An Advanced Lung Carcinoma Prediction and Risk Screening Model Using Transfer Learning.

Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, has a high death rate, but an early diagnosis can substantially reduce this risk. In the current era, prediction models face challenges such as low accuracy, excessive noise, and low contrast. To resolve these problems, an advanced lung carcinoma prediction and risk screening model using transfer learning is proposed. Our proposed model initially preprocesses lung computed tomography images for noise removal, contrast stretching, convex hull lung region extraction, and edge enhancement. The next phase segments the preprocessed images using the modified Bates distribution coati optimization (B-RGS) algorithm to extract key features. The PResNet classifier then categorizes the cancer as normal or abnormal. For abnormal cases, further risk screening determines whether the risk is low or high. Experimental results depict that our proposed model performs at levels similar to other state-of-the-art models, achieving enhanced accuracy, precision, and recall rates of 98.21%, 98.71%, and 97.46%, respectively. These results validate the efficiency and effectiveness of our suggested methodology in early lung carcinoma prediction and risk assessment.

Thrombocytopenia in Children: A Large Prospective Study on Clinical Manifestations, Seasonal Variation, Etiology, and Outcome.

AIM: To study the clinico-etiological profile of children with thrombocytopeniaMethods: This prospective hospital-based study included all children (<18 years) with thrombocytopenia at the time of hospitalization and/or thrombocytopenia during the course of their hospital stay. A detailed history was recorded and appropriate laboratory investigations were carried out Results: The study group comprised 246 children (mean age, 9.29 years; median age, 10 years) with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Nearly 45% of children were above 10 years of age. Trends of admissions showed that the majority of children with thrombocytopenia (n = 115) got hospitalized during the rainy season, followed by summer (n = 84). Fever (72.8%), pallor (52.8%), bleeding manifestations (22%), lymphadenopathy (20.3%), and splenomegaly (20.3%) were common clinical features. Petechiae was the most common bleeding manifestation (63%). Septicemia (24%) was the most common etiology, followed by megaloblastic anemia (14.6%), undiagnosed fever (10.2%), local infection (9.3%), hepatitis (6.5%), and scrub typhus (6.1%). About nine children died. All those who died had septicemia and multi-organ dysfunction (MOD). On logistic regression analysis, age >10 years, presence of bleeding, arthralgia, rash, pallor, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, hematological disorders, and malignancy were associated with severe thrombocytopeniaConclusion: Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological observation. This study revealed seasonal variation in the occurrence of thrombocytopenia in children, with the maximum number of cases in the rainy season. Septicemia is the commonest etiology. The majority of children with thrombocytopenia have no bleeding manifestations. Age >10 years, presence of bleeding, arthralgia, rash, pallor, GI symptoms, hematological disorders, and malignancy are associated with severe thrombocytopenia.