RESUMO
Zinc pthalocyanine (ZnPc) is a second-generation photodynamic therapy (PDT) sensitizer with sufficient PDT activity for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). ZnPc is hydrophobic and insoluble in water, which creates hurdles in systemic administration and hence restricts its use in clinic. Here we have loaded ZnPc on chitosan/methoxy polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid (CPP) nanoparticles to form Z-CPP to enhance PDT efficacy. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to see dark toxicity of the compounds ZnPc, CPP and Z-CPP. Then PDT was done and its growth inhibitory effect on SCC cells was evaluated. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and apoptosis of cancer cells following PDT were studied. The results showed that the tested compounds exhibit no dark toxicity and the effect of PDT was significantly better with Z-CPP when compared to free ZnPc (P < .05). Photoactivation of Z-CPP led to a dose-dependent growth inhibition of cancer cells of >50% at 1 µM to >80% at 10 µM concentration. Also Z-CPP-treated cells had highest number of apoptotic cells and produced more ROS compared to free ZnPc-treated cells (P < .05). Hence, this study suggests that Z-CPP is a suitable pharmaceutical compound to increase PDT efficacy.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamento farmacológico , Quitosana/química , Nanopartículas/química , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Poliésteres/química , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Zinco/química , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos da radiação , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Humanos , Camundongos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Segurança , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologiaRESUMO
It has always been difficult to treat onychomycosis due to decrease ability of topical agents to penetrate the nail and reach the affected nail bed. Oral antifungal have shown good response but due to longer duration course it has potential to cause systemic side effects, leading to patient non-adherence and adverse events. Lasers, therefore, have been suggested for the treatment of onychomycosis due to their minimally invasive nature and the potential for requiring fewer treatment sessions. The aim of writing this article is to review a literature regarding treatment of onychomycosis by laser. This article will discuss about all the available laser treatment options for onychomycosis as well as their currently published, peer-reviewed literature.
