[COVID 19 in intensive care: epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects in Bamako]. / COVID 19 en reanimation : aspects epidemiologique, clinique et pronostique a Bamako.

OBJECTIVE: to report the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic characteristics of the first COVID 19 patients in intensive care. PATIENTS AND METHOD: retrospective descriptive and analyticalstudy over 4 months, covering all adult patients tested positive for SARS-Cov-2 and admitted to intensive care. RESULTS: 49 patients, 35 men and 14 women (2% of cases) were admitted to intensive care. The median age was 64 years [26 - 92]. Hypertension (16; 32.6%), and diabetes (11; 22.4%) were the mostcommoncomorbidities. The most common symptoms on admission were cough (38; 80.9%), shortness of breath (35; 74.5%), and fever (33; 70.2%). The median time to onset of symptoms was 11 days. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was used in 21 patients (42.9%). Fourteen (28.6%) wereintubated and put onassisted ventilation. The mean hospital stay was 7.77 ± 7.30 days. We recorded 20 (40.8%) deaths. Factors associated with death were high blood pressure, onset of shock, and on mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION: Covid-19 remains a public healthproblemwith high morbidity and mortality. The morbidity and mortalityfactorsare: comorbidities and the severity of the clinicalpicture.

OBJECTIF: rapporter les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques et thérapeutiques des premiers patients COVID 19 en réanimation. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODE: étude rétrospective descriptive et analytique sur 4 mois, portant sur l'ensemble des patients adultes testés positif au SARS-Cov-2 et admis en réanimation. RÉSULTATS: 49 patients, 35 hommes et 14 femmes (2% des cas) étaient admis en réanimation. L'âge médian était de 64 ans [26 ­ 92]. L'HTA (16 ; 32,6%), et le diabète (11 ; 22,4%) étaient les comorbidités les plus fréquentes. Les symptômes les plus fréquents à l'admission étaient la toux (38 ; 80,9%), l'essoufflement (35 ; 74,5%), et la fièvre (33 ; 70,2%). Le délai médian d'apparition des symptômes était de 11 jours. La ventilation non invasive (VNI) a été utilisée chez 21 patients (42,9%). Quatorze (28,6%) ont été intubés et mise sous ventilation assistée. La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 7,77 ± 7,30 jours. Nous avons enregistré 20 (40,8%) décès. Les facteurs associés au décès étaient l'hypertension artérielle, la survenue d'un état de choc, la mise sous ventilation assistée. CONCLUSION: la Covid-19 reste un problème de santé publique avec une morbi mortalité élevée. Les facteurs de morbi-mortalité sont : les comorbidités et la sévérité du tableau clinique.

[Acute Complications Of Snakebite Envenomation In Department Resuscitation Of CHU-Mother Child "Luxembourg" Of Bamako]. / Complications Aigues De L'Envenimation Par Morsures De Serpent Au Service De Reanimation Du Chu Mere Enfant "Le Luxembourg" De Bamako.

Envenomation by snakebite remains a public health problem in Africa. The purpose of our work was to study the acute complications of snakebite envenomation and the risk factors for its complications. METHOD: This was a retrospective and prospective study over a period of 07 years, which was performed in the department of anesthesia resuscitation and emergencies of CHU-Mother Child "Luxembourg" of Bamako. RESULTS: During this period, 76 cases of Ophidian envenomation were recorded. The average age of the patients was 34 ± 12 years old. . The family of vipers (Echis and Bitis) was the most incriminated 84,61% of the cases. Hemorrhagic complications were observed in 78.94% of patients, other complications (cardiovascular, neurological, dermatological, ophthalmological ...) were observed in 21.05% of patients. The main risk factor for complication observed was the delay in management (> 6 hours delay) in 100% of patients. The absence of serotherapy and or the initial resort to traditional treatment have been complicating risk factors. Almost all victims of Elapidae bites, 89.9% (5/6 cases) died. Serotherapy was performed urgently in 97.4% of cases. The morbidity in our study was 10.52% with a 7.8% mortality. CONCLUSION: in our context, the management of envenomations by snake bite remains dependent on a multitude of complications. The prognosis is conditioned by the early administration of symptomatic treatment and a specific antidote.

