Assuntos
3,3'-Diclorobenzidina/química , Carcinógenos/química , Corantes/química , Queratinócitos/fisiologia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Pele/patologia , 3,3'-Diclorobenzidina/toxicidade , Animais , Carcinógenos/toxicidade , Células Cultivadas , DNA/análise , Quebras de DNA , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Instabilidade Genômica , Humanos , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/efeitos adversos , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Suínos , TatuagemRESUMO
Since laser treatment of tattoos is the favored method for the removing of no longer wanted permanent skin paintings, analytical, biokinetics and toxicological data on the fragmentation pattern of commonly used pigments are urgently required for health safety reasons. Applying dynamic headspace-gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (DHS-GC/MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-ToF-MS), we identified 1,2-benzene dicarbonitrile, benzonitrile, benzene, and the poisonous gas hydrogen cyanide (HCN) as main fragmentation products emerging dose-dependently upon ruby laser irradiation of the popular blue pigment copper phthalocyanine in suspension. Skin cell viability was found to be significantly compromised at cyanide levels of ≥1 mM liberated during ruby laser irradiation of >1.5 mg/ml phthalocyanine blue. Further, for the first time we introduce pyrolysis-GC/MS as method suitable to simulate pigment fragmentation that may occur spontaneously or during laser removal of organic pigments in the living skin of tattooed people. According to the literature such regular tattoos hold up to 9 mg pigment/cm(2) skin.
Assuntos
Corantes/química , Cianeto de Hidrogênio/química , Indóis/química , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Linhagem Celular , Corantes/toxicidade , Humanos , Cianeto de Hidrogênio/toxicidade , Cinética , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Processos Fotoquímicos , TatuagemAssuntos
Genes MHC da Classe II/fisiologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/metabolismo , Neurofibromina 1/deficiência , Células de Schwann/metabolismo , Regulação para Cima/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Genes MHC da Classe II/genética , Antígenos HLA-DP/metabolismo , Antígenos HLA-DQ/metabolismo , Antígenos HLA-DR/metabolismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/genética , Humanos , Neurofibroma , Neurofibromatose 1/metabolismo , Neurofibromatose 1/patologia , Neurofibromina 1/genética , Neurofibromina 1/metabolismo , Nervos Periféricos/metabolismo , Nervos Periféricos/patologia , Fenótipo , Células de Schwann/patologia , Regulação para Cima/genéticaRESUMO
Although the current classification systems of vascular malformations and hemangiomas are increasingly accepted, there are nonetheless several aspects that show us how special and at the same time difficult it is to diagnose, evaluate, and treat some of those diseases. Close interdisciplinary cooperation of all involved disciplines is essential; the discussion of the adequate individual procedure must be performed in angioma boards, as it is already well established in the context of tumor boards. The interface of angioma therapy and tumor therapy seems to be very close, which is certainly true for the aspect of angiogenesis and of course for the inhibited proliferation as promising therapeutic approach of complex vascular malformations. This leads to another obvious necessity of intensifying experimental scientific research on vascular malformations and hemangiomas, which is a precondition for optimizing or elimination of different current problems and deficits in the mentioned field.
