RESUMO
Objetivo La Urolitiasis constituye un motivo de consulta común, con una alta incidencia y prevalencia. Cuando los cálculos renales son mayores a 20 mm, la primera línea de tratamiento es la nefrolitotomía percutánea. En Colombia existe poca información sobre la evaluación de las características de los pacientes y las complicaciones asociadas a ese procedimiento quirúrgico. Este estudio, busca determinar la prevalencia de las complicaciones en nefrolitotomía percutánea en una clínica de Medellín entre los años 2015 y 2017. Métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo en el que se analiza la prevalencia de complicaciones mayores que presentaron los pacientes sometidos a nefrolitotomía percutánea en una clínica de tercer nivel en la ciudad de Medellín entre los años 2015 y 2017. Resultados a 176 pacientes se les realizó Nefrolitotomía percutánea entre el 2015 y el 2017. Se encontró una prevalencia de complicaciones mayores de 11,4%. El 60,2% de los pacientes que presentaron complicaciones fueron mujeres y la edad media fue de 45,1 años (DE ± 12,5 años). El 60% de los cálculos eran coraliformes. El 45% ubicados en el caliz inferior; siendo bilaterales en el 40% de ellos. La complicación más frecuente, fueron los cálculos residuales en el 6,8% seguido de complicaciones pulmonares en el 6,3% e infecciosas en el 6,3%. Conclusiones La nefrolitotomía percutánea representa un procedimiento quirúrgico relativamente seguro para el abordaje de pacientes con alta carga litiásica con un porcentaje de complicaciones relativamente bajo.
Objective Urolithiasis is a common reason to consult in medical practice. When stones are greater than 20 mm, the first line of treatment is percutaneous nephrolithotomy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of complications in percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a clinic in Medellín Colombia between 2015 and 2017. Methods We present a retrospective observational study in which the prevalence of major complications in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy was analyzed in a third level clinic in the city of Medellin - Colombia between 2015 and 2017. Results 176 patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy between 2015 and 2017. A prevalence of complications greater than 11.4% was found. 60.2% of the patients who presented complications were women and the average age was 45.1 years (SD ± 12.5 years). 60% of the stones were staghorn. 45% located in the lower calyx; being bilateral in 40% of cases. The most frequent complication was residual stones in 6.8% followed by pulmonary complications in 6.3% and infectious in 6.3%. Conclusions Percutaneous nephrolithotomy represents a relatively safe surgical procedure for the management of patients with a high lithiasic load with a relatively low percentage of complications.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Prevalência , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea , Terapêutica , Cálculos Renais , Colômbia , UrolitíaseRESUMO
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: The incidence of complications and number of critically ill patients in hyperbaric medicine is relatively low [1]. This poses a challenge to those tasked with educating trainees as well as maintaining the skills of staff. Hyperbaric medicine fellows may not be exposed to critical patient scenarios or complications of hyperbaric medicine during a one-year fellowship. Additional staff may be unfamiliar with these situations as well. The purpose of hyperbaric simulation curriculum is to train health care providers for rare situations. To our knowledge, this hyperbaric simulation curriculum is the first published use of simulation education in the specialty of undersea and hyperbaric medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two simulation cases have been developed that involve a patient with oxygen toxicity during hyperbaric treatment as well as an ICU patient with mucous plugging. RESULTS: Medical training simulations are an effective method of teaching content and training multiple roles in Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine. SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS: A hyperbaric simulation curriculum is an achievable educational initiative that is able to train multiple team members simultaneously in situations that they may not encounter on a regular basis. We believe that this could be easily exported to otherinstitutions for further education.
