, izolati începînd din 1971

The sensitivity of chloramphenicol (C) of 286 S. typhi strains, isolated during the last 15 years in Moldavia, was tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C with regard to most of the strains ranged between 1.5 and 3 mcg/ml. The following stains were identified: strain W isolated from the feces of a carrier in 1971, with a ACKSSuT-Cl2Hg resistance spectrum transferable to E. coli K12(MIC of C less than or equal to 200 mcg/ml), 2 strains (phage type A and C1, isolated from patients, one from the feces in 1972 and the other haemoculture in 1973) with a non-transferable CSu resistance spectrum (MIC of C less than or equal to 6 and less than or equal 12 mcg/ml respectively), and 18 strains (13 phage type D9, 3 phage type Ci and 2 phage type A), isolated from 3 epidemic foci, which proved to contain variants selectable in vitro by C (MIC up to 50 mcg/ml). The resistance spectrum of the variants was not CSU transferable. Conclusions are drawn concerning the necessity of a restricted utilization of chloramphenicol.