Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour of the maxilla - A rare case report.

A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) is a rare benign odontogenic tumour, which was first described by J. J. Pindborg in 1955, hence it is also called the Pindborg tumour. It constitutes less than 1% of the entire odontogenic tumours and 0.4-3.0% of all intraosseous tumours. The origin of CEOT is still unclear. It may be derived from the oral epithelium, reduced enamel epithelium, stratum intermedium or remnants of the primitive dental lamina. Surgical management is usually enucleation and the recurrence rate is 15%. In this case report, we have described a case of CEOT that occurred in the left posterior region of the maxilla in a young adult male which clinically appeared as a peripheral lesion but radiological findings showed a central variant.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of 0.2% Chlorhexidine, 2% LemonGrass Oil, and 2% Tea Tree Oil Mouth rinse on Salivary pH: An In vivo Study.

BACKGROUND: Mouthwashes containing essential oils are used in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Lemongrass oil (LGO) belongs to a section of andropogen called cymbogam of the family germineae and from it, the LGO is extracted. Tea tree oil (TTO) is extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia leaves (Myrtaceae family). AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the pH of saliva before and after using LGO and TTO mouth rinse and to determine its relevance to the oral health status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A purposive sample of 90 participants aged between 26 and 38 years were included in the study. The PH before and after the use of the chlorhexidine, LGO, and TTO mouthwashes are noted using the GC PH strips and a comparative study was made. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Comparative analysis was made with Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and found that the TTO gives a greater increase in salivary pH with a P = 0.001** (P < 0.05) which is found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The study conducted shows beneficial effects of TTO and LGO mouth rinse. Further studies with larger samples may produce more reliable values.

Oral manifestations of systemic leukemia-first sign of presentation.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy that left untreated or undiagnosed can lead to death within few days. Hence, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment become necessary. Oral manifestations in AML could be the presenting feature or could a part of systemic manifestations. Gingival lesions appear as generalized enlargement with hemorrhagic discoloration with or without spontaneous bleeding. Sometimes, gingival lesions itself could a presenting sign without any other systemic manifesto. We report a similar case which was undiagnosed earlier and the patient came with a complaint of only the gingival swelling.

Effectiveness of Pentoxifylline in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis patients: a case-control study

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder largely seen in the South-Asian countries where areca nut is found to be the main predisposing factor. Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative, has vasodilating properties and is believed to increase the vascularity of the mucosal layer. This study was designed to determine the effect of pentoxifylline (Trental) on the clinical progression of oral submucous fibrosis. Aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of drug pentoxifylline in the management of OSMF and to correlate the clinical parameters evaluated before and after treatment. Methods: Study Design: This investigation was conducted as a case-control study incorporating a Control Group in comparison to a Study Group where pentoxifylline 400 mg was administered 3 times daily, as coated, sustainedrelease tablets for prescribed for 3 months. The stipulated period for the study was 8 months and a total of 80 cases of oral submucous fibrosis (40 test subjects and 40 controls) were included in this study and 100% acquiescence was reported at the end of the test period. Results: Mild dizziness and gastric irritation were the only untoward symptoms reported in 2 of the volunteers in the study group during this trial. These were managed by diet protocols. A review of the patients and controls was done at an interval of every 4 weeks for 3 months. The subjective and objective measurements were recorded. The follow-up data at each visit concerning each other and to base-line values were calibrated using nonparametric tests of the Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney. Significant comparisons with regard to improvement were recorded as objective criteria of mouth opening (u value =1.137, p = 0.260), tongue protrusion (u value = 0.262, p = 0.794 and cheek flexibility (u value =0.990, p = 0.326). Subjective symptoms of burning sensation of mouth (U value = 2.673, p = 0.008), pain on opening the mouth (U value = 4.320, p < 0.0001), difficulty in swallowing and difficulty in the speech were also recorded. Conclusion: This study showed the effectiveness of pentoxifylline as an additional therapy in the routine management of oral submucous fibrosis.

Orodental manifestations in cases with partial agenesis of corpus callosum-rare phenomena.

UNLABELLED: This article focuses on the associated signs and symptoms of patients with partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. The orodental manifestations of such cases have been given special weightage which will prove to be of great help to oral physician when encountered with such cases. CASE DETAILS: Two siblings, aged 14 and 16 years, reported with a chief complaint of severe crowding of teeth with mouth breathing habit. They were low birth-weight babies and had been born to non-consanguinous parents. The distinguishing features of these children were craniofacial abnormalities, delayed developmental milestones, mild mental retardation and abnormal gait. The nosological features and the clinical manifestations of this syndrome and the plausible autosomal recessive inheritance of this rare syndrome have been elicited. The diagnosis was based on characteristic phenotype, in particular striking craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities and neuroimaging. CONCLUSION: It is a challenge for healthcare professionals to help these youths to maximize their potential as human beings and help them achieve a meaningful adulthood. On the other hand, diagnosing such cases can be a challenge to dentistry. A systematic protocol, if adhered, can lead to a more appropriate diagnosis. Managing such cases in a clinical setup involves a multispeciality and interdisciplinary approach.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of sublingual gland: a malignant neoplasm in an uncommon region.

Although mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) are considered as the second most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm, only 0.5-1% of epithelial salivary gland tumours have been reported to arise from the sublingual salivary gland.1 The authors report a case of a low-grade MEC of the sublingual salivary gland in a 35-year-old woman. Wide excision of the tumour along with continuous marginal mandibulectomy was performed. There has been no recurrence till date.

Extrafollicular adenomatoid odontogenic tumour.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) is an uncommon, benign tumour that represents 3-7% of all odontogenic tumours. It is slow growing, occurs twice as common in females and usually in the second decade of life. There are three subclinical types of this tumour with identical histology: follicular type (73%), extrafollicular variant (24%) and peripheral form (3%). Here, the authors have presented two rare cases of extrafollicular varieties of AOT in 25-year-old female patients, of which one was situated in the maxillary canine area and the other one situated in an unusual location of mandibular premolar area. Such lesions may be confused as an odontogenic cyst and should be carefully differentiated from other benign and malignant lesions arising in this region.