L'envenimation par morsure de serpent reste un problème de santé publique en Afrique. Notre travail avait pour objectif d'étudier les complications aigues de l'envenimation par morsure de serpent, ainsi que les facteurs de risque de ses complications. MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective et prospective sur une période de 07 ans, qui a été réalisée dans le département d'anesthésie réanimation et des urgences du CHU-Mère enfant le « Luxembourg ¼ de Bamako. RÉSULTATS: Durant cette période, 76 cas d'envenimations ophidiennes ont été enregistrés. L'âge moyen des patients était de 34±12 ans. . La famille des vipéridés (Echis et Bitis) était la plus incriminée 84,61% des cas. Les complications hémorragiques ont été observées chez 78,94% des patients, d'autres complications (cardiovasculaire, neurologique, dermatologique, ophtalmologique...) ont été observées chez 21,05% des patients. Le principal facteur de risque de survenu de complication observé, était le retard de prise en charge (délai> 6heures) Chez 100% des patients. L'absence de la sérothérapie et ou le recours initial à un traitement traditionnel ont été des facteurs de risques de complication. La presque totalité des victimes par morsures d'Elapidés soit 89,9% (5/6 cas) sont décédées. La sérothérapie a été effectuée en urgence chez 97,4% des cas. La morbidité dans notre étude a été de 10,52% avec une mortalité à 7,8%. CONCLUSION: dans notre contexte, la prise en charge des envenimations par morsure de serpent reste tributaire d'une multitude de complications. Le pronostic est conditionné par l'administration précoce d'un traitement symptomatique et d'un antidote spécifique.

Evolution des patients opérés en médecine humanitaire dans une zone de conflit au Mali : Une série de 63 cas

Introduction : La pratique de l'anesthésie en médecine humanitaire est contraignante. Elle l'est davantage dans un pays à ressources limitées et à faible revenu en période de conflit. Objectif : Décrire le devenir des patients opérés en médecine humanitaire dans une zone de conflit à Niono au Mali. Méthodologie : Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective et descriptive sur une période 30 jours. La saisie et l'analyse ont été faites par Windows 8, Epi info 3.5.3.fr et le khi² pour le test statistique. Résultats : Au total, 63 patients étaient colligés pendant la période d'étude. La moyenne d'âge était de 33,3 ± 18, 5 ans et une prédominance du sexe féminin. Les urgences représentaient 65,1% des cas. L'indication opératoire était gynécologique ou obstétricale dans 63, 5% des cas, suivie de la chirurgie viscérale (20,6%), de l'urologie (11,1%) et la traumatologie dans 4,8% des cas. Les patients étaient ASA I dans 69,8% et de la classe Altemeier II dans 81%. Une antibioprophylaxie était instaurée dans 88,9% des cas. Une anesthésie générale a été faite dans 76,2% suivie de la rachianesthésie dans 11,1%. Un évènement per opératoire était observé dans 66,7% des cas. La survenue d'une complication infectieuse était notée dans 11, 1% des cas. Il s'agissait d'une suppuration pariétale dans 57,1%, un sepsis sévère, une fistule vésico-pariétale et un choc septique dans 14,3% chacun. La durée médiane d'hospitalisation était de 4, 19 jours. L'évolution était favorable dans 98,4%. Conclusion : Dans nos pays, le conflit armé influence la bonne organisation du système de santé avec une augmentation de la morbidité-mortalité

Complications aigues de l'envenimation par morsures de serpent au service de Réanimation du chu mère enfant ''le Luxembourg'' de Bamako