Assuntos
Currículo , Educação Médica/métodos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Treinamento por Simulação/métodos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/terapia , Bolsas de Estudo , Humanos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/efeitos adversos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Intubação Intratraqueal , Muco , Oxigênio/intoxicação , Simulação de PacienteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is recommended in pregnant women and prior to urologic procedures with anticipated mucosal disruption. However, there is still insufficient evidence of the usefulness of treating ASB prior to urologic procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to ascertain the risk of infections in patients undergoing urologic surgery based on the presence of ASB. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study among patients undergoing urologic surgery at a single center located in Medellín, Colombia. All patients were screened for ASB prior to their procedures. Patients were evaluated for the development of any postoperative infectious complications for up to 30 days after the procedure. RESULTS: A total of 149 patients were included in this cohort. Incidence of ASB was 14.8%. Thirteen patients (8.72%) developed infectious complications: 3 (13.64%) with ASB and 10 (7.87%) without ABS. Factors associated with postoperative infectious complications included urologic cancers (hazard ratio [HR], 5.26; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.24-22.37), urologic interventions in the preceding 3 months (HR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.02-13.51), and use of antibiotics 3 months prior to surgery (HR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.01-15.49). Presence of ASB was not associated with postsurgical infectious complications (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.26-3.96). CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between ASB and postoperative infectious complications. There were other factors associated with infectious complications, such as urologic cancer, previous history of urologic manipulation, and antibiotic use.
Assuntos
Bacteriúria/diagnóstico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Infecções por Proteus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Serratia/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Urológicas/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças Assintomáticas , Bacteriúria/etiologia , Bacteriúria/microbiologia , Colômbia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/etiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/microbiologia , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecções por Proteus/etiologia , Infecções por Proteus/microbiologia , Fatores de Risco , Infecções por Serratia/etiologia , Infecções por Serratia/microbiologia , Neoplasias Urológicas/microbiologia , Neoplasias Urológicas/patologia , Neoplasias Urológicas/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
La uretroplastia transpúbica es una técnica empleada para tratar la estenosis de uretra proximal compleja, permitiendo una mejor visualización del campo quirúrgico y una mayor facilidad al momento de realizar la anastomosis. Existen pocas descripciones en la literatura de los resultados quirúrgicos y funcionales en los pacientes sometidos a ese procedimiento, el propósito de este estudio es describir una serie de casos complejos tratados con ese abordaje, de una manera interdisciplinaria entre Urología y Ortopedia
Transpubic urethroplasty is a technique used to treat complex proximal urethral stricture, allowing better visualization of the surgical field and greater ease at the time of performing the anastomosis. There are few descriptions in the literature of the surgical and functional results in the patients undergoing this procedure, the purpose of this study is to describe a series of complex cases treated with this approach, in an interdisciplinary way between Urology and Orthopedics.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estreitamento Uretral , Osso Púbico , Incontinência UrináriaRESUMO
En algunos subtipos de migraña se ha demostrado la existencia de hiperexcitabilidad cortical y metabolismo energético cerebral anormal debido probablemente a disfunción mitocondrial. En estos pacientes es alta la sospecha sobre la existencia de mutaciones en el ADN mitocondrial implicadas como mecanismos fisiopatológicos en esta entidad. Objetivo. Identificar la mutación A3243G del ADN mitocondrial en pacientes con complicaciones de la migraña, y la migraña hemipléjica esporádica, basilar y retiniana. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-prospectivo en una serie de pacientes de consulta externa neurológica de la ciudad de Medellín, con diagnóstico de los diferentes subtipos de migraña, desde agosto de 2006 a diciembre de 2007. Resultados. Se incluyeron en el estudio 19 pacientes, 14 mujeres y 5 hombres, con edad promedio de 33,4 ± 13,5 años. De los diferentes subtipos la hemipléjica fue la más prevalente (11 pacientes), seguida de la migraña basilar (3 pacientes), el estado migrañoso (2 pacientes), la migraña retinal (2 pacientes) y el aura prolongada (1 paciente). La mutación A3243G en el ADN de leucocitos de sangre periférica, que fue la única evaluada en el estudio, no estuvo presente en ninguna de las muestras analizadas. Conclusiones. La mutación A3243G del ADN mitocondrial no está relacionada con la presentación de los diferentes subtipos en la población estudiada. Futuros estudios con mayor número de pacientes de cada sub-tipo de migraña permitirán ampliar el conocimiento sobre el papel de ésta y otras mutaciones mitocondriales en este trastorno.
