[Procedure for intraoperative material examination in breast cancer after neoadjuvant therapy to estimate residual cancer burden using the RCB system].

Currently, neoadjuvant therapy has been shown to be effective in treating HER2-positive breast cancer; the development and assessment of novel medications and therapy regimens are being continued. A tumor response to the treatment is the most important factor in planning adjuvant therapy. The use of different systems to evaluate a therapeutic effect gives rise to significant differences in estimating the rate of complete morphological regression according to the results of performed therapy. The paper describes a procedure to estimate cancer burden using the RCB system. This procedure is highly reproducible and recommended by the 2015 European Society for Medical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of primary breast cancer.

Impaired immune phenotype of circulating endothelial-derived microparticles in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a leading contributor to cardiovascular mortality worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the pattern of circulating EMPs in T2DM patients in comparison with MetS subjects. METHODS: The study retrospectively included 101 patients (54 subjects with T2DM and 47 patients with MetS) and 35 healthy volunteers. All the patients gave written informed consent for participation in the study. Biomarkers were measured at baseline of the study. RESULTS: There is a significant difference between healthy subjects and patients regarding CD31+/annexin V+ EMPs to CD62E+ EMPs ratio, which reflects impaired phenotype of EMPs. Therefore, CD31+/annexin V+ EMPs to CD62E+ EMPs ratio was found to be higher in the T2DM patients compared to MetS patients. Using multivariate linear regression analyses, independent impact of T2DM (r = 0.40, P = 0.003), OPG (r = 0.37, P = 0.001), hs-CRP (r = 0.347, P = 0.001), and adiponectin (r = 0.33, P = 0.001) on increased CD31+/annexin V+ to CD62E+ ratio of EMPs was determined. Using C-statistics, we found that inflammatory biomarkers (hs-C-reactive protein, osteoprotegerin and adiponectin) added to the base model (T2DM) improved the relative IDI by 12.6 % for increased CD31+/annexin V+ EMPs to CD62E+ EMPs ratio. CONCLUSION: We found that patients with T2DM and MetS may be distinguished by predominantly appearing phenotypes of circulating EMPs associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction. Elevated CD31+/annexin V+ EMPs to CD62E+ EMPs ratio is an indicator of impaired immune phenotype of EMPs, which allows determining the pattern of EMPs in dysmetabolic disorder patients.

[Effect of microwave on migration in the model environment of chemicals from materials that come into contact with foodstuffs].

Under the influence of microwaves is migration of chemical and metals used in manufacture for these furnaces. This confirms the need for research to develop modes of training materials used in the manufacture of utensils used in microwave ovens.

Dual fluorophore-nitroxide probes for analysis of vitamin C in biological liquids.

A new method for quantitative analysis of vitamin C in biological and chemical liquids was proposed. The method is based on the use of dual molecule consisting of a fluorescent chromophore and a nitroxide radical. In the dual molecule, the nitroxide acts as a quencher of the fluorescence of the chromophore fragment. Reduction of the nitroxide fragment by ascorbic acid results in decay of ESR signal and enhancement of the fluorescence. By performing the series of pseudo-first-order reactions between the dual molecule and ascorbic acid and consequent plotting rate constants versus ascorbic acid concentrations the calibration curves for the vitamin C analysis were obtained. Variations of chemical structure of fluorophore and nitroxide fragments allow to regulate fluorescent properties and redox potentials of the dual molecules. The proposed fluorophore-nitroxide hybrids retain all features of the spin labels and fluorescence probes gaining new advantages for monitoring redox reactions and radical processes by two independent techniques: ESR and steady-state fluorescent spectroscopy. The method was applied to the vitamin C analysis in commercial fruit juices.

[Macromolecular spin pH-probes on the basis of human serum albumin]. / Makromolekuliarnye spinovye pH-zondy na osnove syvorotochnogo al'bumina cheloveka.

Human serum albumin has been chemically modified by two different spin pH-sensitive labels of the imidazoline series containing in their structure alkylating and carboxyl groups, respectively. The ESR spectra of spin-labeled proteins are sensitive to pH of the medium. The pK values of spin-labeled proteins measured by the ESR method are: pKI = 3.2 +/- 0.1; pKII = 4.75 +/- 0.1. The resulting macromolecular spin pH probes may be used for measuring the local values of pH by the ESR technique within the pH range of 1.8-6.2.

