Pulsed electric field operates enzymatically by causing early activation of calpains in beef during ageing.

A study was conducted to elucidate the impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) on the activity of calpains, proteolytic activity of desmin and troponin-T and physicochemical properties of beef Biceps femoris during ageing. The meat samples (meat blocks) were subjected to two PEF treatments; T1 (5 kV, 90 Hz, 0.38 kV/cm) and T2 (10 kV, 20 Hz, 0.61 kV/cm) and a non-treated control was run in parallel. The samples were vacuum packaged and aged for 1, 7 and 14 days at 4 ±â€¯1 °C. This study reports for the first time the impact of PEF-processing on the calpain activity in beef. Early post-mortem activation of calpain 2 was observed in PEF-treated samples. An increase in the calpain activity and proteolysis of desmin and troponin-T was observed. No significant effect of PEF was observed on the shear force of tough muscles from culled dairy animals during the entire ageing period.

The effects of bioactive edible film containing Terminalia arjuna on the stability of some quality attributes of chevon sausages.

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of calcium alginate edible films incorporated with Terminalia arjuna on the lipid oxidative stability and storage quality of chevon sausages. Chevon sausages were aerobically packaged in the edible films containing different concentrations of T. arjuna viz. T1 (0.0%), T2 (0.50%) and T3 (1.0%) and were stored under refrigerated (4±1 °C) conditions. A significant improvement was observed in the lipid oxidative stability and microbial quality of the products. Products packaged in T2 and T3 films exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower values for TBARS (mg malonaldehyde/kg), microbial counts (log cfu/g) and FFA (% oleic acid). Higher (P < 0.05) sensory scores were also observed for the products packaged in T2 and T3 films. This study shows that application of a bioactive edible film incorporated with T. arjuna is an effective strategy in retarding the lipid oxidation and storage changes in meat products.

Preservative effect of Asparagus racemosus: A novel additive for bioactive edible films for improved lipid oxidative stability and storage quality of meat products.

Asparagus racemosus was used as a bioactive ingredient for the development of a novel calcium alginate edible film with preservative potential for improved lipid oxidative stability and storage quality of meat products. Chevon sausages were used as a model system and were aerobically packaged in the edible films incorporated with A. racemosus viz. T0 (0.0%), T1 (1.0%) and T2 (2.0%) and were stored under refrigerated (4 ±â€¯1 °C) conditions. Products packaged in T1 and T2 edible films exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower values for TBARS (mg malonaldehyde/kg), microbial counts (cfu/g) and FFA (% oleic acid) indicating the bioactive properties of the developed films. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher sensory scores were recorded for the products packaged in T1 and T2 films. A. racemosus added antioxidant and antimicrobial properties to the developed films which improved the lipid oxidative stability and storage quality of the model meat product.

Bioactive peptides of animal origin: a review.

Bioactive peptides are specific protein fragments which, above and beyond their nutritional capabilities, have a positive impact on the body's function or condition which may ultimately influence health. Although, inactive within the sequence of the parent proteins, these peptides can be released during proteolysis or fermentation and play an important role in human health by affecting the digestive, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems. Several peptides that are released in vitro or in vivo from animal proteins have been attributed to different health effects, including antimicrobial properties, blood pressure-lowering (ACE inhibitory) effects, cholesterol-lowering ability, antithrombotic and antioxidant activities, opioid activities, enhancement of mineral absorption and/or bioavailability, cytomodulatory and immunomodulatory effects, antiobesity, and anti-genotoxic activity. Several functional foods based on the bioactivities of these peptides with scientifically evidenced health claims are already on the market or under development by food companies. Consumer's increasing interest in these products has given an impetus to the food industry and scientific sector who are continuously exploring the possibilities for the development of new functional products based on these peptides. In this review, we describe above stated properties of bioactive peptides of animal origin.

"Effect of sorbic acid on the storage quality of Kaladhi-an acid coagulated milk product".

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of three different levels of sorbic acid (0.1 %, 0.2 % and 0.3 %) on the shelf life and storage quality of Kaladhi. Kaladhi was prepared from pasteurized buffalo milk standardized to 6 % fat and 9 % SNF with coagulation at 40 °C using 5 % lactic acid as a coagulant. Kaladhi prepared without sorbic acid served as control and was compared with the products treated with different levels of sorbic acid for a storage period of 35 days at ambient temperature. The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) effect of sorbic acid on most of the physicochemical parameters i.e. titratable acidity, free fatty acid content (% oleic acid) and thiobarbituric acid value which showed a decreasing trend with increasing concentration of sorbic acid. However, a non-significant (P > 0.05) effect of sorbic acid was observed on pH and proximate parameters of the product. Kaladhi treated with 0.3 % sorbic acid retained most desirable physicochemical and sensory properties throughout the storage period hence, was considered the best.

Perspective of membrane technology in dairy industry: a review.

Membrane technology has revolutionized the dairy sector. Different types of membranes are used in the industry for various purposes like extending the shelf life of milk without exposure to heat treatment, standardization of the major components of milk for tailoring new products as well increasing yield and quality of the dairy products, and concentrating, fractionation and purification of milk components especially valuable milk proteins in their natural state. In the cheese industry, membranes increase the yield and quality of cheese and control the whey volume, by concentrating the cheese milk. With the advancement of newer technology in membrane processes, it is possible to recover growth factor from whey. With the introduction of superior quality membranes as well as newer technology, the major limitation of membranes, fouling or blockage has been overcome to a greater extent.

Quality evaluation of mutton Harrisa during one week refrigerated storage.

Harrisa is a popular indigenous meat based product of Jammu and Kashmir. An attempt was made to standardize the basic formulation and processing conditions for the preparation of the Harrisa using mutton meat. The product so developed was packed in low density polyethylene pouches (LDPE) and evaluated for a shelf life of 1 week at refrigeration (4 ± 1°C) temperature for various physicochemical, microbiological and sensory attributes. The mean values of pH, protein percent, fat percent and ash percent of the product increased significantly (P < 0.05) whereas the mean moisture percent showed a significantly (P < 0.05) decreasing trend during refrigerated storage. The mean scores of all the sensory parameters decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with storage. Total plate count and psychrophilic count increased significantly (P < 0.05) whereas the coliforms were not detected throughout the period of storage. Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and free fatty acid (% oleic acid) values also increased significantly (P < 0.05) with storage period. Although storage resulted in significant decrease in almost all the quality attributes and sensory scores but the changes were within the limits of acceptability. The product was acceptable for a period of one week under refrigerated conditions.