A Case Report Describing Hemophilus parainfluenza Recovered From Pleural Effusion.

Hemophilus parainfluenza, a less common pathogen typically found in the oropharyngeal flora, has been associated with various clinical conditions. However, its role in pleural effusions remains scarcely documented. We present a unique case of a 42-year-old female with a history of asthma, hypertension, and obesity who presented with epigastric pain and a moderate right-sided pleural effusion. Hemophilus parainfluenza was isolated from the pleural fluid despite an atypical, asymptomatic presentation without pneumonia. Antibiotic treatment led to a positive response, highlighting the importance of recognizing Hemophilus parainfluenza as a potential causative agent in pleural effusion cases.

A Rare Case of Arterial and Venous Thrombosis in COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought attention to the significant risk of thrombotic complications in infected individuals. We present a rare case of a 64-year-old male with COVID-19 who developed bilateral deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and thrombus in the thoracic and abdominal aorta. The patient exhibited common symptoms of COVID-19 and required intensive care unit admission due to respiratory failure. Subsequent investigations revealed thrombi in the lower extremities, pulmonary arteries, and aorta. Prompt anticoagulation therapy was initiated, and vascular surgery consultation was sought. This case highlights the increased risk of venous and arterial thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive management strategies. The interplay of various factors in COVID-19 contributes to a prothrombotic state, necessitating a multi-modal approach to address thrombotic complications. Further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols and improve outcomes for COVID-19 patients with thrombotic complications.

Parasitic mature cystic ovarian teratoma: A rare case of autoimplantation of a twisted dermoid cyst.

Extragonadal parasitic dermoid cysts are rare. Diagnosis of such extragonadal parasitic teratoma is often done intraoperatively during surgical exploration of abdominal mass.

Anorectal tuberculosis as a chronic rectal mass mimicking rectal prolapse in a child-a case report.

Tuberculosis of the colon commonly involves the ascending,transverse, or sigmoid colon while rectal involvement in tuberculosis is uncommon and poorly characterized. We report a six-year-old male from Nepal who presented with abdominal pain and difficulty passing stool for two years. On per rectal examination, palpation revealed a circumferential rectal mass. On further evaluation, CT scan showed mural thickening and luminal narrowing in the ano-rectum. Colonoscopy with biopsy showed caseating granuloma and positive acid fast bacilli culture consistent with tuberculosis. After starting anti-tubercular therapy, the patient's abdominal pain resolved and the patient was able to pass stool normally within two weeks. Colonoscopy three months after starting treatment showed complete resolution of the mass. Gastrointestinal tuberculosis should be considered in cases of children from endemic areas who present with a rectal mass.

Self-medication with Antibiotics in WHO Southeast Asian Region: A Systematic Review.

Antibiotics are essential treatments, especially in the developing world like World Health Organization (WHO) Southeast Asian region where infectious diseases are still the most common cause of death. In this part of the world, antibiotics are purchased and used without the prescription of a physician. Self-medication of antibiotics is associated with the risk of inappropriate drug use, which predisposes patients to drug interactions, masking symptoms of an underlying disease, and development of microbial resistance. Antibiotic resistance is shrinking the range of effective antibiotics and is a global health problem. The appearance of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, which are highly resistant to many antibiotic classes, has raised a major concern regarding antibiotic resistance worldwide. Even after decades of economic growth and development in countries that belong to the WHO Southeast Asian region, most of the countries in this region still have a high burden of infectious diseases. The magnitude and consequence of self-medication with antibiotics is unknown in this region. There is a need for evidence from well-designed studies on community use of antibiotics in these settings to help in planning and implementing specific strategies and interventions to prevent their irrational use and consequently to reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance. To quantify the frequency and effect of self-medication with antibiotics, we did a systematic review of published work from the Southeast Asian region.