Atención primaria de salud: una mirada global para orientarnos en lo local / Primary Health Care: a global view to orient ourselves locally

RESUMEN La atención sanitaria en general y la atención primaria de salud en particular necesitan ser pensadas y desarrolladas atendiendo a las cambiantes realidades sanitarias y sociales. Dichas realidades, complejas y diversas en función de las particularidades de cada país y la evolución de sus servicios de salud, presentan a su vez determinados retos comunes a los que también deberíamos responder de manera compartida. El presente trabajo es una reflexión abierta acerca de las características básicas de la atención primaria desde una perspectiva internacional, elaborada y compartida en el contexto del II Simposio de Atención Primaria Social, organizado por la Universidad de Caldas en noviembre de 2019. Utilizando la metáfora de la travesía por mar, se resitúan los principales atributos y condicionantes de la atención primaria a modo de carta de navegación y se sugieren los referentes de una posible brújula que puedan servirnos para sortear amenazas y avanzar conjuntamente hacia una atención primaria pública de calidad y al servicio de la salud de nuestras poblaciones.

ABSTRACT Health care in general and Primary Health Care in particular need to be thought and developed in response to changing health and social realities. These realities, complex and diverse depending on the particularities of each country and the evolution of their health services, present at the same time certain common challenges to which we should also respond in a shared way. The present work is an open reflection about the basic characteristics of Primary Health Care from an international perspective, elaborated and shared in the II Symposium of Social Primary Care organized by the University of Caldas in November 2019. Using the metaphor of the sea crossing, the main attributes and constraints of Primary Health Care are restored as a navigation chart and the references of a possible compass are suggested, which could serve us for the sake of threats and jointly advance towards a quality, public Primary Health Care at the health service of our new populations.

El educador de la salud en la salud pública / The educator for health in public health

RESUMEN Este ensayo expone cómo el educador de la salud, en su quehacer en el campo de la salud pública tradicional, solventa formas de relación con los educandos, enmarcadas en la preponderancia del modelo biomédico, a través de la imposición de significados y valores situados en una concepción biologista de la enfermedad que ha invisibilizado a la salud. En contraste, se presenta la perspectiva crítica de la salud pública alternativa como una posibilidad de resignificar la práctica del educador de la salud. A partir de actuaciones en las que la salud se entiende como un constructo social, el presente artículo busca potenciar abordajes más coherentes con la realidad de los problemas complejos relacionados con la salud desde su conexión con la vida.(AU)

ABSTRACT This essay argues how the health educator in his work in the field of traditional public health solves forms of relationship with the students, framed in the preponderance of the biomedical model, through the imposition of meanings and values located in a conception biologist of the disease that has made health invisible. In contrast, the critical perspective of alternative public health is presented as a possibility to give another meaning to the practice of the health educator. On the roll of the health like a social construct, this paper aims to boost approaches more consistent with the reality of the complex problems related to the health from its connection with the life.(AU)

Cuarentena por coviD-19 en un profesional de la salud: dimensión psicológica, social y familiar / Quarantine by COVID-19 in a health professional: psychological, social and family dimensions

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las dimensiones psicológica, social y familiar de una profesional de la salud en cuarentena por COVID-19. Método Reporte de caso. Se utilizó una matriz como bitácora diaria para recolección de información de las tres dimensiones analizadas. Se respetó el anonimato de la persona en todo momento. Resultados Se presenta un estudio de caso con los principales hitos de la vida diaria de una profesional de la salud durante los 14 días de cuarentena. En la dimensión psicológica se destacan sentimientos de miedo e incertidumbre ante el riesgo; en la social, sobresale la importancia del acompañamiento de familiares y amigos que fortalecieron la adaptabilidad al proceso, y en la familiar, la relevancia de los vínculos afectivos y la comunicación permanente. Conclusión Los aspectos desarrollados en las diferentes dimensiones deben ser considerados por quienes participan en el manejo y seguimiento de casos en el cuidado primario, en tanto son la posibilidad de fortalecer el mecanismo neuronal y hormonal a través del soporte familiar y social. El ser profesional de la salud y el conocimiento sobre el tema puede generar una mayor afectación (por el aislamiento involuntario relacionado con el riesgo de COVID-19), no solo clínica, sino también psicológica, social y familiar. En este este sentido, quienes manejan los casos deben considerar la integralidad en las condiciones de salud.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the psychological, social and family dimensions of a health professional quarantined by COVID-19. Method Case report. A matrix was used as a daily log to collect information from the three dimensions analyzed. The anonymity of the person was respected at all times. Results A case study is presented with the main milestones in the daily life of a health professional during the 14 days of quarantine. In the psychological dimension, feelings of fear and uncertainty in the face of risk are highlighted, in the social dimension the importance of the accompaniment of family and friends who strengthened the adaptability to the process stands out, and in the family dimension the relevance of affective bonds and permanent communication. Conclusion The aspects developed in the different dimensions should be considered by those who participate in the management and follow-up of cases in primary care, as they are the possibility of strengthening the neuronal and hormonal mechanism through family and social support. Being a health professional and having knowledge on the subject can generate a greater effect of involuntary isolation related to the risk of COVID-19. This is not only clinical, but also psychological, social and family. In this sense those who manage the cases should consider the integrality in health conditions.(AU)

[Quarantine by COVID-19 in a health professional: psychological, social and family dimensions]. / Cuarentena por COVID-19 en un profesional de la salud: dimensión psicológica, social y familiar.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the psychological, social and family dimensions of a health professional quarantined by COVID-19. METHOD: Case report. A matrix was used as a daily log to collect information from the three dimensions analyzed. The anonymity of the person was respected at all times. RESULTS: A case study is presented with the main milestones in the daily life of a health professional during the 14 days of quarantine. In the psychological dimension, feelings of fear and uncertainty in the face of risk are highlighted, in the social dimension the importance of the accompaniment of family and friends who strengthened the adaptability to the process stands out, and in the family dimension the relevance of affective bonds and permanent communication. CONCLUSION: The aspects developed in the different dimensions should be considered by those who participate in the management and follow-up of cases in primary care, as they are the possibility of strengthening the neuronal and hormonal mechanism through family and social support. Being a health professional and having knowledge on the subject can generate a greater effect of involuntary isolation related to the risk of COVID-19. This is not only clinical, but also psychological, social and family. In this sense those who manage the cases should consider the integrality in health conditions.

[The educator for health in public health]. / El educador para la salud en la salud pública.

This essay argues how the health educator in his work in the field of traditional public health solves forms of relationship with the students, framed in the preponderance of the biomedical model, through the imposition of meanings and values located in a conception biologist of the disease that has made health invisible. In contrast, the critical perspective of alternative public health is presented as a possibility to give another meaning to the practice of the health educator. On the roll of the health like a social construct, this paper aims to boost approaches more consistent with the reality of the complex problems related to the health from its connection with the life.

Este ensayo expone cómo el educador de la salud, en su quehacer en el campo de la salud pública tradicional, solventa formas de relación con los educandos, enmarcadas en la preponderancia del modelo biomédico, a través de la imposición de significados y valores situados en una concepción biologista de la enfermedad que ha invisibilizado a la salud. En contraste, se presenta la perspectiva crítica de la salud pública alternativa como una posibilidad de resignificar la práctica del educador de la salud. A partir de actuaciones en las que la salud se entiende como un constructo social, el presente artículo busca potenciar abordajes más coherentes con la realidad de los problemas complejos relacionados con la salud desde su conexión con la vida.