Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire-Scoliosis.

STUDY DESIGN: It is cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Body Image Disturbances Questionnaire. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to adopt the English version of the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire-Scoliosis (BIDQ-S) into Turkish language. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: BIDQ-S is originally adopted from BIDQ scale which is designed to be used for healthy subjects in order to assess concerns and distress about physical appearance, and impairment on daily functioning. However, there is no culturally adopted and validated BIDQ-S for the Turkish population. METHOD: Translation and back translation method was used to guide the translation process of the BIDQ-S from English to Turkish. In order to determine and confirm the factor structure of the Turkish BIDQ-S exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. Convergent validity of the Turkish BIDQ-S- was determined by calculating the correlations of BIDQ-S, and the factors emerged, with the indicators of subjective well-being which consists of three components: positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and satisfaction with life (SWL) and of health related quality of life measured by Scoliosis Research Society Questionnaire (SRS-22). RESULTS: The data from the present study demonstrated that different from the original, German and Chinese versions two factor solutions were found. The Turkish BIDQ-S also showed satisfactory internal consistency value with Cronbach α equals to 0.88 construct validity. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, current study shows that Turkish BIDQ-S is a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessing the body image concerns in patients with scoliosis in Turkish population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

[The experience of chronic pain and pain beliefs]. / Kronik agri yasantisi ve agri inançlari.

Chronic pain is well appreciated as a universal problem in the sense that it causes serious impairment in the individuals' physical and psychosocial status of functioning. Research, psychological assessment and psychotherapeutic process towards chronic pain is most frequently based on the principles of cognitive-behavioral approach (CBA). However, Sharp criticised CBA for its ongoing dependency on the operant premises of the pure behavioral approach and proposed a "reformulated CBA" where the emphasis is on specific cognitive factors, primarily the pain beliefs. According to current studies in chronic pain, it is becoming increasingly apparent that pain beliefs play an important role in the maintainance and management of chronic pain. In Turkey, there are no studies and tools on pain beliefs. In this specific review, the literature on pain beliefs is discussed in terms of necessity of research and material development on pain beliefs that tab factors specific to Turkish culture.