Quantitative determination of SH groups in low- and high-molecular-weight compounds by an electron spin resonance method.

To quantitatively determine SH groups in high- and low-molecular-weight compounds, a disulfide biradical (RS-SR), where R is imidazoline residue, has been used. The biradical is shown to participate in a thiol-disulfide exchange reaction with compounds containing SH groups. In this case the ESR spectra of the biradical RS-SR and the resulting monoradical R-SH are different. The reaction of the biradical with cysteine, glutathione, and human serum albumin has been studied using the ESR method and the rate constants kf of this reaction have been calculated. Studies of the pH dependence of kf indicate that the thiol-disulfide exchange occurs by reaction with mercaptidione. Protein human serum albumin and hemoglobin have been modified by RS-SR. It has been shown that the treatment of modified proteins with reduced glutathione leads to removal of the radical from the protein; such modifications are thus reversible. The method proposed has been used to quantitatively determine the SH groups of cysteine and glutathione in mouse and rat blood. The method is shown to coincide within experimental error with the determination of glutathione and cysteine by titration with p-chloromercuribenzoate or reaction with Ellman's reagent. This method allows detection of 10(-6)-10(-7) M SH compounds even in colored and highly absorbing samples. The kinetics of the SH group modification can also be determined, leading to deduction about accessibility of the SH group in protein.

[Comparative characteristics of the antitumor and immunodepressive activity of carminomycin on the L-1210 experimental model]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika protivoopukholevoi i immuno-depressivnoi aktivnostikarminomitsina na éksperimental'noi modeli L-1210.

The antitumor activity of carminomycin was estimated by the number of lymphoma colonies formed in the spleen of DBA/2 mice on their inoculation with the bone marrow cells from mice with transplantable leukemia L-1210. The immunodepressive properties of carminomycin were determined by the number of the antibody forming cells in the spleen of CBA and DBA/2 mice with leukemia L-1210 after immunization with sheep red blood cells. It was found that in a single dose of 1.5 mg/kg carminomycin inhibited the lymphoma colonies by 50 per cent. The maximum immunodepressive effect was observed when carminomycin was used in a single dose of 1.5 mg/kg 48 hours after the antigen stimulation. In this case the number of the antibody forming cells in DBA/2 mice with leukemia L-1210 was lower than that in CBA mice without leukemia.

[Antitumor and immunodepressive action of dexamethasone on a leukemia L-1210 model]. / Protivoopukholevoe i immunodepressivnoe deistvie deksamteazona na modeli leioza L-1210.

The effect of single administration of dexamethason in doses of 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg on the spleen content of lymphomic colonies, normal colony-forming units and antibody-forming cells was studied in experiments on CBA and DBA/2 mice with transplanted leukemia L-1210. It has bear dependence on the dosage, the immunodepressant action of the drug being more pronounced in CBA mice as compared to DBA/2 mice with leukemia L-1210. The immunodepressant activity of dexamethason is approximately equal to the antineoplasic one. Single administration of the drug has practically no effect on hemopoiesis.

[The morphologic basis for the mechanism of increased serum acid phosphatase activity in patients with viral hepatitis]. / Morfologicheskoe obosnovanie mekhanizma povysheniia aktivnosti kisloi fosfatazy v syvorotke krovi bol'nykh virusnym gepatitom

The activity of acid phosphotase in the blood serum and punctates of the liver was studied in 49 patients with acute cyclic form of viral hepatitis of slight and medium-grave course with the use of histological and histochemical methods. The degree of manifestation of necrotic changes in the punctate tissue was determined with the help of the stereometric method. As a result of the studies conducted, it was established that the degree of hyperfermentemia was the highest at the period when the disease was in full swing, and that it did not depend on the form of its course and extent of necrotic changes observed in the liver punctates. The authors consider a morphological evidence of high activity of acid phosphotase in the blood serum aggregations of large hepatocytes, cytoplasm of which was loaded with mature lipofuscin, the topographic identity of the latter with acid phosphotase at present being proved.