First-trimester fasting glycemia as a predictor of gestational diabetes (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

AIMS: Studies to prevent gestational diabetes (GDM) have shown the best results when lifestyle measures have been applied early in pregnancy. We aimed to investigate whether first-trimester fasting plasma glucose (FPG) could predict GDM risk and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from singleton pregnancies who were attended at our hospital between 2008 and 2018 (n = 27,198) was performed. We included patients with a recorded first-trimester FPG and complete pregnancy data (n = 6845). Patients under 18, with pregestational diabetes or reproductive techniques, were excluded. First-trimester FPG was evaluated as a continuous variable and divided into quartiles. GDM was diagnosed by NDDG criteria. The relationship between first- and second-trimester glucose > 92 mg/dL was also investigated. The relationship between FPG and pregnancy outcomes was assessed in 6150 patients who did not have GDM. RESULTS: Maternal age was 34.2 ± 3.9 years, BMI 23.1 ± 3.7 kg/m2 and mean FPG 83.0 ± 7.3 mg/dL. Glucose quartiles were: ≤ 78, 79-83, 84-87 and ≥ 88 mg/dL. First-trimester FPG predicted the risk of GDM (7%, 8%, 10.2% and 16% in each quartile, p < 0.001) and the risk of second-trimester glucose > 92 mg/dL (2.6%, 3.8%, 6.3% and 11.4% in each quartile, p < 0.001). FPG was significantly associated with LGA (8.2%, 9.3%, 10% and 11.7% in each quartile, p = 0.011) but not with other obstetrical outcomes. In a multivariate analysis including age, BMI, tobacco use, number of pregnancies and weight gained during pregnancy, first-trimester FPG was an independent predictor of LGA. CONCLUSIONS: First-trimester FPG is an early marker of GDM and LGA.

Low frequency of positive antithyroid antibodies is observed in patients with thyroid dysfunction related to immune check point inhibitors.

INTRODUCTION: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), such as programmed death-1 inhibitors (anti-PD1), have become a cornerstone for the treatment of different advanced cancers. These antibodies act as modulators of immune checkpoint proteins. However, ICI can lead to the breaking of immune self-tolerance, inducing autoimmune side effects (irAEs), including endocrinopathies. One of the most frequent endocrine irAE of anti-PD1 is thyroid dysfunction, but the exact mechanism of this disease still remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study, analyzing 11 patients who received at least one dose of anti-PD1 (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) and presented thyroid irAEs. Data were collected between September 2015 and May 2018 in our hospital. The aim was to analyze the clinically relevant features of thyroid irAEs and the frequency of antithyroid antibodies (ATA) positivity observed on them. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 8 of the 11 patients were treated with nivolumab and the other three patients received pembrolizumab. Six patients presented silent thyroiditis with a thyrotoxicosis phase; three patients developed directly primary/subclinical hypothyroidism and two patients showed primary hyperthyroidism. Thyroid autoantibodies (anti-Thyroglobulin and anti-Thyroid Peroxidase) were assessed in all the 11 patients, and only in two of them (18%) a positive titer was displayed. Anti-TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) were examined in five patients, three with painless thyroiditis at the time of thyrotoxicosis and two with primary hyperthyroidism, and they all had undetectable levels. CONCLUSIONS: In our sample of 11 Caucasian patients with thyroid dysfunction related with anti-PD1, we found low frequency of ATA positive titers, comparable to other recent reports in others ethnicities, which could suggest that silent thyroiditis due to pembrolizumab or nivolumab has a different pathogenesis from the classical autoimmune spontaneous thyroiditis. Further investigations are required to completely understand the immune mechanisms involved.

Importancia de las pruebas funcionales en el postoperatorio inmediato tras cirugía de revascularización para identificación de problemas técnicos / Importance of function tests in the immediate pre-operative period to identify technical problems after surgical revascularisation

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Binding SNOMED CT terms to archetype elements. Establishing a baseline of results.