Hyperexitability and abnormal brain metabolism due to mitochondrial dysfunction has been described in somespecific types of migraine. In these patients there are high suspicion of mutations in mitochondrial DNA thatare implicated as pathophysiologic mechanisms in this entity. Objective. To identify the A3243G mutation of mitochondrial DNA in patients with complications of migraine, sporadic hemiplegic migraine, basilar type migraine, retinal migraine. Materials and methods. A prospective descriptive study of a series of neurological patients in an outpatient of the city of Medellin, with a diagnosis of that subtypes, from August 2006 to December 2007. Results. This study included 19 patients, 14 women and 5 men with mean age 33.4 ± 13.54 years. Of the different subtypes hemiplegic was the most prevalent (11 patients), followed by basilar migraine (3 patients), migraine status (2 patients), retinal migraine (2 patients) and prolonged aura (1 patient). The A3243G mutation in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes, which was only evaluated in the study, was not found in any of the samples. Conclusions. The mitochondrial DNA A3243G mutation is not related to the presentation of different subtypes in the population studied. Future clinical trials, with a representative number of patients for each subtypes, may draw conclusions about whether the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by this and other mutations associated with the clinical presentation of this type of migraine.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cefaleia , Enxaqueca com Aura , Enxaqueca sem Aura , Mutação , NeurologiaRESUMO
SE REVISAN las cefaleas primarias más frecuentes que comprometen las estructuras oculares y vecinas al globo ocular, las variantes de la migraña y las alteraciones propias del nervio óptico que alteran la función visual y que se acompañan no solamente de síntomas dolorosos sino también de trastornos vasomotores debidos a alteraciones del sistema nervioso autónomo que suelen ser comunes en algunos procesos neurálgicos llamados ahora cefaleas con compromiso disautonómico. En este artículo se comentan los elementos epidemiológicos de las diferentes enfermedades craneales, faciales y oculares que cursan con cefalea; las diferencias clínicas entre las mismas y su presentación semiológica, al igual que algunos elementos terapéuticos. Se discuten además algunos elementos fisiopatológicos de gran utilidad en el análisis de los procesos dolorosos craneofaciales y el perfil temporal de los mismos; también se comentan algunas cefaleas secundarias que comparten con las primarias elementos que se prestan a confusión en la clínica. Finalmente, se hace un análisis de las neuralgias faciales comunes.
The most frequent primary headaches, including migraine variants, and intrinsic optic nerve disorders that produce headache, are reviewed. The latter are often accompanied by autonomic nervous system alterations which lead to vasomotor changes, frequently present in neuralgic processes known as headaches with disautonomic involvement. Epidemiological, semiological, clinical, and therapeutical aspects of different cranial, facial and ocular diseases that produce headache are included. Some physiopathological elements that may help to analyze painful craniofacial processes are discussed. Secondary headaches and common facial neuralgias, on the other hand, are also considered because they may confuse the differential diagnosis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Oftalmopatias , CefaleiaRESUMO
Los triptanes son medicamentos de reciente aparición, con una alta especificidad para los receptores de serotonina y una acción terapéutica probada y una alta eficacia. Se analizan las principales características farmacológicas y la indicación clínica de estos medicamentos en el manejo de la migraña, haciendo énfasis en las cualidades de cada uno de ellos y en la experiencia de los diferentes estudios clínicos. Se comentan sus efectos colaterales sus beneficios y desventajas. Se da una orientación basados en las características individuales de los triptanes y apoyada en la literatura reciente y se desaconseja el uso de los derivados del ergot por vía oral, comparando su eficacia a la del efecto placebo