L'envenimation par morsure de serpent reste un problème de santé publique en Afrique. Notre travail avait pour objectif d'étudier les complications aigues de l'envenimation par morsure de serpent, ainsi que les facteurs de risque de ses complications. Méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective et prospective sur une période de 07 ans, qui a été réalisée dans le département d'anesthésie réanimation et des urgences du CHU-Mère enfant le « Luxembourg » de Bamako. Résultats : Durant cette période, 76 cas d'envenimations ophidiennes ont été enregistrés. L'âge moyen des patients était de 34±12 ans.La famille des vipéridés (Echis et Bitis) était la plus incriminée 84,61% des cas. Les complications hémorragiques ont été observées chez 78,94% des patients, d'autres complications (cardiovasculaire, neurologique, dermatologique, ophtalmologique…) ont été observées chez 21,05% des patients. Le principal facteur de risque de survenu de complication observé, était le retard de prise en charge (délai> 6heures) Chez 100% des patients. L'absence de la sérothérapie et ou le recours initial à un traitement traditionnel ont été des facteurs de risques de complication. La presque totalité des victimes par morsures d'Elapidés soit 89,9% (5/6 cas) sont décédées. La sérothérapie a été effectuée en urgence chez 97,4% des cas. La morbidité dans notre étude a été de 10,52% avec une mortalité à 7,8%. Conclusion : dans notre contexte, la prise en charge des envenimations par morsure de serpent reste tributaire d'une multitude de complications. Le pronostic est conditionné par l'administration précoce d'un traitement symptomatique et d'un antidote spécifique

Anesthésie pour séparation d'un Craniopagus parasiticus

Le jumeau parasite est un type de siamois chez lequel un des jumeaux est représenté par une formation rudimentaire parasitant le jumeau principal. L'incidence des siamois est estimée de 1:50.000 à 1:100.000 naissances vivantes. Les siamois sont décrits en fonction des organes conjoints ou éventuellement partagés. La classification de Spencer est la plus classique. La séparation chirurgicale -si envisagée et réalisable- relève d'une prise en charge multidisciplinaire.La séparation d'un jumeau parasite est une intervention à risque per et post-opératoire élevé, nécessitant une exploration clinique, radiologique et physiologique notamment en ce qui concerne les organes conjoints ou fusionnés. Le risque anesthésique porte particulièrement sur l'intubation difficile, l'hémorragie, la transfusion massive, les troubles métaboliques. Pour partager notre expérience et discuter les principes de prise en charge, nous rapportons un cas d'anesthésie pour la séparation d'un cas de Craniopagus parasiticus réussi avec des suites post-opératoires sans complications

[Direct cost of traumatic brain management in Hospital of Ségou Mali: What funding for care management in Mali?] / Cout direct de la prise en charge du Traumatisme cranio-encephalique au Chr de Segou au Mali : Quel financement pour la pec au Mali?

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the second cause of admission in the emergency department at the Nianankoro Fomba hospital of Ségou. Young adults with low income are the most affected. The objective of this study is to evaluate the direct cost of the management of TBI at the emergency ward and to make a proposal for future financing of this management in Mali. We conducted a prospective study from September 2009 to December 2010 at the Nianankoro Fomba hospital of Ségou. All patients admitted in the emergency ward for TBI for more than 24 hours were included. The age range between 21-40 was the most affected. All socioprofessional categories were affected. The average cost of prescription was 55,392 CFA. Medical evacuation was necessary in 15 cases for an average fee of 60,700 CFA. Due to lack of money, 75% of deceased patients were not evacuated at the third level. The average cost of management was 99,385 CFA [range: 39,115-282,944]. The total cost of services was 7,269,320 CFA. The high cost of the management of TBI is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality of this disease.

