Hydrocarbon-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Digestive System of Fish as an Indicator of Coastal Pollution.

Assessment of pollution of marine environment and biota with hydrocarbons is of particular importance, since oil products are among the priority pollutants of many seas. Development of new environmental toxicological biomarkers is one of the promising methods of integrated assessment of pollution effects. Here, the first investigation on the abundance of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria in the digestive system of coastal fish (stickleback, dace, white bream, common bleak, perch, gudgeon, and roach) from the eastern Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea has been performed. The results reflect changes occurring in the environment and indicate contamination of water and sediments with oil and oil products. The relative abundance of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria in the digestive tract of fish is an effective, sensitive, and low-cost indicator of environmental pollution that can be used in monitoring and environmental impact assessment of the aquatic ecosystems.

Responses of Aquatic Organisms to Cyanobacteria and Elodea in Microcosms.

The aim of the present study is investigation of the impact of mass development of cyanobacteria and Elodea on population characteristics (abundance, biomass, fecundity) and "health" parameters (the state of embryos, heart rate, and thermal resistance) of aquatic invertebrates in experiments with controlled conditions. In July-August 2018, in four variants of microcosms, the conditions were modeled characteristic of the coastal zone of the Rybinsk Reservoir in the period of mass development of cyanobacteria. Mass species were placed in microcosms of planktonic (with domination (80%) Daphnia longispina) and bottom animals (Unio pictorum, Gmelinoides fasciatus, Asellus aquaticus), as well as Elodea canadensis. In the variants with cyanobacteria, the toxic microcystins LR were revealed (24-53% of the sum of toxins, or from 6.6-66.5 µg/L). The presence of cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Gloeoitrichia spp.) influenced structural parameters of plankton: the quantity to green algae decreased, small-sized crustaceans increased. Influence of cyanobacteria caused reliable changes in parameters of aquatic animal from those of the control: thermal resitance of mollusks and amphipods decreased, time of restoration of heart rate after loads (salinity test) in mollusks increased; in amphipods, individual fecundity decreased, frequency of abnormalities and of mortality of embryos increased. The presence of Elodea intensified these effects. Thus, mass development of cyanobacteria and Elodea influences ecological-physiological parameters of aquatic animals, decreasing their adaptivity to natural stresses and deteriorating the quality of the progeny.

The meio- to macrozoobenthos ratio in a lake benthic community: Dynamic aspect.

Multiyear data (2002-2015) on the biomasses of meio- and macrozoobenthic communities have been studied at different depths of a small lake in northern Karelia. A trend towards anti-phase changes in meio- and macrobenthic biomasses was observed and, as a consequence, the ratio between these components varied significantly in different years. Thus, inter-annual dynamics should be taken into account in analysis of hydrobiological data.

[Surgical safety cheklist at the management of the hybrid operating room].

An essential aspect of the work of the operating room is the provision of safety of both the patient and staff. The organization of the activity of the surgical service requires serious elaboration of each of its stage, as well as standardization in using various validated instruments. When speaking of a hybrid operating room with the use of intraoperative magnetic resonance tomography, such an approach becomes not merely a recommendation but rather forced and justified necessity. Simultaneous use of various technologies of imaging and treatment with the engagement of physicians of various specialties requires especially thorough control. A generally accepted international standard of the work of the operating block is the use of checklists, and since 2008 the initiative of the World Health Organization "Safe Surgery Saves Lives" has globally been working to promote implementation of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklists (SSCL) to the real clinical practice. The intraoperative MR-diagnostic stage dictates rigid requirements for proper inventory of ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic surgical tools, verified logistics, and routing of the patient in the conditions of high and extremely high (1.5-3.0 T) magnetic field. A separate and not less important problem is anaesthesiological support during MRT. In order to optimise the patient's movements and adequate monitoring of his/her safety inside the operating department, the authors have modified the standard WHO Surgical Safety Checklist. Implementation of the modified checklist for the MRT-equipped hybrid operating room should improve the control over the processes, as well as increase safety of both the patient and personnel.

[Prostate biopsy under magnetic resonance imaging guidance].

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most important problems in modern oncology. According to statistical data, PC ranks second in the cancer morbidity structure in the Russian Federation and developed countries and its prevalence has been progressively increasing over the past decade. A need for early diagnosis and maximally accurate morphological verification of the diagnosis in difficult clinical cases (inconvenient tumor location for standard transrectal biopsy; gland scarring changes concurrent with prostatitis and hemorrhage; threshold values of prostate-specific antigen with unclear changes in its doubling per unit time; suspicion of biochemical recurrence or clinical tumor progression after special treatment) leads to revised diagnostic algorithms and clinically introduced new high-tech invasive diagnostic methods. This paper gives the first analysis of literature data on Russian practice using one of the new methods to verify prostate cancer (transrectal prostate cancer under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance). The have sought the 1995-2015 data in the MEDLINE and Pubmed.

[Lipid metabolism in occupational chronic bronchitis associated with diabetes mellitus].

The study of 311 patients with chronic occupational bronchitis associated with diabetes mellitus (or diabetes-free) revealed lipid metabolism disorders presenting with overweight, obesity, dyslipoproteinemia. Diabetes mellitus addition to chronic bronchitis increased frequency of lipid metabolism disorders and higher values of lipid state. The revealed lipid metabolism disorders were more marked in the females.

[Thermal and salinity tolerance of eurybiotic freshwater shrimp Gmelinoides fasciatus (Stebbing) under different acclimation conditions].

Critical thermal maximum and critical salinity maximum in their dependence on the water temperature and salinity were studied in the freshwater shrimps, Gmelinoides fasciatus, during their acclimation. Nine combinations of temperature (12.7-14.7, 16.3-21.3, 22.0-25.6 degrees C) and salinity (0.2, 2.5 per thousand) were studied. The shrimps were shown to be largest CTM in the fresh water at 22-26 degrees C and to be smallest CTM at 12-14 degrees C. The thermal effect on the thermal stability was similar in the brackish water (2 per thousand), while its effect on the salinity stability was reverse, that is, the shrimps' endurance to the high salinity decreased with the temperature growth. During acclimation, viability reached 50 to 100 per cent at 5 per thousand, the individuals adapted to the lower temperature (12-14 degrees C) appearing to be most endurant. Thermal stability was revealed to increase with the body length growth reaching the stable level at the body length of 7-8 mm. Salinity stability of the shrimps acclimated in the brackish water at 22-26 degrees C tend to increase with the body length growth, while it did not depend on the body length at other temperature regimes reaching about the same level in both fresh and brackish waters. The data obtained indicate that the temperature below 22 degrees C would be optimal for the shrimps acclimation in the brackish water.