Acceptability of Switching to Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Among People Living with HIV on Dolutegravir/Rilpivirine Combination: A Single-Center Experience.

The availability of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine injection combination requires some changes in service delivery of outpatient HIV clinics; it is therefore important for clinicians to know the potential number of people living with HIV (PLWH) who are interested in a long-acting antiretroviral treatment. We aimed to determine in an outpatient clinic the number of PLWH, on dolutegravir/rilpivirine, accepting a switch to an injectable long-acting antiretroviral treatment, and the reasons underlying this choice. In our single-center study, in this subset of HIV-infected patients, the main cause for refusal of a long-acting injectable regimen was the need for the administration to be done in hospital, as required in Italy, suggesting that current regulations about this aspect must be changed.

Dynamics of anti-malarial antibodies in non-immune patients during and after a first and unique Plasmodium falciparum malaria episode.

BACKGROUND: Malaria is a major travel medicine issue. Retrospective confirmation of a malaria episode diagnosed in an endemic area can have relevant implications in transfusional medicine in Europe, where blood donors are excluded from donation on the basis of positive malaria serology. However, there is scarce evidence on the dynamics of anti-malarial antibodies after a first malaria episode in non-immune individuals. The first aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of anti-malarial antibodies in a first malaria episode in non-immune travellers. Secondary objectives were to assess the sensitivity of serology for a retrospective diagnosis in non-immune travellers diagnosed while abroad and to discuss the implications in transfusional medicine. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the results of an indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for malaria available for patients with a first malaria episode by Plasmodium falciparum and admitted at the IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria hospital in a 14-year period. The antibody titres were collected at baseline and during further follow up visits. Epidemiological, demographic and laboratory test results (including full blood count and malaria parasite density) were anonymously recorded in a study specific electronic Case Report Form created with OpenClinica software. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS software version 9.4. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were included. Among them, all but two were Europeans (one African and one American). Median length of fever before diagnosis was 2 days (IQR 1-3). Thirty-five patients had seroconversion between day 1 and day 4 from admission, and the titre showed a sharply rising titre, often to a very high level in a few days. Only a single patient remained negative in the first 5 days from admission, after which he was no more tested. Six patients were followed up for at least 2 months, and they all showed a decline in IFAT titre, tending to seroreversion (confirmed in one patient with the longest follow up, almost 4 years). CONCLUSIONS: Serology demonstrated reliable for retrospective diagnosis in non-immune travellers. The decline in the anti-malarial titre might be included in the screening algorithms of blood donors, but further studies are needed.

Compostaje en Europa: microbiología básica, ingeniería civil y arquitectura

Explica que la Unión Europea ha adoptado una estrategia para el manejo de residuos en la cual se enfatiza la prevención de residuos, recuperación de materiales y optimización de la disposición final. Desarrolla el proceso del compostaje. Diferencia compostaje natural del industrial, los requisitos para las nuevas plantas de compostaje, el impacto ambiental, la calidad del compostaje y la utilización del compostaje

Compostaje en Europa: microbiología básica, ingeniería civil y arquitectura

Explica que la Unión Europea ha adoptado una estrategia para el manejo de residuos en la cual se enfatiza la prevención de residuos, recuperación de materiales y optimización de la disposición final. Desarrolla el proceso del compostaje. Diferencia compostaje natural del industrial, los requisitos para las nuevas plantas de compostaje, el impacto ambiental, la calidad del compostaje y la utilización del compostaje