Le traumatisme crânien encéphalique (TCE) est la deuxième cause d'admission aux urgences de l'hôpital Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou. Il touche l'adulte jeune avec un faible pouvoir d'achat. L'objectif de ce travail était d'évaluer le coût direct de la prise en charge (PEC) du TCE en réanimation et de proposer les modalités de financement pour sa PEC au Mali. Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective de Septembre 2009 à Décembre 2010 au centre hospitalier Nianankoro Fomba de Ségou. Tous les patients admis pour TCE en réanimation pour plus de 24 heures étaient inclus. La tranche d'âge 21­40 était prédominante. Toutes les couches socioprofessionnelles étaient exposées. Le coût moyen des ordonnances était de 55.392 CFA. L'évacuation sanitaire était effectuée dans 15 cas pour un frais de 60.700 francs. Pour manque de moyens, 75% des patients décédés n'étaient pas évacués en 3ème référence. Le coût moyen de la PEC était de 99.385 Francs (39.115-282.944). Le coût total des prestations s'élevait à 7.269.320 francs CFA. Le coût de la PEC des TCE est élevé et constitue un déterminant majeur de la morbimortalité liée à ce fléau.

Cout direct de la prise en charge du traumatisme cranio-encepahlique au CHR de Segou au Mali : quel financement pour la PEC au Mali ?

Le traumatisme cranien encephalique (TCE) est la deuxieme cause d'admission aux urgences de l'hopital Nianankoro Fomba de Segou. Il touche l'adulte jeune avec un faible pouvoir d'achat. L'objectif de ce travail etait d'evaluer le cout direct de la prise en charge (PEC) du TCE en reanimation et de proposer les modalites de financement pour sa PEC au Mali. Il s'agissait d'une etude prospective de Septembre 2009 a Decembre 2010 au centre hospitalier Nianankoro Fomba de Segou. Tous les patients admis pour TCE en reanimation pour plus de 24 heures etaient inclus. La tranche d'age 2140 etait predominante. Toutes les couches socioprofessionnelles etaient exposees. Le cout moyen des ordonnances etait de 55.392 CFA. L'evacuation sanitaire etait effectuee dans 15 cas pour un frais de 60.700 francs. Pour manque de moyens; 75% des patients decedes n'etaient pas evacues en 3eme reference. Le cout moyen de la PEC etait de 99.385 Francs (39.115-282.944). Le cout total des prestations s'elevait a 7.269.320 francs CFA. Le cout de la PEC des TCE est eleve et constitue un determinant majeur de la morbimortalite liee a ce fleau

[Epidemiological, clinical and evolving HIV-positive patients referred to the University Hospital of Point G, Bamako, Mali]. / Profil épidémioclinique et évolutif de patients VIH positif, référés au CHU du Point G, Bamako, Mali.

We conduct a longitudinal descriptive study in the department of infectious diseases to CHU of Point G during 18 months. It concerned adult patients referred from another care center. All the patients underwent systematic clinical examination and complementary exploration. Our sample was 352 HIV+ patients, with a mean age of 37.8 ± 9.8 years and a sex ratio (M/F)=0.94 shared among patients receiving ARV treatment (ART-s) and not (n-ART). Delay of reference was 5 ± 4.4 days. All patients benefited from clinical and paraclinical examinations. In both groups patients were mostly from level II. On admission, 132 cases were ART-s (38%). The main reasons for consultation were mainly fever [87.9%, p <0.05] and vomiting [17.4%, p =0.005] in the ART-s. Cough (p=0.9), and diarrhoea (p=0.5] were most noted in the n-TARV no statistically significant (no SS). Other reference reasons were similar in the 2 groups: headache (p=0.4), dyspnea (p=0.1). Selected diagnoses were dominated by tuberculosis (p=0.6) for n-ART no SS. Nontuberculosis infectious pneumonia (p=0.8) and cerebral toxoplasmosis (p=0.8) were comparable in the two groups. Severe systemic bacterial infections occurred more noted in the n-TARV (p=0.7). Malaria has been the main non-AIDS defining disease in the n-ART [-p=0.07] no SS. Patients were seen to late stage a corollary of a more collapsed of immunity in n-ART group [93.3%, p <0.05]. The fatality rate was similar in both groups (43.2%). Pathological factors were mainly tuberculosis (p=0.3) no SS. The factors involved significantly in TARV-s were non-tuberculosis bacterial pneumonia (p=0.001). The hospital mortality of HIV and AIDS is still important. Despite free ARVs and the large number of support center, the delay in diagnosis is a key as well as the lack of monitoring of patients factor.

[Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among blood donors in Segou, Mali]. / Séroprévalence des virus de l'immunodéficience humaine et des hépatites B et C chez les donneurs de sang à Ségou (Mali).

The purpose of this retrospective study, which examined data collected from January 2007 through September 2010, was to evaluate the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among 2946 new blood donors at the Nianankoro Fomba Hospital (NFH). The overall seroprevalence of HIV was 0.88%, of HBV 5.3%, and of HCV 0.55%. Donors infected with HIV and HBV were younger than healthy donors, while those infected with HCV were older. These findings at the NFH show that HIV, HBV, and HCV remain major public health problems in Mali.

[Problems related to informing families of patients in intensive care unit AT CHU Gabriel Touré (Mali)]. / Problematique Liee A L'Information Des Familles Des Patients En Milieu De Reanimation Au CHU Gabriel Toure (Mali).

INTRODUCTION: The admission of a patient in intensive care justified by the severity of the disease, is a stressful situation for his heirs. A fair and understandable information is a major component of the process quality of care. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the practice of informing families of patients and their satisfaction in intensive care unit. METHOD AND MATERIAL: We conducted a prospective study of 90 families of patients. The demographics of family representatives, and satisfaction data were collected. RESULTS: The majority of parents were aged between 20-40. The sex ratio was 2.9 for men. The siblings had accounted for 23 parents whether 25,6%. In 46 cases whether 51%, the relatives of families were satisfied with information received. 57.8% did not have good information on the risks of treatment complications. The lack of explanation about the evolution of the disease remained a major concern for 36 families. 69 of parents whether 76.7% felt that the frequency of visits was satisfactory. In our series no contradiction has been recorded in the information provided in 87 (96.7%) parents of patients. 80 (88.9%) of parents of patients showed the courtesy of staff at the reception. 54 relatives of patients whether 60% said they could not have been involved in the therapeutic management of the patient. 41 parents of patients whether 45.6% do not differentiate between the role of different caregivers. 45 parents felt uncomfortable. CONCLUSION: Despite the lack of normative information , most family members of patients were very satisfied with the information they were provided. Efforts to improve the satisfaction of families go through identifying the needs of the latter and effective communication strategy.

Problematique de la prise en charge de l'infarctus du myocarde a L'Hopital Desegou (Mali)

INTRODUCTION: Myocardial infarction is a major emergency involving life-threatening in the absence of appropriate treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the problem of management of myocardial infarction in a second reference hospital in Mali. PATIENTS AND METHODS : This was a prospective descriptive study over a period of six months from January to June 2010. It concerned all patients admitted for myocardial infarction in intensive care.The diagnosis was suspected in chest pain or the occurrence of complications (PAO, cardiogenic shock) and electrocardiogram signs on at least two precordial leads. The parameters studied were: age,reason for admission, risk factors, hemodynamic parameters, the deadline for completion of the ECG, the topography of lesions and electrical changes within 15 days. RESULTS: A male was found with a mean age of 54.62 years. Chest pain was the main reason for admission (6 cases) followed by cardiogenic shock (1 case) and acute pulmonary edema (1 case). The electrocardiogram was performed in 7 patients more than 24 hours after admission. The anterior territory was the most affected. On admission three patients had a systolic pressure below 90 mmHg.The evolution was marked by occurred heart failure (3 cases) and death (2 cases). CONCLUSION: The lack of diagnostic and therapeutic method in our heath facility helps to increase morbidity and mortality associated with myocardial infarction.