INTRODUCTION: This article is part of the Focus Theme of METHODS of Information in Medicine on "Managing Interoperability and Complexity in Health Systems". BACKGROUND: The proliferation of archetypes as a means to represent information of Electronic Health Records has raised the need of binding terminological codes - such as SNOMED CT codes - to their elements, in order to identify them univocally. However, the large size of the terminologies makes it difficult to perform this task manually. OBJECTIVES: To establish a baseline of results for the aforementioned problem by using off-the-shelf string comparison-based techniques against which results from more complex techniques could be evaluated. METHODS: Nine Typed Comparison METHODS were evaluated for binding using a set of 487 archetype elements. Their recall was calculated and Friedman and Nemenyi tests were applied in order to assess whether any of the methods outperformed the others. RESULTS: Using the qGrams method along with the 'Text' information piece of archetype elements outperforms the other methods if a level of confidence of 90% is considered. A recall of 25.26% is obtained if just one SNOMED CT term is retrieved for each archetype element. This recall rises to 50.51% and 75.56% if 10 and 100 elements are retrieved respectively, that being a reduction of more than 99.99% on the SNOMED CT code set. CONCLUSIONS: The baseline has been established following the above-mentioned results. Moreover, it has been observed that although string comparison-based methods do not outperform more sophisticated techniques, they still can be an alternative for providing a reduced set of candidate terms for each archetype element from which the ultimate term can be chosen later in the more-than-likely manual supervision task.

Complicación inusual tras cateterismo cardiaco por vía radial / Unusual complication after trans-radial cardiac catheterization

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Hematoma esplénico gigante en paciente con isquemia aguda de miembro inferior derecho / Giant splenic haematoma in a patient with acute ischaemia of the right internal mammary artery

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Enfermedad quística adventicial: casos clínicos / Adventitial cystic disease: Clinical cases

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Tumores del cuerpo carotídeo. Experiencia en 22 años y protocolo de seguimiento y despistaje familiar / Carotid body tumours. Experience over 22 years and a family screening and follow-up protocol

Introducción: Los tumores del cuerpo carotídeo son tumores raros, muy vascularizados, originados en los quimiorreceptores de la bifurcación carotídea. Se ha descrito su malignización y asociación con otros tumores endocrinos. Pueden ser familiares en el 10-50% de los casos. Objetivo: Analizar nuestros resultados en el manejo de estos tumores y presentar un protocolo de actuación y seguimiento. Material y métodos: Entre 1986 y 2008 se trataron 25 casos en 23 pacientes (2 bilaterales), con una edad media de 51 años (r 31-78), el 82,6% mujeres, un caso familiar. Como pruebas diagnósticas se realizaron ecodoppler y arteriografía en todos los pacientes, y tomografía computarizada o resonancia magnética en 12. El seguimiento postoperatorio se llevo a cabo con ecodoppler. Resultados: En todos los casos se realizó la resección completa del tumor, los 14 últimos con embolización preoperatoria. Fue necesaria la reconstrucción vascular en 6 casos. Seis pacientes tuvieron lesión neurológica, uno rotura arterial y uno neumonía postoperatoria. Según los criterios de clasificación de Shamblin, 13 casos fueron tipo I, 5 tipo II y 7 tipo III. Las complicaciones y reconstrucciones vasculares estuvieron relacionadas con tumores tipo II y III. Durante el seguimiento se detectaron 4 recidivas, 2 tumores contralaterales (bilaterales), un feocromocitoma, una trombosis del injerto y 6 éxitus (uno por malignización y metástasis). Conclusiones: La cirugía en fase precoz disminuye la morbimortalidad. El seguimiento con ecodoppler permite detectar recidivas, bilateralidad y complicaciones de la reconstrucción vascular. La posible presentación familiar, recidivas, asociación a otros tumores o metástasis ,hacen necesario el seguimiento sistematizado del paciente(AU)

Background: Carotid body tumours are rare, highly vascular, arising from the chemoreceptors of the carotid bifurcation. Their relationship with malignancy and other endocrine tumours have already been described. There can be between 10% and 50% of cases in a family. Objective: To analyse the results in the management of these tumours, and present a protocol for action and monitoring. Material and methods: Between 1986 and 2008 a total 25 cases were treated in 23 patients (2 bilateral) with a mean age of 51 years (range 31-78), with 82.6% women, 1 family case. Doppler ultrasound and angiography were performed as diagnostic tests in all patients, with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in 12 cases. They were monitored annually using Doppler ultrasound. Results: According to the Shamblin classification criteria, 13 cases were type I, 5 were type II and 7 type III. A complete resection of the tumour was performed in all cases, the last 14with preoperative embolisation. Vascular reconstruction was necessary in 6 cases. Six patients had neurological injury, an arterial rupture and a postoperative pneumonia. Complications and vascular reconstruction were associated with type II and III tumours. During follow-up four recurrences were detected, two contralateral tumours, a phaeochromocytoma, a graft thrombosis and six deaths, (1 from malignancy and metastasis). Conclusions: Surgery in the early stage reduces the morbidity and mortality. Follow-up should be with Doppler ultrasound to detect recurrence, bilaterality and complications of vascular reconstruction. The possible familial presentation, recurrence, association with other tumours or metastases, requires systematic monitoring of the patient(AU)

