Primary hydatid disease of breast: a case report.

Human hydatid disease, or echinococcosis, is a helminthic infection that leads to the formation of fluid-filled cysts in the liver, lungs and other organs. Breast, is a rare primary site of hydatid disease. We report a case of a 45 years old female who presented with a breast lump of 2 years duration. On fine needle aspiration cytology a diagnosis of fibrocystic changes of the breast was made and ultrasonography breast showed a thick walled infected cystic lesion. Intraoperatively, a diagnosis of hydatid cyst was made which was confirmed on histopathology.

Clinicopathological pattern of cranial unifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis: A study at medical college hospital.

BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) of bone refers to a generally benign form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis localized to the bone. Patients may present with a solitary lesion (monostotic) or multiple sites of involvement (polyostotic). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was done to evaluate the clinicopathological pattern of 6 cases of EGs of the skull diagnosed at a tertiary care hospital. All patients of EG were included with the help of medical records over a 5-year period that is, November 2009 to November 2014. They all had been preoperatively evaluated by skull X-ray and computed tomography. To rule out a multifocal disease scintigraphy was performed in all cases preoperatively. Surgical excision was performed, and EG was diagnosed on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: There was a male predominance. Parietal bone was the most common affected bone. Total excision of the lesion was performed in all cases. No patient received postoperative radiotherapy. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 3 years. No tumor recurrence was noted. CONCLUSION: With an unknown etiology, nonspecific clinical and radiological findings with diagnosis possible only on histopathological examination, EG needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis as a skull mass, especially in children.

Coexistent Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis - Diagnosis on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with an increased risk of developing papillary carcinoma of thyroid. We hereby report a case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with papillary carcinoma in a 45-year-old ear old female diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) which was later confirmed on histopathological examination .Such an occurrence, when both lesions are picked up on FNAC in a patient with no palpable thyroid nodule is rare. The case is presented here for its rarity.

Clinicopathological characteristics of chordoma: an institutional experience and a review of the literature.

AIM: To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of chordomas from a single institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis of 18 cases of chordomas diagnosed over a period of 5-years at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, from 2006 to 2010. RESULTS: The overall mean age of the patients was 46.72 years. Males outnumbered females. Sacrum was the commonest site involved. Histopathologically, the majority of cases were conventional chordoma with four cases of chondroid variety. There was a single case of dedifferentiated chordoma that presented with bone metastasis. Most patients did well after surgery and radiotherapy. One patient had a local recurrence and one patient with dedifferentiated variant died on follow-up. CONCLUSION: Though locally aggressive, chordomas are effectively treated with resection and postoperative radiotherapy.

Giant cystic Virchow-Robin spaces with adjacent white matter signal alteration.

Perivascular spaces surround the small arteries and veins as they enter into the brain parenchyma from the subarachnoid spaces. Also called as Virchow-Robin spaces, these are prominent in the basal ganglia and high convexity white matter of the elderly. Occasionally VR spaces may get massively enlarged and may mimic a cystic mass lesion. The typical CSF-like signal intensity of the cysts and location on MRI, in the absence of a neurological abnormality help in the diagnosis of the giant VR spaces and thus biopsy is avoided. Typically there is no significant adjacent brain abnormality; however FLAIR images may sometimes reveal perilesional white matter hyperintensity, which may be an indication of gliosis due to the mass effect of the lesion. Such a signal alteration should not deter one from making a diagnosis of giant Virchow-Robin spaces when the rest of the imaging findings are typical. We describe a case of a 50-year-old female with incidental giant Virchow-Robin spaces in the right hemispheric subcortical white matter with adjacent white matter hyperintense signal intensity on T2-weighted and FLAIR images.

Extraventricular neurocytoma of the vermis in a child.

Neurocytomas are rare neoplasms, composed of uniform round cells with neuronal differentiation. We report a rare extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) in a 5-year-old boy who presented with headache and vomiting. His MRI brain showed a vermian mass. The histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry revealed it to be an EVN. We report this patient for the rarity of the condition and the EVN mimicking a medulloblastoma on imaging. This tumor needs to be differentiated from a medulloblastoma as the former has a better prognosis.