[Problems with the management of myocardial infarction at the Desegou Hospital]. / Problematique de la prise en charge de l'infarctus du myocarde a L'Hopital Desegou (Mali)

INTRODUCTION: Myocardial infarction is a major emergency involving life-threatening in the absence of appropriate treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the problem of management of myocardial infarction in a second reference hospital in Mali. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective descriptive study over a period of six months from January to June 2010. It concerned all patients admitted for myocardial infarction in intensive care.The diagnosis was suspected in chest pain or the occurrence of complications (PAO, cardiogenic shock) and electrocardiogram signs on at least two precordial leads. The parameters studied were: age,reason for admission, risk factors, hemodynamic parameters, the deadline for completion of the ECG, the topography of lesions and electrical changes within 15 days. RESULTS: A male was found with a mean age of 54.62 years. Chest pain was the main reason for admission (6 cases) followed by cardiogenic shock (1 case) and acute pulmonary edema (1 case). The electrocardiogram was performed in 7 patients more than 24 hours after admission. The anterior territory was the most affected. On admission three patients had a systolic pressure below 90 mmHg.The evolution was marked by occurred heart failure (3 cases) and death (2 cases). CONCLUSION: The lack of diagnostic and therapeutic method in our heath facility helps to increase morbidity and mortality associated with myocardial infarction.

Coma in the elderly: Etiological factors, management, and prognosis in the department of anesthesia and intensive care.

OBJECTIVE: To study the etiologies, therapeutic and prognosis factors of coma in the elderly in the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care of Gabriel TOURE Teaching Hospital, Mali. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective descriptive study of all cases of coma in the elderly, registered from February 1, 2008 to January 31, 2009 at the Department of Anesthesiology CHU Gabriel Touré, Bamako. RESULTS: During the study period, 564 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in which 174 (30.85%) were older people. We collected 100 subjects with impaired consciousness, the object of our study, which represented 17.73% of all admissions in the Department of Anesthesiology during the study period and 57.47% of all admissions of older people; 66% of our subjects were male. Hypertensive patients accounted for 60% of cases. In 46% of cases, it was a coma from cardiovascular causes and in 28% of cases; it was a coma of metabolic origin. The diagnoses made in the wake of the care of the elderly in ICU were predominantly stroke (46%) and electrolyte disturbances (13%). The coma was sudden onset in 58% of cases, including 28 cases of stroke whether 48.27%. The prognosis was marked by a fatality with 51% of deaths in our sample. CONCLUSION: The prognosis improvement of the elderly in coma through to the introduction of proxy measures.

[Epidemiological and clinical profile of traffic accident victims at the emergency department of the University Hospital of Gabriel Touré]. / Aspects epidemiocliniques des accidents de voie publique au service d'accueil des urgences CHU Gabriel Toure Bamako.

OBJECT: Studying the Epidemiological and clinical profile of accidents on public ways at the welcome service of emergencies, CHU Gabriel Touré within the scope of accident reduction on public ways and an improvement of their taking in charge. METHODOLOGY: Retro prospective study over a three-year- period including all the files of any patient emitted for accident happening on public ways without regard to race and sex. RESULT: Over a three-year-period (from January 2007 to December 2009). Our team has analized 2450 hospitalization files with a follow-up going from 0 to 45 days. The most concerned ages range from 15 to 29 years (43 per cent) with a male predominance (81 per cent). The mechanism motorcycles-pedestrians (30.9 per cent) was the most represented. The mains lesions observed were cranial traumatisms (58.9 per cent), followed with fractures of limbs (13.5 per cent). Death-rate has been risen at the level of young men above all (from 15 to 29 years) and it was mainly due to cranial traumatisms. CONCLUSION: Accidents on public ways represent a keen problem in matter of public health. The taking in charge of the curse should be very urgent. Information, communication and education of all the professional and social stratums seem necessary.

[Maternal mortality at the Gynecology-Obstetrics Service of the Segou Regional Hospital Center of Mali. Retrospective study of 138 cases]. / Mortalite Maternelle au Service de Gynecologie-Obstetrique du Centre Hospitalier Regional de Segou au Mali Etude Retrospective Sur 138 Cas.