Tratamiento de la trombosis venosa de esfuerzo en el miembro superior / Treatment of effort-induced venous thrombosis of the upper limb

IntroducciónEl correcto tratamiento de la trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) subclavia puede disminuir la secuela a largo plazo.ObjetivoAnalizar el resultado clínico a largo plazo de los pacientes tratados en nuestro servicio de trombosis venosa de esfuerzo en el miembro superior.Material y métodosEstudio retrospectivo (1986-2009). Veintinueve pacientes diagnosticados de TVP subclavia sin antecedente de marcapasos, neoplasia, accesos venosos o de hemodiálisis. Once mujeres y 18 hombres, edad media 38 años. Más de la mitad con trabajos o deportes con sobreesfuerzo de la cintura escapular. Diagnóstico: flebografía y/o ecodoppler. Tratamiento: anticoagulación: 5, fibrinólisis y anticoagulación: 9, cirugía y anticoagulación: 2, fibrinólisis, cirugía y anticoagulación: 13. La fibrinólisis (urokinasa) fue total o parcialmente efectiva en el 77% de los casos (17 de los 22 tratados con urokinasa), en 2 de ellos trombectomía adicional. Cirugía descompresiva en 15 casos: el 59% de los tratados con fibrinólisis; 4 abordajes vía transaxilar, 2 supraclavicular y 9 suprainfraclavicular. En todos los pacientes salvo en uno, resección de primera costilla asociando escalenectomía en todos. Evaluamos la secuela mediante test de calidad de vida QuickDASH y permeabilidad de la vena mediante ecodoppler.ResultadosComplicaciones precoces: una reintervención por sangrado. No complicaciones tardías. Seguimiento medio 126 meses. Siete pacientes perdidos en el seguimiento. A largo plazo, el 68% asintomáticos, de estos, el 73% sometidos a cirugía descompresiva.ConclusionesEn nuestra serie, los pacientes con TVP de esfuerzo sometidos a cirugía descompresiva, presentan un mejor resultado clínico a largo plazo que los no intervenidos(AU)

IntroductionApplying appropriate treatment for subclavian deep vein thrombosis may reduce long-term sequels.ObjectiveTo analyse the long-term clinical results of those patients treated in for upper body stress thrombosis in our Department.Materials and methodsA retrospective study (period 1986-2009) was conducted on 29 patients diagnosed with Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) without pacemaker, neoplasia, previous vein access, or history of haemodialysis. The subjects included 11 women and 18 men, with a mean age of 38 years. More than half of the study subjects had jobs or took part in a sport activity involving acute stress of pectoral girdle. The diagnosis was made using Duplex Ultrasound With Venography. Treatment consisted of: anti-coagulation: 5; fibrinolysis: 9; surgery: 2; fibrinolysis+surgery: 13. Fibrinolysis was total or partially successful in 77% of cases (17 out of the 22 treated with Urokinase), two of them needing a further thrombectomy. Decompression surgery was used in 15 cases; 59% of the patients who had been treated with fibrinolysis, 4 via transaxillary approach, 2 supraclavicular and 9 supra- and infraclavicular combined. All patients but one had first rib resection, half of them had scalenectomy.ResultsEarly complications: one patient required post-intervention because of bleeding. There were no late complications. Seven patients were lost during follow up (126 months on average). In the long-term, 68% of interviewed patients remained asymptomatic, 73% of of them were subjected to decompression surgery.ConclusionsIn our series, patients who had a venous TOC decompression surgery after extrinsic compression, showed better long-term clinical results than those not operated on(AU)

Higher church attendance predicts lower fear of falling in older Mexican-Americans.

Several studies have shown that involvement in religious activity appears to benefit health. To estimate the association between church attendance and fear of falling, we used a sample of 1341 non-institutionalized Mexican-Americans aged 70 and over from the third wave (1998-1999) of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly, followed until 2000-2001. Baseline potential predictors of fear of falling were church attendance, socio-demographics, history of falls, summary measure of lower body performance (tandem balance, eight-foot walk, and repeated chair stands), functional status, depressive symptoms, cognitive status, and medical conditions. Fear of falling at the two-year follow-up was measured as no fear, somewhat afraid, fairly afraid, and very afraid. Chi-square statistic and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to estimate associations between the outcome and the potential predictors. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that frequent church attendance was an independent predictor of lower fear of falling (odds ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.58-0.92, P = 0.008) two years later. Other independent predictors of fear of falling were female gender, poorer objective lower body performance, history of falls, arthritis, hypertension, and urinary incontinence. Frequent church attendance is associated with decreased fear of falling in older Mexican-Americans.