Maternal mortality remains a serious threat especially to developing countries. We proposed to determine the frequency, causes and contributing factors to maternal mortality in order to improve the quality. of care. This is a retrospective study on 138 cases from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2008 at the Maternity Center Hospital Régional of Ségou. The maternal mortality rate was obtained in 2031 for 100000 live birth. The causes were dominated with obstetric hemorrhage (38.4%), anemia (26.8%), hypertensive complications (20.2%), infections (13.0%). Risk factors such as age, parity, without the occupation, the non-educated; associated with delayed evacuation and the lack of the technical burden contributed to the clinical picture of our patients. The issue of maternal mortality calls everyone of us, mainly health staff. Its reduction passes by a coordinated and effective action on all the levels of care in pregnancy and childbirth.

[Mitral valve repair for rheumatic valve disease in children in Senegal: a review of 100 cases]. / La plastie mitrale sur valve rhumatismale chez l'enfant au Sénégal: 100 observations.

Mitral valve repair is a better therapeutic alternative than valve replacement for rheumatic valve disease in children. Repair procedures are especially well suited to developing countries where heart prostheses and life-long anti-coagulation therapy are largely unaffordable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate medium-term outcome of mitral valve repair in children in Senegal. A retrospective review was conducted in a cohort of 100 patients who underwent mitral valve repair for rheumatic mitral lesions over the 8-year period from 1999 to 2007. Mean age was 12 +/- 5 years (range, 7 to 17 years). The most common symptom of valve disease was dysypnea (stage IV in 26 cases and stage III in 74). Valve lesions were complex with anterior leaflet prolapse in 62 cases, posterior leaflet restriction in 35, commissural fusion in 30, and fusion of chordaes in 54. Repair procedures consisted of transfer and shortening of chordaes in 73 cases in association with commissurotomy in 22 cases and cleft closure in 17. Ring annuloplasty was performed in 84 patients. Hospital mortality was 2%. Postoperative morbidity was characterized by residual mitral regurgitation in four cases. Mean follow-up was 5 years. No late deaths were observed. Outcome was satisfactory in 84 patients with low-grade mitral regurgitation (grade I-II). Reduction of left ventricle diameter was statistically significant during systole and diastole, i.e., from 29.5 +/- 6.2 mm to 33.1 +/- 5.3 mm (p<0.05) and from 47.1 +/- 8.6 mm to 50.5 +/- 9.4 mm (p<0.05) respectively. Improvement in cardiac function was not significant, i.e., from 63.3 +/- 4.8% to 62 +/- 6.4% (p = 0.99). Mitral valve repair was successful in stabilizing myocardial function and remodeling the left ventricle. Outcome is dependent on careful patient selection and evaluation of lesions. Middle-term outcome is encouraging.

[Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: a case report]. / Le syndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay: a propos d'un cas.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to illustrate a rare vascular malformation and to make a literature review. PATIENT: Klippel-Trenaunay's syndrome is a congenital disorder which characterized by capillary malformation, varicosities and bony or soft tissue hypertrophy. This disease is subject to significant morbidity like bleeding, deep vein thrombosis, embolic complications and in some cases enlargement of limb that may require amputation. Our case study was a young woman of twenty years suffering since birth, from a painful, heaviness and enlarged left lower limb that reached 2.5 cm. The distal hypertrophy at the big toe which the site of a botriomycoma (telengectasic granuloma). The inner side of the thigh was also the site of small port-wine stains and varicose of the great saphenous vein. Vascular Doppler ultrasound, skeletal computed tomography and angio-MRI of the limb indicated a klippel-Trenaunay disease. A surgical abstention was decided. The patient underwent only to resection of the toe's botriomycoma followed by an elastic contention associated with "a heel pad compensation" and an anti platelet therapy to prevent deep vein thrombosis and embolic complications. CONCLUSION: The syndrome of Klippel-Trenaunay is a rare vascular malformation. The basic pathology can not be corrected. The treatment's aims are to control varicose veins, to prevent complications and to preserve aesthetic and functional prognosis of the leg.

[Anesthesia and recovery of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery]. / Anesthesie et reanimation pour chirurgie d'anevrysme de l'aorte abdominale sous renale.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anaesthetic assumption of responsibility of the surgery of the aneurism of under renal abdominal aorta. It was a retrospective study over two years (April 2005 - April 2007). Seven patients were operated, the mean age was 69,4 years. An operational pre evaluation was carried out among all patients including/understanding an interrogation, a clinical examination and a clinical assessment. All the patients profited from a general anaesthesia with controlled ventilation. Arterial hypertension (5 cases) was the independent factor of risk followed by the nicotinism (2 cases) with a patient at the stage of obstructive chronic broncho-pneumonopathy (BPCO). A patient was allowed in a table of rupture with acute abdominal pain and a cardiovascular collapse. Electrocardioscopic anomalies were noted among three patients with type of: HVD+ HBAG; HVG; HAG. A patient presented a hypertrophy cardiopathy with deterioration of the function of the VG and an important pulmonary arterial hypertension. A tensionnelle fall was found among three patients after induction with the midazolam. The aortic time of clampage varied between 20 and 120 mn with an average of 57, 6 mn. The incidents at the time of the clampage were: a bradycardia, a hypertensive push and a hypotension. No incident was observed at the time of the declampage. The blood losses per operational were estimated on average at 1000 ml and the numbers of transfusion by patient was on average of 4 pockets. The post operative issue was simple among 5 patients. A surgical recovery was necessary in front of a case of thrombosis of prosthesis. An oligoanurie, an acute respiratory insufficiency was found at the patient admitted in a table of rupture. The intermediate duration of stay threw 11 days. The maintenance of a homodynamic stability per and post operational remainder a good strategy to prevent the operational complications post.

Artere sous-claviere droite aberrante. Considerations anatomo-cliniques

Introduction : L'artere sous-claviere droite aberrante est une variation anatomique rare de l'origine de l'artere sous-claviere droite qui nait au-dessous de l'artere sous-claviere gauche. Souvent latente; elle peut se reveler par une dysphagie dite dysphagia lusoria.Observations : Les auteurs rapportent trois observations d'artere sous-claviere droite aberrante (arteria lusoria) decouvertes chez des enfants de facon fortuite. Deux cas etaient reveles par la tomodensitometrie respectivement lors du bilan d'une coarctation de l'aorte et d'une pleuresie enkystee et un troisieme de decouverte peroperatoire au moment de la cure palliative d'une tetralogie de Fallot. Dans tous les cas; aucun geste n'etait realise sur la variation anatomique qui etait asymptomatique. Avec l'apport de l'angiographie numerisee; l'anomalie vasculaire doit etre systematiquement recherchee lors du bilan des malformations cardiovasculaires et viscerales chez l'enfant afin de prevenir ses complications et les surprises operatoires. L'indication chirurgicale est reservee a la dysphagie rebelle au traitement medical et aux formes compliquees. A l'occasion de ces observations; les auteurs font une revue de la litterature permettant de proceder a une mise au point de cette affection au plan anatomique; diagnostique et therapeutique

Anesthésie­Réanimation dans la cure complète des cardiopathies congénitales au Sénégal au CHNU de fann

Le but de ce travail etait d'evaluer la prise en charge peri operatoire des cardiopathies congenitales au service de chirurgie thoracique et cardiovasculaire de Fann. Dans cette etude retrospective; 19 patients ont ete colliges sur un an (juin 2006 a juin2007). La tetralogie de Fallot etait la cardiopathie congenitale la plus frequente suivie des communications inter ventriculaires. Le temps moyen de circulation extracorporelle etait de 114 minutes et celui du clampage aortique de 49;78 minutes. Les complications post operatoires etaient metaboliques (7 cas); hemorragiques (5 cas) et infectieuses (2 cas). La mortalite etait de 10;5. La cure chirurgicale permet le retablissement de la physiologie normale et garantit une guerison complete